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FastingNCT03569852

Time Restricted Feeding in Male Runners

A study testing Time Restrictive Feeding and Traditional Eating Pattern in people with Fasting and Intermittent Fasting, run by USDA, Western Human Nutrition Research Center at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

This is a cross-over intervention study designed to evaluate how four weeks of time restricted feeding (16 hours fasting and 8 hours feeding), compared to four weeks of a more traditional eating pattern (12 hours fasting and 12 hours feeding), affects resting energy expenditure, subjective and biochemical markers of… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 20 to 40 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
What is being tested?
Time Restrictive Feeding and Traditional Eating Pattern
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
21 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
15 Jul 2018to 24 Mar 2020
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 20 to 40 years
  • Men only
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult

Who may be able to join

  • Competitive runners who have been actively training for 3 or more years
  • Weigh a minimum of 110 lbs
  • Training 4-6 times per week and run a minimum of 20 miles per week
  • Competed in a race within past 12 months at a distance of 5 - 26.1 km
  • Willing to repeat same monthly training protocol during two 4-week interventions
  • VO2max range of 40-70 ml/kg/min

Who cannot join

  • Smoker
  • Take medications that have cardiovascular or metabolic effects
  • Taking dietary supplements
  • Following a restrictive diet including restricting calories or carbohydrates
  • Evidence of an eating disorder
  • Major injuries in past 3 months
  • Chronic disease that affects bone health, metabolism or the cardiorespiratory system
  • Present with any contra-indication to exercise testing (cardiovascular abnormalities) as evaluated by study physician

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site
  • UC Davis, Western Human Nutrition Research Center

    Davis, California, 95616

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: The Effects of Four Weeks of Intermittent Fasting on Resting Energy Expenditure, Satiety Hormones, Body Composition, and Performance in Competitive Runners

This is a cross-over intervention study designed to evaluate how four weeks of time restricted feeding (16 hours fasting and 8 hours feeding), compared to four weeks of a more traditional eating pattern (12 hours fasting and 12 hours feeding), affects resting energy expenditure, subjective and biochemical markers of satiety and hunger, body composition, cardiovascular health, substrate utilization and fitness in male competitive runners.

Read the detailed description

Weight loss and improvements in body composition (increasing muscle mass and decreasing fat mass) are common goals for both dieters and athletes. Although a traditional method of achieving this has been accomplished through caloric restriction, an alternate method that is becoming increasingly popular is fasting. Fasting is described as the absence of food and/or calorie-containing beverage consumption for a period of time. The majority of people fast for 8-10 hours daily, which occurs during the overnight period when people are asleep Intermittent fasting, specifically time-restricted feeding (TRF), has recently gained popularity because it is a more sustainable means of practicing fasting and it has been shown to enhance the loss of fat mass with or without caloric restriction. It has also been shown to enhance overall health due to reports of reduced fasting glucose, insulin resistance, triglycerides, and reduced total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in obese women. Despite its growing popularity among athletes, there is scarce research on how adhering to this type of diet pattern affects athletic performance and other biochemical markers related to health. The participants in this study will be randomly assigned to either a traditional (12/12) or a time restrictive (16/8) eating pattern in a crossover design. Each pattern will last for four weeks with a minimum two week washout in between, and the participants will consume the same calorie and macronutrient amounts based on recommendations made by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) for both eating patterns. The 12/12 pattern will require subjects to consume 5 meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner, and two snacks) per day within a 12 hour period suggested to be around 8am, 10am, 12pm, 3pm, and 7pm. The 16/8 pattern will require subjects to consume 3 meals in an 8-hour period suggested to be around 12pm, 3pm, and 7pm. Subjects may only consume water, unsweetened coffee, or unsweetened tea (no artificial sweeteners) during their periods of fasting. Subjects will perform all exercise in the morning before 8 am in the fasted state. Subjects will visit the Western Human Nutrition Research Center (WHNRC) for test days at baseline (study day 1), after four weeks of the first dietary intervention (study day 28), and at the start (study day 43) and end of the second dietary intervention (study day 70), for a total of 4 test days over the duration of 10 weeks.

Being tested
Time Restrictive Feeding, Traditional Eating Pattern
Medical subject headings
Fasting, Intermittent Fasting

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Time Restrictive FeedingBehavioural

    Also called Intermittent Fasting

    Volunteers will adhere to a form of time restrictive feeding, 16 hours fasting and 8 hours eating per day.

  • Traditional Eating PatternBehavioural

    Also called Normal Diet

    Volunteers will adhere to a more traditional eating pattern, 12 hours fasted and 12 hours eating per day.

Study groups in NCT03569852
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Experimental Group 1ExperimentalOrder of treatment, time restrictive feeding (16 hours fasting and 8 hours eating) followed by traditional eating pattern (12 hours fasted and 12 hours eating).
Receives: Behavioral: Time Restrictive Feeding; Behavioral: Traditional Eating Pattern
Experimental Group 2ExperimentalOrder of treatment, traditional eating pattern (12 hours fasted and 12 hours eating) followed by time restrictive feeding (16 hours fasting and 8 hours eating).
Receives: Behavioral: Time Restrictive Feeding; Behavioral: Traditional Eating Pattern

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Change in resting energy expenditure

    Resting energy expenditure will be measured using a metabolic cart

    Measured: Study day 1, 28, 43 and 70

Secondary outcomes (16)
  1. Change in body composition

    Body composition, including fat mass and lean body mass, will be measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and expressed in kilograms (kg).

