AzTrials
AzTrials

NSCLC Stage IIIBPhase 2NCT03647956

Atezolizumab in Combination With Bevacizumab, Carboplatin and Pemetrexed for EGFR-mutant Metastatic NSCLC Patients After Failure of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

A Phase 2 study testing Atezolizumab, Bevacizumab and Carboplatin in people with NSCLC Stage IIIB and NSCLC Stage IV, run by The University of Hong Kong at 1 site in Hong Kong.

Unknown status

Status not confirmed. The sponsor has not verified this record for over two years, so it may be out of date.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

This project will recruit 40 EGFR-mutant metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients who failed any EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. All recruited patients will receive 1200mg Azetolizumab administered over 60 minutes (1st cycle) and 30 minutes (2nd cycle onwards) intravenously, as well as 7.5mg/kg bevacizumab… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
What is being tested?
Atezolizumab, Bevacizumab and Carboplatin
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
40 participants
Where
1 siteHong Kong
Study dates
1 Oct 2018to 3 Apr 2020
Phase
Phase 2
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC with known EGFR activating mutation not amenable to curative surgery or radiotherapy.
  • Radiological documentation of disease progression following one or more lines of EGFR TKI treatment but have not received palliative chemotherapy. For tumors with uncommon EGFR mutation, including exon 20 insertions, exon 18 point mutations and or complex mutations, patients should have received one or more lines of EGFR TKI treatment.
  • Patients must receive tumor EGFR genotyping by peripheral blood circulating tumor-DNA (ctDNA)
  • Measurable disease as defined by RECIST 1.1 Criteria.
  • At least 18 years of age.
  • World Health Organisation (WHO) performance status 0-2 with no deterioration over the previous 2 weeks and a minimum life expectancy of 12 weeks
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  • At least one lesion, not previously irradiated and not chosen for biopsy during the study screening period, that can be accurately measured at baseline as ≥ 10mm in the longest diameter (except lymph nodes which must have short axis ≥ 15mm) with computerised tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is suitable for accurate repeated measurements.
  • Normal bone marrow and organ function as defined below:
  • Marrow: Hemoglobin ≥10.0 gm/dL, absolute granulocyte count (AGC) ≥1,000/mm3 platelets ≥100,000/mm3, absolute lymphocyte count ≥1000/mm3.
  • Hepatic: Serum/plasma total bilirubin ≤1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) with the exception of <2.9 mg/dL for patients with Gilbert's disease, ALT (SGPT) and AST (SGOT) ≤2.5 x ULN.
  • Renal: Serum/plasma creatinine (sCr) ≤1.5 x upper limit of normal, or creatinine clearance (Ccr) ≥50 mL/min.
  • Serum/plasma albumin > 3.0 gm/dL
  • For female patients of childbearing potential, agreement (by patient and/or partner) to use a highly effective form(s) of contraception that results in a low failure rate (< 1% per year) when used consistently and correctly, and to continue its use for 5 months after the last dose of atezolizumab and/or 6 months after the last dose of bevacizumab. Such methods include: combined (estrogen and progestogen containing) hormonal contraception, progestogen-only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation together with another additional barrier method always containing a spermicide, intrauterine device (IUD), intrauterine hormone-releasing system (IUS), bilateral tubal occlusion, vasectomized partner (on the understanding that this is the only one partner during the whole study duration), and sexual abstinence.
  • Ability to understand and willingness to sign an IRB approved written informed consent document.

Who cannot join

  • Previous exposure to platinum-based palliative chemotherapy. The use of neoadjuvant or adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy more than 6 months before study enrollment is allowed
  • Previous exposure to VEGF inhibitor for anti-cancer treatment
  • Prior treatment with any other anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1), or PD Ligand-1 (PD-L1) or PD Ligand-2 (PDL2) agent or an antibody targeting other immuno-regulatory receptors or mechanisms
  • Patients carries EGFR genotype T790M but have not received 3rd generation EGFR TKI Osimertinib
  • Currently participating or has participated in a study of an investigational agent or using an investigational device within 4 weeks of administration of atezolizumab
  • Expected to require any other form of antineoplastic therapy while on study
Show all 49Show fewer
  • Patients with untreated symptomatic brain metastases. Patients with treated brain metastases will be allowed if brain imaging obtained greater than 7 days from trial enrollment reveals stable disease. Patients with small (< 3mm) asymptomatic brain metastasis are allowed to enroll. Patients on steroids doses higher than 10 mg of prednisone (or its equivalent) are excluded
  • Spinal cord compression not definitively treated with surgery and/or radiation or previously diagnosed and treated spinal cord compression without evidence that disease has been clinically stable for > 2 weeks prior to randomization
  • Leptomeningeal disease
  • Uncontrolled tumor-related pain
  • Patients requiring pain medication must be on a stable regimen at study entry.
  • Symptomatic lesions amenable to palliative radiotherapy (e.g., bone metastases or metastases causing nerve impingement) should be treated prior to randomization. Patients should be recovered from the effects of radiation. There is no required minimum recovery period.
  • Asymptomatic metastatic lesions whose further growth would likely cause functional deficits or intractable pain (e.g., epidural metastasis that is not currently associated with spinal cord compression) should be considered for locoregional therapy, if appropriate, prior to randomization.
  • Uncontrolled pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, or ascites requiring recurrent drainage procedures (once monthly or more frequently). Patients with indwelling catheters (e.g., PleurX®) are allowed. Uncontrolled or symptomatic hypercalcemia (> 1.5 mmol/L ionized calcium or Ca > 12 mg/dL or corrected serum calcium > ULN). Patients who are receiving denosumab prior to randomization must be willing and eligible to receive a bisphosphonate instead while in the study.
  • Malignancies other than NSCLC within 5 years prior to randomization, with the exception of those with a negligible risk of metastasis or death (e.g., expected 5-year OS > 90%) treated with expected curative outcome (such as adequately treated carcinoma in situ of the cervix, basal or squamous-cell skin cancer, localized prostate cancer treated surgically with curative intent, ductal carcinoma in situ treated surgically with curative intent)
  • On chronic systemic steroid therapy or on any other form of immunosuppressive medication
  • Has received a live-virus vaccination within 30 days of planned treatment start
  • Clinically active diverticulitis, intra-abdominal abscess, gastrointestinal (GI) obstruction, or abdominal carcinomatosis (known risks factors for bowel perforation)
  • Severe hypersensitivity reaction to treatment with another monoclonal antibody (mAb)
  • Active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (replacement therapies for hormone deficiencies are allowed)
  • Systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy, antineoplastic biologic therapy, or major surgery within 3 weeks of the first dose of study medication
  • Active infection requiring therapy
  • History of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
  • Hepatitis B carrier: Patients with HBV infection were required to be receiving effective antiviral therapy and have a viral load less than 100 IU/mL at screening
  • Active Hepatitis C
  • Interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis requiring oral or IV glucocorticoids
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the study
  • Psychiatric disorders and substance (drug/alcohol) abuse
  • Inadequately controlled hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure > 150 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > 100 mmHg). Anti-hypertensive therapy to achieve these parameters is allowable.
  • Prior history of hypertensive crisis or hypertensive encephalopathy
  • Significant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to randomization
  • History of hemoptysis (≥ one-half teaspoon of bright red blood per episode) within 1 month prior to randomization
  • Evidence of bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy (in the absence of therapeutic anticoagulation)
  • Current or recent (within 10 days of randomization) use of aspirin (> 325 mg/day) or treatment with dipyramidole, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, and cilostazol
  • Current use of full-dose oral or parenteral anticoagulants or thrombolytic agents for therapeutic purposes that has not been stable for > 2 weeks prior to randomization
  • The use of full-dose oral or parenteral anticoagulants is permitted as long as the INR or aPTT is within therapeutic limits (according to the medical standard of the enrolling institution) and the patient has been on a stable dose of anticoagulants for at least 2 weeks prior to randomization.
  • Prophylactic anticoagulation for the patency of venous access devices is allowed, provided the activity of the agent results in an INR < 1.5 × ULN and aPTT is within normal limits within 14 days prior to randomization.
  • Prophylactic use of low-molecular-weight heparin (i.e., enoxaparin 40 mg/day) is permitted.
  • Core biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device, within 7 days prior to the first dose of bevacizumab
  • History of abdominal or tracheosphageal fistula or gastrointestinal perforation within 6 months prior to randomization
  • Clinical signs of gastrointestinal obstruction or requirement for routine parenteral hydration, parenteral nutrition, or tube feeding
  • Evidence of abdominal free air not explained by paracentesis or recent surgical procedure
  • Serious, non-healing wound, active ulcer, or untreated bone fracture
  • Proteinuria, as demonstrated by urine dipstick or > 1.0 g of protein in a 24-hour urine collection
  • All patients with ≥ 2 + protein on dipstick urinalysis at baseline must undergo a 24-hour urine collection and must demonstrate ≤
  • 1 g of protein in 24 hours.
  • Known sensitivity to any component of bevacizumab
  • Clear tumor infiltration into the thoracic great vessels is seen on imaging
  • Clear cavitation of pulmonary lesions is seen on imaging

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Tai-Chung Lam, FRCR contact

+85222554352

lamtc03@hku.hk

Hong Kong1 site, 1 recruiting

  • Department of Clinical Oncology

    Hong Kong

    Tai-Chung Lam, FRCR

    Chi-Leung Chiang, FRCR

    Recruiting

Other trials in Hong Kong

About this study

Official title: Atezolizumab in Combination With Bevacizumab, Carboplatin and Pemetrexed for EGFR-mutant Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients After Failure of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: a Single Arm Phase 2 Study

This project will recruit 40 EGFR-mutant metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients who failed any EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

All recruited patients will receive 1200mg Azetolizumab administered over 60 minutes (1st cycle) and 30 minutes (2nd cycle onwards) intravenously, as well as 7.5mg/kg bevacizumab administered over 90 minutes (1st cycle), 60 minutes (2nd cycle) and 30 minutes (3rd cycle onwards) for every 3 weeks, until radiographically documented disease progression, unacceptable toxicity as judged by investigators or patient withdrawal.

The primary objective is to assess the progression-free survival of this treatment population, and to identify potential genomic and immunologic biomarkers for treatment response. Objective response rate (ORR) will be the primary efficacy endpoint.

Keywords
Atezolizumab, Bevacizumab, Carboplatin, Pemetrexed, EGFR-mutant metastatic NSCLC
Medical subject headings
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • AtezolizumabDrug

    Also called Tecentriq

    Atezolizumab (trade name Tecentriq) is a fully humanized, engineered monoclonal antibody of IgG1 isotype against the protein programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1).

  • BevacizumabDrug

    Also called Avastin

    Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A).

  • CarboplatinDrug

    Also called Paraplatin

    Carboplatin, sold under the trade name Paraplatin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of forms of cancer.

  • PemetrexedDrug

    Also called Alimta

    Pemetrexed (brand name Alimta) is a chemotherapy drug manufactured and marketed by Eli Lilly and Company. Its indications are the treatment of pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer.

Study groups in NCT03647956
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Arm 1ExperimentalUsing Atezolizumab, a PD-L1 inhibitor, in combination with bevacizumab, carboplatin and pemetrexed to treat patients with EGFR mutated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failure of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Receives: Drug: Atezolizumab; Drug: Bevacizumab; Drug: Carboplatin; Drug: Pemetrexed

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Objective response rate (ORR)

    The percentage of patients with radiologically complete or partial response as determined by the investigator according to RECIST version 1.1.

    Measured: 3 years

Secondary outcomes (3)

  1. Progression-free Survival (PFS)

    PFS is measured from the date of study enrollment to radiographically documented progression according to RECIST 1.1 or death from any cause (whichever occurs first).

    Participants alive and without disease progression or lost to follow-up will be censored at the date of their last radiographic assessment.

    Measured: 3 years

  2. Time to progression (TTP)

    TTP is measured from the date of study enrollment to radiographically documented progression according to RECIST 1.1. This does not include death from any cause.

    Measured: 3 years

  3. Duration of response (DoR)

    Measured: 3 years

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted27 Aug 2018
  2. Study start1 Oct 2018
  3. Primary completion31 Dec 2019 (estimated)
  4. Study completion3 Apr 2020 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
40 participants (estimated)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT03647956
Sponsor's protocol ID
ML40560
Status last verified
Apr 2019
First submitted
24 Aug 2018
Last updated
17 Apr 2019
Results posted
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Undecided

Publications

  • Lynch TJ, Bell DW, Sordella R, Gurubhagavatula S, Okimoto RA, Brannigan BW, Harris PL, Haserlat SM, Supko JG, Haluska FG, Louis DN, Christiani DC, Settleman J, Haber DA. Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N Engl J Med. 2004 May 20;350(21):2129-39. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa040938. Epub 2004 Apr 29.

    PubMed 15118073

  • Shi Y, Au JS, Thongprasert S, Srinivasan S, Tsai CM, Khoa MT, Heeroma K, Itoh Y, Cornelio G, Yang PC. A prospective, molecular epidemiology study of EGFR mutations in Asian patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer of adenocarcinoma histology (PIONEER). J Thorac Oncol. 2014 Feb;9(2):154-62. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000033.

    PubMed 24419411

  • Mok TS, Wu YL, Thongprasert S, Yang CH, Chu DT, Saijo N, Sunpaweravong P, Han B, Margono B, Ichinose Y, Nishiwaki Y, Ohe Y, Yang JJ, Chewaskulyong B, Jiang H, Duffield EL, Watkins CL, Armour AA, Fukuoka M. Gefitinib or carboplatin-paclitaxel in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 3;361(10):947-57. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0810699. Epub 2009 Aug 19.

    PubMed 19692680

  • Maemondo M, Inoue A, Kobayashi K, Sugawara S, Oizumi S, Isobe H, Gemma A, Harada M, Yoshizawa H, Kinoshita I, Fujita Y, Okinaga S, Hirano H, Yoshimori K, Harada T, Ogura T, Ando M, Miyazawa H, Tanaka T, Saijo Y, Hagiwara K, Morita S, Nukiwa T; North-East Japan Study Group. Gefitinib or chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer with mutated EGFR. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jun 24;362(25):2380-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0909530.

    PubMed 20573926

  • Zhou C, Wu YL, Chen G, Feng J, Liu XQ, Wang C, Zhang S, Wang J, Zhou S, Ren S, Lu S, Zhang L, Hu C, Hu C, Luo Y, Chen L, Ye M, Huang J, Zhi X, Zhang Y, Xiu Q, Ma J, Zhang L, You C. Erlotinib versus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (OPTIMAL, CTONG-0802): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2011 Aug;12(8):735-42. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70184-X. Epub 2011 Jul 23.

    PubMed 21783417

  • Sequist LV, Yang JC, Yamamoto N, O'Byrne K, Hirsh V, Mok T, Geater SL, Orlov S, Tsai CM, Boyer M, Su WC, Bennouna J, Kato T, Gorbunova V, Lee KH, Shah R, Massey D, Zazulina V, Shahidi M, Schuler M. Phase III study of afatinib or cisplatin plus pemetrexed in patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Sep 20;31(27):3327-34. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.44.2806. Epub 2013 Jul 1.

    PubMed 23816960

  • Yu HA, Arcila ME, Rekhtman N, Sima CS, Zakowski MF, Pao W, Kris MG, Miller VA, Ladanyi M, Riely GJ. Analysis of tumor specimens at the time of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI therapy in 155 patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancers. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Apr 15;19(8):2240-7. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-2246. Epub 2013 Mar 7.

    PubMed 23470965

  • Janne PA, Yang JC, Kim DW, Planchard D, Ohe Y, Ramalingam SS, Ahn MJ, Kim SW, Su WC, Horn L, Haggstrom D, Felip E, Kim JH, Frewer P, Cantarini M, Brown KH, Dickinson PA, Ghiorghiu S, Ranson M. AZD9291 in EGFR inhibitor-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr 30;372(18):1689-99. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1411817.

    PubMed 25923549

  • Yang CJ, Tsai MJ, Hung JY, Liu TC, Chou SH, Lee JY, Hsu JS, Tsai YM, Huang MS, Chong IW. Pemetrexed had significantly better clinical efficacy in patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma with susceptible EGFR mutations receiving platinum-based chemotherapy after developing resistance to the first-line gefitinib treatment. Onco Targets Ther. 2016 Mar 16;9:1579-87. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S100164. eCollection 2016.

    PubMed 27051298

  • Topalian SL, Hodi FS, Brahmer JR, Gettinger SN, Smith DC, McDermott DF, Powderly JD, Carvajal RD, Sosman JA, Atkins MB, Leming PD, Spigel DR, Antonia SJ, Horn L, Drake CG, Pardoll DM, Chen L, Sharfman WH, Anders RA, Taube JM, McMiller TL, Xu H, Korman AJ, Jure-Kunkel M, Agrawal S, McDonald D, Kollia GD, Gupta A, Wigginton JM, Sznol M. Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jun 28;366(26):2443-54. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1200690. Epub 2012 Jun 2.

    PubMed 22658127

  • Brahmer JR, Tykodi SS, Chow LQ, Hwu WJ, Topalian SL, Hwu P, Drake CG, Camacho LH, Kauh J, Odunsi K, Pitot HC, Hamid O, Bhatia S, Martins R, Eaton K, Chen S, Salay TM, Alaparthy S, Grosso JF, Korman AJ, Parker SM, Agrawal S, Goldberg SM, Pardoll DM, Gupta A, Wigginton JM. Safety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jun 28;366(26):2455-65. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1200694. Epub 2012 Jun 2.

    PubMed 22658128

  • Akbay EA, Koyama S, Carretero J, Altabef A, Tchaicha JH, Christensen CL, Mikse OR, Cherniack AD, Beauchamp EM, Pugh TJ, Wilkerson MD, Fecci PE, Butaney M, Reibel JB, Soucheray M, Cohoon TJ, Janne PA, Meyerson M, Hayes DN, Shapiro GI, Shimamura T, Sholl LM, Rodig SJ, Freeman GJ, Hammerman PS, Dranoff G, Wong KK. Activation of the PD-1 pathway contributes to immune escape in EGFR-driven lung tumors. Cancer Discov. 2013 Dec;3(12):1355-63. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-13-0310. Epub 2013 Sep 27.

    PubMed 24078774

  • Chen N, Fang W, Zhan J, Hong S, Tang Y, Kang S, Zhang Y, He X, Zhou T, Qin T, Huang Y, Yi X, Zhang L. Upregulation of PD-L1 by EGFR Activation Mediates the Immune Escape in EGFR-Driven NSCLC: Implication for Optional Immune Targeted Therapy for NSCLC Patients with EGFR Mutation. J Thorac Oncol. 2015 Jun;10(6):910-23. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000500.

    PubMed 25658629

  • Borghaei H, Paz-Ares L, Horn L, Spigel DR, Steins M, Ready NE, Chow LQ, Vokes EE, Felip E, Holgado E, Barlesi F, Kohlhaufl M, Arrieta O, Burgio MA, Fayette J, Lena H, Poddubskaya E, Gerber DE, Gettinger SN, Rudin CM, Rizvi N, Crino L, Blumenschein GR Jr, Antonia SJ, Dorange C, Harbison CT, Graf Finckenstein F, Brahmer JR. Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct 22;373(17):1627-39. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1507643. Epub 2015 Sep 27.

    PubMed 26412456

  • Herbst RS, Baas P, Kim DW, Felip E, Perez-Gracia JL, Han JY, Molina J, Kim JH, Arvis CD, Ahn MJ, Majem M, Fidler MJ, de Castro G Jr, Garrido M, Lubiniecki GM, Shentu Y, Im E, Dolled-Filhart M, Garon EB. Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016 Apr 9;387(10027):1540-1550. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01281-7. Epub 2015 Dec 19.

    PubMed 26712084

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 2 study testing Atezolizumab, Bevacizumab and Carboplatin in people with NSCLC Stage IIIB and NSCLC Stage IV, run by The University of Hong Kong at 1 site in Hong Kong.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 14 inclusion and 49 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Apr 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Hong Kong. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Results are not available in the source record.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

Contact Tai-Chung Lam, FRCR (+85222554352, lamtc03@hku.hk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Objective response rate (ORR) (time frame: 3 years). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03647956, which also lists 21 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Apr 2019.

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