StrokeNCT03582397
Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy for Stroke
A study testing Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy in people with Stroke, run by Columbia University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Mirror box therapy is a treatment option that has shown promise for people with difficulty moving their arm after a brain injury, such as stroke. During mirror box therapy, people place their affected arm inside a box, where they are unable to see it. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Stroke
- What is being tested?
- Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 11 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 16 Oct 2017to 27 Jul 2018
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- History of one or more ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke
- Reduced use/weakness of the arm
- Ability to follow two-step commands
- Ability to provide informed consent
- Fugl-Meyer Arm/Hand score between 10-50
Who cannot join
- Serious visual or visual-perceptual deficits, neuropsychological impairments, or orthopedic conditions that would prevent participation in the protocol as determined by the treatment team
- Concurrent participation in another study protocol related to motor function after stroke
- High susceptibility to motion sickness, as evidence by a score of 26 or greater on the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire Short-Form (90th percentile)
- Receiving ongoing occupational or physical therapy for upper limb motor retraining
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York, 10032
About this study
Official title: Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy for Upper Limb Rehabilitation Following Stroke
Mirror box therapy is a treatment option that has shown promise for people with difficulty moving their arm after a brain injury, such as stroke. During mirror box therapy, people place their affected arm inside a box, where they are unable to see it. They then focus their attention on the outside of the box, which has been fitted with a mirror. The mirror reflects the movements of their intact hand and makes it appear that both hands are moving normally. Research has shown that this type of therapy can help people recover some use of the arm.
This study is designed to examine a new type of treatment, which uses a virtual reality headset (Oculus Rift) to recreate this effect in a virtual environment. Up to twenty people who have had a stroke and now have difficulty using an arm (Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity range 10-50) will be asked to come in for four weeks of treatment, during which they will perform a set of movements and games using the virtual reality platform, while focusing on the image of their affected arm. Treatment will include two fifteen minute sessions, three times/week for a period of four weeks. Participants will complete pre-testing, which will provide a baseline measure of performance, and post-testing, to see if the treatment has been well-tolerated and has had any impact on their motor performance.
This research is important because it may demonstrate the usefulness of a new treatment method for people who have suffered a stroke, or generally demonstrate that virtual reality platforms may be useful treatment tools for stroke survivors. It may also provide a relatively low-cost and motivating rehabilitation tool for use in the hospital or home environment outside of therapy hours.
Read the detailed description
Up to twenty stroke survivors with upper extremity impairment will be enrolled in this study. After subjects have been consented, they will undergo screening to ensure they meet inclusion/exclusion criteria. This will include the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire (Short Form). Demographics will be recorded including: relevant medical history (including any contraindications to engage in virtual reality therapy), age, gender, hand dominance, and location and date of stroke. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment will be performed to assess feasibility of the intervention for subjects of varying cognitive levels. Subjects who meet study requirements and score between 10-50 points on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery after Stroke (Arm/hand section) will complete pre-testing using the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT).
Virtual reality mirror therapy will be delivered via the commercially available Oculus Rift gaming system, using novel software (WiseMind), developed by Realiteer. Subjects will complete treatment in a designated space clear of distractions and physical objects. They will remain seated in a chair throughout treatment.
A member of the research team will configure the system, entering in the subject's skin tone, height, and weight to enable the system to best approximate their physical form. The subject will then don the Oculus Rift headset, which will block external visual stimuli and provide an immersive visual environment for training. Researchers will position game controller using a wrist strap to ensure patient safety. Researchers will orient subjects to the training environment and ensure patient comfort with the system before initiating treatment. Patients will complete a System Usability Scale and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire on the first and final treatment day to assess system tolerance. Adherence and adverse events will also be recorded throughout the trial.
The WiseMind software will allow subjects to view an approximation of their upper limbs. As the subject moves their arms, the system will detect these movements and mimic them through the headset, so the patient envisions a virtual limb moving as their own. Training will incorporate range of motion exercises, virtual reality games that require reaching, and interacting with functional objects in the virtual environment.
An occupational therapist, physical therapist or exercise physiologist from the research team will run all treatment sessions. Training will be immediately terminated if the subject feels excessively queasy or requests termination for any reason. Training will consist of two, fifteen minute sessions, 3x/week for four weeks.
At the completion of treatment, subjects will repeat the Fugl-Meyer and ARAT assessments to determine if improvements have been made in motor performance.
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Being tested
- Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy
- Medical subject headings
- Stroke
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Virtual Reality Mirror TherapyDevice
Virtual reality mirror therapy (WiseMind) developed by Realiteer and delivered via Oculus Rift virtual reality platform.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental | Experimental | Subjects to receive virtual reality mirror therapy via WiseMind Software (Realiteer) 3x/week for 4 weeks. Receives: Device: Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Adherence
Percentage of intervention visits completed (full 30 minute period) with a higher percentage indicating stronger adherence.
Measured: Up to 20 weeks.
Initial Tolerance of System
Simulator sickness questionnaire. Self-report checklist to screen for adverse symptoms following simulations. Scores range from 0-26, with higher scores indicating increased physical symptoms and poorer tolerance for the intervention.
Measured: Treatment Day 1
Initial Perception of System Usability
System Usability Scale: Subject questionnaire to assess ease of use of the system. Scores range from 0-100, with higher scores indicating greater usability.
Measured: Treatment Day 1
Adverse Event Tracking
Researchers to track observed or reported adverse events related to the intervention. Higher number of adverse events indicates poorer tolerance of intervention.
Measured: 20 weeks
Montreal Cognitive Assessment
Cognitive screening tool. Scores range from 0-30, with a score of 26 or above indicating "normal" cognition. This will be used to ascertain feasibility of the intervention for patients of various cognitive levels.
Measured: Baseline visit
Change in tolerance of system
Simulator Sickness Questionnaire Scores following 1st treatment session, compared to 12th treatment session. Self-report checklist to screen for adverse symptoms following simulations. Scores range from 0-26, with higher scores indicating increased physical symptoms and poorer tolerance for the intervention.
Measured: 20 Weeks
Change in Perception of System Usability
System Usability Scale: Subject questionnaire to assess ease of use of the system. Scores range from 0-100, with higher scores indicating greater usability. Score on final treatment day (session 12) to be compared with score from treatment session 1.
Measured: 20 Weeks
Secondary outcomes (2)
Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery after Stroke (arm/hand section)
Standardized test of upper extremity motor function following stroke. Scores range from 0-66 for this section of the Fugl-Meyer, with higher scores indicating better motor function.
Measured: Baseline study visit and following treatment completion, up to 20 weeks.
Action Research Arm Test
Standardized test of hand and arm function. Scores range from 0-57, with higher scores indicating enhanced motor performance.
Measured: Baseline study visit and following treatment completion, up to 20 weeks.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted11 Jul 2018
- Study start16 Oct 2017
- Primary completion27 Jul 2018
- Study completion27 Jul 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (31)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for StrokeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Columbia UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Device feasibility
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- This is an interventional pilot study with a pre-test/post-test design. All eligible subjects will receive the intervention. We plan to enroll up to 20 subjects, with the goal of having 10-12 evaluable subjects.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 11 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Columbia University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Realiteer Corp.
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Joel Stein, MD, Columbia University
- Investigators
- Joel Stein, MD, Principal investigator, Columbia University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03582397
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AAAR5098
- Status last verified
- Oct 2019
- First submitted
- 23 Oct 2017
- Last updated
- 14 Oct 2019
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: De-identified individual participant data (IPD) will be shared with the publishing journal. Baseline scores, post-intervention scores, and percent change in scores will be provided for the Fugl Meyer and Action Research Arm Test. Participant characteristics will be listed in the publication including, age, sex, time since stroke, and scores on the baseline Fugl Meyer, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire.
Publications
Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, de Ferranti S, Despres JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Willey JZ, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015 Jan 27;131(4):e29-322. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000152. Epub 2014 Dec 17. No abstract available.
PubMed 25520374Nilsen DM, Gillen G, Geller D, Hreha K, Osei E, Saleem GT. Effectiveness of interventions to improve occupational performance of people with motor impairments after stroke: an evidence-based review. Am J Occup Ther. 2015 Jan-Feb;69(1):6901180030p1-9. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2015.011965.
PubMed 25553742Beebe JA, Lang CE. Relationships and responsiveness of six upper extremity function tests during the first six months of recovery after stroke. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2009 Jun;33(2):96-103. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0b013e3181a33638.
PubMed 19556918Carod-Artal FJ, Ferreira Coral L, Stieven Trizotto D, Menezes Moreira C. Self- and proxy-report agreement on the Stroke Impact Scale. Stroke. 2009 Oct;40(10):3308-14. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.558031. Epub 2009 Aug 6.
PubMed 19661469Denti L, Agosti M, Franceschini M. Outcome predictors of rehabilitation for first stroke in the elderly. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2008 Mar;44(1):3-11.
PubMed 18385622Doyle PJ, McNeil MR, Bost JE, Ross KB, Wambaugh JL, Hula WD, Mikolic JM. The Burden of Stroke Scale (BOSS) provided valid, reliable, and responsive score estimates of functioning and well-being during the first year of recovery from stroke. Qual Life Res. 2007 Oct;16(8):1389-98. doi: 10.1007/s11136-007-9247-8. Epub 2007 Jul 31.
PubMed 17665314Duncan PW, Goldstein LB, Matchar D, Divine GW, Feussner J. Measurement of motor recovery after stroke. Outcome assessment and sample size requirements. Stroke. 1992 Aug;23(8):1084-9. doi: 10.1161/01.str.23.8.1084.
PubMed 1636182Duncan PW, Lai SM, Tyler D, Perera S, Reker DM, Studenski S. Evaluation of proxy responses to the Stroke Impact Scale. Stroke. 2002 Nov;33(11):2593-9. doi: 10.1161/01.str.0000034395.06874.3e.
PubMed 12411648Duncan PW, Propst M, Nelson SG. Reliability of the Fugl-Meyer assessment of sensorimotor recovery following cerebrovascular accident. Phys Ther. 1983 Oct;63(10):1606-10. doi: 10.1093/ptj/63.10.1606.
PubMed 6622535Duncan PW, Wallace D, Lai SM, Johnson D, Embretson S, Laster LJ. The stroke impact scale version 2.0. Evaluation of reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. Stroke. 1999 Oct;30(10):2131-40. doi: 10.1161/01.str.30.10.2131.
PubMed 10512918Franceschini M, La Porta F, Agosti M, Massucci M; ICR2 group. Is health-related-quality of life of stroke patients influenced by neurological impairments at one year after stroke? Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2010 Sep;46(3):389-99. Epub 2010 Apr 13.
PubMed 20927005Gladstone DJ, Danells CJ, Black SE. The fugl-meyer assessment of motor recovery after stroke: a critical review of its measurement properties. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2002 Sep;16(3):232-40. doi: 10.1177/154596802401105171.
PubMed 12234086Hobart JC, Lamping DL, Freeman JA, Langdon DW, McLellan DL, Greenwood RJ, Thompson AJ. Evidence-based measurement: which disability scale for neurologic rehabilitation? Neurology. 2001 Aug 28;57(4):639-44. doi: 10.1212/wnl.57.4.639.
PubMed 11524472Hsueh IP, Lin JH, Jeng JS, Hsieh CL. Comparison of the psychometric characteristics of the functional independence measure, 5 item Barthel index, and 10 item Barthel index in patients with stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 Aug;73(2):188-90. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.73.2.188.
PubMed 12122181Huang YH, Wu CY, Hsieh YW, Lin KC. Predictors of change in quality of life after distributed constraint-induced therapy in patients with chronic stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2010 Jul-Aug;24(6):559-66. doi: 10.1177/1545968309358074. Epub 2010 May 3.
PubMed 20439499
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Oct 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy for Upper Limb Rehabilitation Following Stroke
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03582397
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AAAR5098
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 11 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Columbia UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Realiteer Corp.
- Study start
- 16 Oct 2017 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 27 Jul 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 27 Jul 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 11 Jul 2018 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Mirror box therapy is a treatment option that has shown promise for people with difficulty moving their arm after a brain injury, such as stroke. During mirror box therapy, people place their affected arm inside a box, where they are unable to see it. They then focus their attention on the outside of the box, which has been fitted with a mirror. The mirror reflects the movements of their intact hand and makes it appear that both hands are moving normally. Research has shown that this type of therapy can help people recover some use of the arm.
This study is designed to examine a new type of treatment, which uses a virtual reality headset (Oculus Rift) to recreate this effect in a virtual environment. Up to twenty people who have had a stroke and now have difficulty using an arm (Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity range 10-50) will be asked to come in for four weeks of treatment, during which they will perform a set of movements and games using the virtual reality platform, while focusing on the image of their affected arm. Treatment will include two fifteen minute sessions, three times/week for a period of four weeks. Participants will complete pre-testing, which will provide a baseline measure of performance, and post-testing, to see if the treatment has been well-tolerated and has had any impact on their motor performance.
This research is important because it may demonstrate the usefulness of a new treatment method for people who have suffered a stroke, or generally demonstrate that virtual reality platforms may be useful treatment tools for stroke survivors. It may also provide a relatively low-cost and motivating rehabilitation tool for use in the hospital or home environment outside of therapy hours.
Detailed description
Up to twenty stroke survivors with upper extremity impairment will be enrolled in this study. After subjects have been consented, they will undergo screening to ensure they meet inclusion/exclusion criteria. This will include the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire (Short Form). Demographics will be recorded including: relevant medical history (including any contraindications to engage in virtual reality therapy), age, gender, hand dominance, and location and date of stroke. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment will be performed to assess feasibility of the intervention for subjects of varying cognitive levels. Subjects who meet study requirements and score between 10-50 points on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery after Stroke (Arm/hand section) will complete pre-testing using the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT).
Virtual reality mirror therapy will be delivered via the commercially available Oculus Rift gaming system, using novel software (WiseMind), developed by Realiteer. Subjects will complete treatment in a designated space clear of distractions and physical objects. They will remain seated in a chair throughout treatment.
A member of the research team will configure the system, entering in the subject's skin tone, height, and weight to enable the system to best approximate their physical form. The subject will then don the Oculus Rift headset, which will block external visual stimuli and provide an immersive visual environment for training. Researchers will position game controller using a wrist strap to ensure patient safety. Researchers will orient subjects to the training environment and ensure patient comfort with the system before initiating treatment. Patients will complete a System Usability Scale and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire on the first and final treatment day to assess system tolerance. Adherence and adverse events will also be recorded throughout the trial.
The WiseMind software will allow subjects to view an approximation of their upper limbs. As the subject moves their arms, the system will detect these movements and mimic them through the headset, so the patient envisions a virtual limb moving as their own. Training will incorporate range of motion exercises, virtual reality games that require reaching, and interacting with functional objects in the virtual environment.
An occupational therapist, physical therapist or exercise physiologist from the research team will run all treatment sessions. Training will be immediately terminated if the subject feels excessively queasy or requests termination for any reason. Training will consist of two, fifteen minute sessions, 3x/week for four weeks.
At the completion of treatment, subjects will repeat the Fugl-Meyer and ARAT assessments to determine if improvements have been made in motor performance.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Device feasibility
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- This is an interventional pilot study with a pre-test/post-test design. All eligible subjects will receive the intervention. We plan to enroll up to 20 subjects, with the goal of having 10-12 evaluable subjects.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental | Experimental | Device: Virtual Reality Mirror TherapySubjects to receive virtual reality mirror therapy via WiseMind Software (Realiteer) 3x/week for 4 weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 85 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- History of one or more ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke
- Reduced use/weakness of the arm
- Ability to follow two-step commands
- Ability to provide informed consent
- Fugl-Meyer Arm/Hand score between 10-50
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Serious visual or visual-perceptual deficits, neuropsychological impairments, or orthopedic conditions that would prevent participation in the protocol as determined by the treatment team
- Concurrent participation in another study protocol related to motor function after stroke
- High susceptibility to motion sickness, as evidence by a score of 26 or greater on the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire Short-Form (90th percentile)
- Receiving ongoing occupational or physical therapy for upper limb motor retraining
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality Mirror TherapyVirtual reality mirror therapy (WiseMind) developed by Realiteer and delivered via Oculus Rift virtual reality platform. | Device | Experimental |
Primary outcome
Adherence
Time frame: Up to 20 weeks.
Percentage of intervention visits completed (full 30 minute period) with a higher percentage indicating stronger adherence.
Initial Tolerance of System
Time frame: Treatment Day 1
Simulator sickness questionnaire. Self-report checklist to screen for adverse symptoms following simulations. Scores range from 0-26, with higher scores indicating increased physical symptoms and poorer tolerance for the intervention.
Initial Perception of System Usability
Time frame: Treatment Day 1
System Usability Scale: Subject questionnaire to assess ease of use of the system. Scores range from 0-100, with higher scores indicating greater usability.
Adverse Event Tracking
Time frame: 20 weeks
Researchers to track observed or reported adverse events related to the intervention. Higher number of adverse events indicates poorer tolerance of intervention.
Montreal Cognitive Assessment
Time frame: Baseline visit
Cognitive screening tool. Scores range from 0-30, with a score of 26 or above indicating "normal" cognition. This will be used to ascertain feasibility of the intervention for patients of various cognitive levels.
Change in tolerance of system
Time frame: 20 Weeks
Simulator Sickness Questionnaire Scores following 1st treatment session, compared to 12th treatment session. Self-report checklist to screen for adverse symptoms following simulations. Scores range from 0-26, with higher scores indicating increased physical symptoms and poorer tolerance for the intervention.