    Measured: Study day 1, 28, 43 and 70

  2. Change in substrate utilization during exercise

    Carbohydrate and fat utilized for energy will be measured using a metabolic cart

    Measured: Study day 1, 28, 43 and 70

  3. Change in cardiovascular fitness

    Time to run a 10 kilometer time trial on a treadmill expressed in minutes

    Measured: Study day 1, 28, 43 and 70

  4. Change in perceived feelings of hunger and fullness

    Perceived hunger and fullness will be measured using a visual analog scale. Responses will be a mark on an unsegmented line from 0 or "not at all" to 5 or "extremely."

    Measured: Study day 1, 28, 43 and 70

  5. Change in glucagon, a biomarker of hunger and satiety

    Fasting plasma will be analyzed for glucagon (pmol/L) as measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay

    Measured: Study day 1, 28, 43 and 70

  6. Change in leptin, a biomarker of hunger and satiety

    Fasting plasma will be analyzed for leptin (pmol/L) as measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay

    Measured: Study day 1, 28, 43 and 70

  7. Change in ghrelin, a biomarker of hunger and satiety

    Fasting plasma will be analyzed for ghrelin (pmol/L) as measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay

    Measured: Study day 1, 28, 43 and 70

  8. Change in insulin

    Fasting plasma will be analyzed for insulin (pmol/L) as measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay

    Measured: Study day 1, 28, 43 and 70

  9. Change in total cholesterol, a biomarker of cardiovascular health

    Fasting serum will be analyzed for total cholesterol (mmol/L) by Piccolo analyzer

    Measured: Study day 1, 28, 43 and 70

  10. Change in HDL cholesterol, a biomarker of cardiovascular health

    Fasting serum will be analyzed for HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) by Piccolo analyzer

    Measured: Study day 1, 28, 43 and 70

  11. Change in LDL cholesterol, a biomarker of cardiovascular health

    Fasting serum will be analyzed for LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) by Piccolo analyzer

    Measured: Study day 1, 28, 43 and 70

  12. Change in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), a biomarker of cardiovascular health

    Fasting serum will be analyzed for very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (mmol/L) by Piccolo analyzer

    Measured: Study day 1, 28, 43 and 70

  13. Change in triglycerides, a biomarker of cardiovascular health

    Fasting serum will be analyzed for triglycerides (mmol/L) by Piccolo analyzer

    Measured: Study day 1, 28, 43 and 70

  14. Change in alanine aminotransferase, a biomarker of cardiovascular health

    Fasting serum will be analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) by Piccolo analyzer

    Measured: Study day 1, 28, 43 and 70

  15. Change in aspartate aminotransferase, a biomarker of cardiovascular health

    Fasting serum will be analyzed for aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) by Piccolo analyzer

    Measured: Study day 1, 28, 43 and 70

  16. Change in glucose

    Fasting serum will be analyzed for glucose (mmol/L) by Piccolo analyzer

    Measured: Study day 1, 28, 43 and 70

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted26 Jun 2018
  2. Study start15 Jul 2018
  3. Primary completion24 Mar 2020
  4. Study completion24 Mar 2020

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Crossover
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
21 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT03569852
Sponsor's protocol ID
TRF 1223350
Status last verified
Mar 2020
First submitted
15 Jun 2018
Last updated
1 Apr 2020
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Undecided

Publications

  • Maughan RJ, Fallah J, Coyle EF. The effects of fasting on metabolism and performance. Br J Sports Med. 2010 Jun;44(7):490-4. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.072181. Epub 2010 May 19.

    PubMed 20484315
  • Patterson RE, Sears DD. Metabolic Effects of Intermittent Fasting. Annu Rev Nutr. 2017 Aug 21;37:371-393. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064634. Epub 2017 Jul 17.

    PubMed 28715993
  • Roy AS, Bandyopadhyay A. Effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on selective fitness profile parameters in young untrained Muslim men. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2015 Sep 30;1(1):e000020. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000020. eCollection 2015.

    PubMed 27900122
  • Tinsley GM, La Bounty PM. Effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and clinical health markers in humans. Nutr Rev. 2015 Oct;73(10):661-74. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv041. Epub 2015 Sep 15.

    PubMed 26374764
  • Klempel MC, Kroeger CM, Bhutani S, Trepanowski JF, Varady KA. Intermittent fasting combined with calorie restriction is effective for weight loss and cardio-protection in obese women. Nutr J. 2012 Nov 21;11:98. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-98.

    PubMed 23171320
  • Chaouachi A, Coutts AJ, Chamari K, Wong del P, Chaouachi M, Chtara M, Roky R, Amri M. Effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on aerobic and anaerobic performance and perception of fatigue in male elite judo athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Dec;23(9):2702-9. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bc17fc.

    PubMed 19910805
  • Moro T, Tinsley G, Bianco A, Marcolin G, Pacelli QF, Battaglia G, Palma A, Gentil P, Neri M, Paoli A. Effects of eight weeks of time-restricted feeding (16/8) on basal metabolism, maximal strength, body composition, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors in resistance-trained males. J Transl Med. 2016 Oct 13;14(1):290. doi: 10.1186/s12967-016-1044-0.

    PubMed 27737674
  • Tinsley GM, Forsse JS, Butler NK, Paoli A, Bane AA, La Bounty PM, Morgan GB, Grandjean PW. Time-restricted feeding in young men performing resistance training: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Sport Sci. 2017 Mar;17(2):200-207. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1223173. Epub 2016 Aug 22.

    PubMed 27550719
  • Weigle DS, Duell PB, Connor WE, Steiner RA, Soules MR, Kuijper JL. Effect of fasting, refeeding, and dietary fat restriction on plasma leptin levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Feb;82(2):561-5. doi: 10.1210/jcem.82.2.3757.

    PubMed 9024254
  • Allaf M, Elghazaly H, Mohamed OG, Fareen MFK, Zaman S, