ERCPNCT03698266
Is Needle Knife Fistulotomy An Effective First Step Strategy For All ERCPs?
A study testing Needle knife fistulotomy in people with ERCP and Biliary Disease Tract, run by Lawrence Charles Hookey at 1 site in Canada.
Trial summary
Participants in this study will be undergoing a procedure called an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). This procedure is most commonly performed to help treat conditions affecting specific areas of the digestive system called the pancreas and bile ducts. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- ERCP, Biliary Disease Tract, Biliary Disease
- What is being tested?
- Needle knife fistulotomy
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 84 participants
- Where
- 1 siteCanada
- Study dates
- 23 Nov 2018to 30 Jan 2020
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients, ages > 18, with an intact sphincter undergoing ERCP by at Kingston Health Sciences Center for therapeutic purposes who can provide informed consent. This includes patients who have confirmed choledocholithiasis on imaging and those who have a high suspicion of it based on imaging and lab values. Patients with and without a high suspicion for cholangitis will be eligible for the study. Other indications include: type 1 sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, gallstone pancreatitis or other benign pancreaticobiliary duct diseases including strictures, primary sclerosing cholangitis and Mirizzi's syndrome. Furthermore, patients with suspected diagnosis of biliary leak following cholecystectomy will also be considered for enrollment in this study.
- Ability to read and understand the English language
Who cannot join
- Bleeding disorder (Von Willebrand disorder, platelet count <100 000, or INR >1.5)
- Therapeutic level anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), warfarin, or a direct-acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC)
- Prior biliary sphincterotomy
- Altered upper GI tract anatomy (e.g. prior gastric bypass surgery such as Roux-en-Y or Billroth 2 gastrojejunostomy)
- Evidence of Malignant infiltration of the ampulla or peri-ampullary area.
- Inability to identify intra-duodenal portion of the bile duct, including deep peri-ampullary diverticulum.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Participants in this study will be undergoing a procedure called an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). This procedure is most commonly performed to help treat conditions affecting specific areas of the digestive system called the pancreas and bile ducts.
Patients will consent to allow the study physician to access these areas of the digestive system by making a cut using a technique called a needle-knife fistulotomy. If the physician is unable to gain access through this method, they will make the cut using a technique called a sphincterotomy.
Read the detailed description
The ERCP procedure enables doctors to examine the regions of the digestive system called the pancreas and bile ducts. After sedating a patient, a bendable tube with a light (called an endoscope), is inserted through the mouth and into the digestive system. Within the digestive system, the doctor is able to identify the opening to where the gallbladder drains into the small bowel called the ampulla. Using the endoscope, a small plastic tube is then placed in the opening and dye (also called contrast material) is injected bile duct (where bile leaves the liver from). X-ray pictures can then be taken to provide further information to the doctor.
Sometimes it is necessary to make a cut to enlarge the opening to allow easier removal of stones from the bile duct or to place plastic tubes (stents) in the bile duct. To make this cut, there are two different approaches that the doctor can take:
- The standard way of making the cut is referred to as a "sphincterotomy". Using this method, a heated metal wire cuts the opening to the bile duct after a wire has been passed into it.
- The second way of making the cut is referred to as a "pre-cut". There are various types of "pre-cut" techniques; the technique being evaluated in this study is called the "needle knife fistulotomy". When using this technique, the doctor makes a cut directly into the bile duct using a tiny knife called a "needle knife".
Currently, there is not a standard that tells doctors what cutting technique to use. The decision is entirely up to the individual doctor.
Patients that participate in this study give their permission to allow the study doctor to use the "needle knife fistulotomy" cutting technique first to gain access to the bile ducts. If the study doctor is unable to gain access through this method, then they will use the standard sphincterotomy technique.
The purpose of this study, called a feasibility study, is to determine if the needle-knife fistulotomy is at least as safe and effective as the standard access technique, if not safer.
If it can be shown that the needle-knife fistulotomy is safer and/or more effective, then it could change the way that doctors conduct this procedure in Canada and the rest of the world.
- Conditions
- ERCP, Biliary Disease Tract, Biliary Disease
- Being tested
- Needle knife fistulotomy
- Keywords
- Needle Knife Fistulotomy, Sphincterotomy, Post-ERCP pancreatitis
- Medical subject headings
- Biliary Tract Diseases, Gallbladder Diseases
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Needle knife fistulotomyProcedure or surgery
A needle knife fistulotomy uses a tiny knife to cut directly into the ampulla to gain access to the biliary system in patients undergoing ERCP
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| All Enrolled Patients | Other | Receive needle knife fistulotomy as a starting technique to gain access to the biliary system Receives: Procedure: Needle knife fistulotomy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Post-ERCP pancreatitis
The primary objective to be examined is the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis
Measured: Up to 7 days post-procedure
Secondary outcomes (1)
Technical success
Determined by successful cannulation of the CBD as evidenced on cholangiogram
Measured: Day of procedure
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Oct 2018
- Study start23 Nov 2018
- Primary completion29 Jan 2020
- Study completion30 Jan 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (22)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for ERCPStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- All patients enrolled in the study will consent to a needle knife fistulotomy as a starting technique to gain access to the biliary system.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Lawrence Charles Hookey
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Lawrence Charles Hookey, Queen's University
- Investigators
- Lawrence C Hookey, MD, Principal investigator, Queen's University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03698266
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- DMED-2175-18
- Status last verified
- Apr 2024
- First submitted
- 4 Oct 2018
- Last updated
- 3 Apr 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Robison LS, Varadarajulu S, Wilcox CM. Safety and success of precut biliary sphincterotomy: Is it linked to experience or expertise? World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Apr 21;13(15):2183-6. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i15.2183.
PubMed 17465498Maydeo A, Borkar D. Techniques of selective cannulation and sphincterotomy. Endoscopy. 2003 Aug;35(8):S19-23. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-41532.
PubMed 12929049Kahaleh M, Tokar J, Mullick T, Bickston SJ, Yeaton P. Prospective evaluation of pancreatic sphincterotomy as a precut technique for biliary cannulation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 Nov;2(11):971-7. doi: 10.1016/s1542-3565(04)00484-7.
PubMed 15551249Sherman S, Ruffolo TA, Hawes RH, Lehman GA. Complications of endoscopic sphincterotomy. A prospective series with emphasis on the increased risk associated with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction and nondilated bile ducts. Gastroenterology. 1991 Oct;101(4):1068-75.
PubMed 1889699Shakoor T, Geenen JE. Pre-cut papillotomy. Gastrointest Endosc. 1992 Sep-Oct;38(5):623-7. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(92)70537-9. No abstract available.
PubMed 1397929Foutch PG. A prospective assessment of results for needle-knife papillotomy and standard endoscopic sphincterotomy. Gastrointest Endosc. 1995 Jan;41(1):25-32. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(95)70272-5.
PubMed 7698621Huibregtse K, Katon RM, Tytgat GN. Precut papillotomy via fine-needle knife papillotome: a safe and effective technique. Gastrointest Endosc. 1986 Dec;32(6):403-5. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(86)71921-4. No abstract available.
PubMed 3803839Lopes L, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Rolanda C. Early precut fistulotomy for biliary access: time to change the paradigm of "the later, the better"? Gastrointest Endosc. 2014 Oct;80(4):634-641. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2014.03.014. Epub 2014 May 6.
PubMed 24814775Testoni PA, Mariani A, Aabakken L, Arvanitakis M, Bories E, Costamagna G, Deviere J, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Dumonceau JM, Giovannini M, Gyokeres T, Hafner M, Halttunen J, Hassan C, Lopes L, Papanikolaou IS, Tham TC, Tringali A, van Hooft J, Williams EJ. Papillary cannulation and sphincterotomy techniques at ERCP: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Clinical Guideline. Endoscopy. 2016 Jul;48(7):657-83. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-108641. Epub 2016 Jun 14.
PubMed 27299638ASGE Standards of Practice Committee; Chandrasekhara V, Khashab MA, Muthusamy VR, Acosta RD, Agrawal D, Bruining DH, Eloubeidi MA, Fanelli RD, Faulx AL, Gurudu SR, Kothari S, Lightdale JR, Qumseya BJ, Shaukat A, Wang A, Wani SB, Yang J, DeWitt JM. Adverse events associated with ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017 Jan;85(1):32-47. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2016.06.051. Epub 2016 Aug 18. No abstract available.
PubMed 27546389ASGE Standards of Practice Committee; Chathadi KV, Chandrasekhara V, Acosta RD, Decker GA, Early DS, Eloubeidi MA, Evans JA, Faulx AL, Fanelli RD, Fisher DA, Foley K, Fonkalsrud L, Hwang JH, Jue TL, Khashab MA, Lightdale JR, Muthusamy VR, Pasha SF, Saltzman JR, Sharaf R, Shaukat A, Shergill AK, Wang A, Cash BD, DeWitt JM. The role of ERCP in benign diseases of the biliary tract. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 Apr;81(4):795-803. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2014.11.019. Epub 2015 Feb 7. No abstract available.
PubMed 25665931Freeman ML, Guda NM. ERCP cannulation: a review of reported techniques. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005 Jan;61(1):112-25. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(04)02463-0. No abstract available.
PubMed 15672074Katsinelos P, Gkagkalis S, Chatzimavroudis G, Beltsis A, Terzoudis S, Zavos C, Gatopoulou A, Lazaraki G, Vasiliadis T, Kountouras J. Comparison of three types of precut technique to achieve common bile duct cannulation: a retrospective analysis of 274 cases. Dig Dis Sci. 2012 Dec;57(12):3286-92. doi: 10.1007/s10620-012-2271-8. Epub 2012 Jun 20.
PubMed 22714730Sundaralingam P, Masson P, Bourke MJ. Early Precut Sphincterotomy Does Not Increase Risk During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Patients With Difficult Biliary Access: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Oct;13(10):1722-1729.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.06.035. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
PubMed 26144018Cha SW, Leung WD, Lehman GA, Watkins JL, McHenry L, Fogel EL, Sherman S. Does leaving a main pancreatic duct stent in place reduce the incidence of precut biliary sphincterotomy-associated pancreatitis? A randomized, prospective study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013 Feb;77(2):209-16. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.08.022. Epub 2012 Oct 22.
PubMed 23084272
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Apr 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Is Needle Knife Fistulotomy An Effective First Step Strategy For All ERCPs?
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03698266
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- DMED-2175-18
- Conditions
- ERCP, Biliary Disease Tract, Biliary Disease
- Keywords
- Needle Knife Fistulotomy, Sphincterotomy, Post-ERCP pancreatitis
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Lawrence Charles HookeyUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 23 Nov 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 29 Jan 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jan 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 5 Oct 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Participants in this study will be undergoing a procedure called an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). This procedure is most commonly performed to help treat conditions affecting specific areas of the digestive system called the pancreas and bile ducts.
Patients will consent to allow the study physician to access these areas of the digestive system by making a cut using a technique called a needle-knife fistulotomy. If the physician is unable to gain access through this method, they will make the cut using a technique called a sphincterotomy.
Detailed description
The ERCP procedure enables doctors to examine the regions of the digestive system called the pancreas and bile ducts. After sedating a patient, a bendable tube with a light (called an endoscope), is inserted through the mouth and into the digestive system. Within the digestive system, the doctor is able to identify the opening to where the gallbladder drains into the small bowel called the ampulla. Using the endoscope, a small plastic tube is then placed in the opening and dye (also called contrast material) is injected bile duct (where bile leaves the liver from). X-ray pictures can then be taken to provide further information to the doctor.
Sometimes it is necessary to make a cut to enlarge the opening to allow easier removal of stones from the bile duct or to place plastic tubes (stents) in the bile duct. To make this cut, there are two different approaches that the doctor can take:
- The standard way of making the cut is referred to as a "sphincterotomy". Using this method, a heated metal wire cuts the opening to the bile duct after a wire has been passed into it.
- The second way of making the cut is referred to as a "pre-cut". There are various types of "pre-cut" techniques; the technique being evaluated in this study is called the "needle knife fistulotomy". When using this technique, the doctor makes a cut directly into the bile duct using a tiny knife called a "needle knife".
Currently, there is not a standard that tells doctors what cutting technique to use. The decision is entirely up to the individual doctor.
Patients that participate in this study give their permission to allow the study doctor to use the "needle knife fistulotomy" cutting technique first to gain access to the bile ducts. If the study doctor is unable to gain access through this method, then they will use the standard sphincterotomy technique.
The purpose of this study, called a feasibility study, is to determine if the needle-knife fistulotomy is at least as safe and effective as the standard access technique, if not safer.
If it can be shown that the needle-knife fistulotomy is safer and/or more effective, then it could change the way that doctors conduct this procedure in Canada and the rest of the world.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- All patients enrolled in the study will consent to a needle knife fistulotomy as a starting technique to gain access to the biliary system.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| All Enrolled Patients | Other | Procedure: Needle knife fistulotomyReceive needle knife fistulotomy as a starting technique to gain access to the biliary system |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Patients, ages > 18, with an intact sphincter undergoing ERCP by at Kingston Health Sciences Center for therapeutic purposes who can provide informed consent. This includes patients who have confirmed choledocholithiasis on imaging and those who have a high suspicion of it based on imaging and lab values. Patients with and without a high suspicion for cholangitis will be eligible for the study. Other indications include: type 1 sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, gallstone pancreatitis or other benign pancreaticobiliary duct diseases including strictures, primary sclerosing cholangitis and Mirizzi's syndrome. Furthermore, patients with suspected diagnosis of biliary leak following cholecystectomy will also be considered for enrollment in this study.
- Ability to read and understand the English language
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Bleeding disorder (Von Willebrand disorder, platelet count <100 000, or INR >1.5)
- Therapeutic level anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), warfarin, or a direct-acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC)
- Prior biliary sphincterotomy
- Altered upper GI tract anatomy (e.g. prior gastric bypass surgery such as Roux-en-Y or Billroth 2 gastrojejunostomy)
- Evidence of Malignant infiltration of the ampulla or peri-ampullary area.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Needle knife fistulotomyA needle knife fistulotomy uses a tiny knife to cut directly into the ampulla to gain access to the biliary system in patients undergoing ERCP | Procedure or surgery | All Enrolled Patients |
Primary outcome
Post-ERCP pancreatitis
Time frame: Up to 7 days post-procedure
The primary objective to be examined is the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis
1 secondary outcome
Technical success
Time frame: Day of procedure
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Apr 2024.
- Background: PubMed 17465498Robison LS, Varadarajulu S, Wilcox CM. Safety and success of precut biliary sphincterotomy: Is it linked to experience or expertise? World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Apr 21;13(15):2183-6. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i15.2183.
- Background: PubMed 12929049Maydeo A, Borkar D. Techniques of selective cannulation and sphincterotomy. Endoscopy. 2003 Aug;35(8):S19-23. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-41532.
- Background: PubMed 15551249Kahaleh M, Tokar J, Mullick T, Bickston SJ, Yeaton P. Prospective evaluation of pancreatic sphincterotomy as a precut technique for biliary cannulation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 Nov;2(11):971-7. doi: 10.1016/s1542-3565(04)00484-7.
- Background: PubMed 1889699Sherman S, Ruffolo TA, Hawes RH, Lehman GA. Complications of endoscopic sphincterotomy. A prospective series with emphasis on the increased risk associated with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction and nondilated bile ducts. Gastroenterology. 1991 Oct;101(4):1068-75.
- Background: PubMed 1397929Shakoor T, Geenen JE. Pre-cut papillotomy. Gastrointest Endosc. 1992 Sep-Oct;38(5):623-7. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(92)70537-9. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 7698621Foutch PG. A prospective assessment of results for needle-knife papillotomy and standard endoscopic sphincterotomy. Gastrointest Endosc. 1995 Jan;41(1):25-32. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(95)70272-5.
- Background: PubMed 3803839Huibregtse K, Katon RM, Tytgat GN. Precut papillotomy via fine-needle knife papillotome: a safe and effective technique. Gastrointest Endosc. 1986 Dec;32(6):403-5. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(86)71921-4. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 24814775Lopes L, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Rolanda C. Early precut fistulotomy for biliary access: time to change the paradigm of "the later, the better"? Gastrointest Endosc. 2014 Oct;80(4):634-641. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2014.03.014. Epub 2014 May 6.
- Background: PubMed 27299638Testoni PA, Mariani A, Aabakken L, Arvanitakis M, Bories E, Costamagna G, Deviere J, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Dumonceau JM, Giovannini M, Gyokeres T, Hafner M, Halttunen J, Hassan C, Lopes L, Papanikolaou IS, Tham TC, Tringali A, van Hooft J, Williams EJ. Papillary cannulation and sphincterotomy techniques at ERCP: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Clinical Guideline. Endoscopy. 2016 Jul;48(7):657-83. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-108641. Epub 2016 Jun 14.
- Background: PubMed 27546389ASGE Standards of Practice Committee; Chandrasekhara V, Khashab MA, Muthusamy VR, Acosta RD, Agrawal D, Bruining DH, Eloubeidi MA, Fanelli RD, Faulx AL, Gurudu SR, Kothari S, Lightdale JR, Qumseya BJ, Shaukat A, Wang A, Wani SB, Yang J, DeWitt JM. Adverse events associated with ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017 Jan;85(1):32-47. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2016.06.051. Epub 2016 Aug 18. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 25665931ASGE Standards of Practice Committee; Chathadi KV, Chandrasekhara V, Acosta RD, Decker GA, Early DS, Eloubeidi MA, Evans JA, Faulx AL, Fanelli RD, Fisher DA, Foley K, Fonkalsrud L, Hwang JH, Jue TL, Khashab MA, Lightdale JR, Muthusamy VR, Pasha SF, Saltzman JR, Sharaf R, Shaukat A, Shergill AK, Wang A, Cash BD, DeWitt JM. The role of ERCP in benign diseases of the biliary tract. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 Apr;81(4):795-803. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2014.11.019. Epub 2015 Feb 7. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 15672074Freeman ML, Guda NM. ERCP cannulation: a review of reported techniques. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005 Jan;61(1):112-25. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(04)02463-0. No abstract available.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Lawrence C Hookey, MD principal investigator
Queen's University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Needle knife fistulotomy in people with ERCP and Biliary Disease Tract, run by Lawrence Charles Hookey at 1 site in Canada.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Apr 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Post-ERCP pancreatitis (time frame: Up to 7 days post-procedure). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03698266, which also lists 22 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Apr 2024.