Change in Perception of System Usability
Time frame: 20 Weeks
System Usability Scale: Subject questionnaire to assess ease of use of the system. Scores range from 0-100, with higher scores indicating greater usability. Score on final treatment day (session 12) to be compared with score from treatment session 1.
2 secondary outcomes
Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery after Stroke (arm/hand section)
Time frame: Baseline study visit and following treatment completion, up to 20 weeks.
Action Research Arm Test
Time frame: Baseline study visit and following treatment completion, up to 20 weeks.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Oct 2019.
- Background: PubMed 25520374Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, de Ferranti S, Despres JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Willey JZ, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015 Jan 27;131(4):e29-322. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000152. Epub 2014 Dec 17. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 25553742Nilsen DM, Gillen G, Geller D, Hreha K, Osei E, Saleem GT. Effectiveness of interventions to improve occupational performance of people with motor impairments after stroke: an evidence-based review. Am J Occup Ther. 2015 Jan-Feb;69(1):6901180030p1-9. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2015.011965.
- Background: PubMed 19556918Beebe JA, Lang CE. Relationships and responsiveness of six upper extremity function tests during the first six months of recovery after stroke. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2009 Jun;33(2):96-103. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0b013e3181a33638.
- Background: PubMed 19661469Carod-Artal FJ, Ferreira Coral L, Stieven Trizotto D, Menezes Moreira C. Self- and proxy-report agreement on the Stroke Impact Scale. Stroke. 2009 Oct;40(10):3308-14. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.558031. Epub 2009 Aug 6.
- Background: PubMed 18385622Denti L, Agosti M, Franceschini M. Outcome predictors of rehabilitation for first stroke in the elderly. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2008 Mar;44(1):3-11.
- Background: PubMed 17665314Doyle PJ, McNeil MR, Bost JE, Ross KB, Wambaugh JL, Hula WD, Mikolic JM. The Burden of Stroke Scale (BOSS) provided valid, reliable, and responsive score estimates of functioning and well-being during the first year of recovery from stroke. Qual Life Res. 2007 Oct;16(8):1389-98. doi: 10.1007/s11136-007-9247-8. Epub 2007 Jul 31.
- Background: PubMed 1636182Duncan PW, Goldstein LB, Matchar D, Divine GW, Feussner J. Measurement of motor recovery after stroke. Outcome assessment and sample size requirements. Stroke. 1992 Aug;23(8):1084-9. doi: 10.1161/01.str.23.8.1084.
- Background: PubMed 12411648Duncan PW, Lai SM, Tyler D, Perera S, Reker DM, Studenski S. Evaluation of proxy responses to the Stroke Impact Scale. Stroke. 2002 Nov;33(11):2593-9. doi: 10.1161/01.str.0000034395.06874.3e.
- Background: PubMed 6622535Duncan PW, Propst M, Nelson SG. Reliability of the Fugl-Meyer assessment of sensorimotor recovery following cerebrovascular accident. Phys Ther. 1983 Oct;63(10):1606-10. doi: 10.1093/ptj/63.10.1606.
- Background: PubMed 10512918Duncan PW, Wallace D, Lai SM, Johnson D, Embretson S, Laster LJ. The stroke impact scale version 2.0. Evaluation of reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. Stroke. 1999 Oct;30(10):2131-40. doi: 10.1161/01.str.30.10.2131.
- Background: PubMed 20927005Franceschini M, La Porta F, Agosti M, Massucci M; ICR2 group. Is health-related-quality of life of stroke patients influenced by neurological impairments at one year after stroke? Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2010 Sep;46(3):389-99. Epub 2010 Apr 13.
- Background: PubMed 12234086Gladstone DJ, Danells CJ, Black SE. The fugl-meyer assessment of motor recovery after stroke: a critical review of its measurement properties. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2002 Sep;16(3):232-40. doi: 10.1177/154596802401105171.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. De-identified individual participant data (IPD) will be shared with the publishing journal. Baseline scores, post-intervention scores, and percent change in scores will be provided for the Fugl Meyer and Action Research Arm Test. Participant characteristics will be listed in the publication including, age, sex, time since stroke, and scores on the baseline Fugl Meyer, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Joel Stein, MD principal investigator
Columbia University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy in people with Stroke, run by Columbia University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Oct 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Adherence (time frame: Up to 20 weeks.). The study lists 7 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03582397, which also lists 31 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Oct 2019; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 28 Oct 2026.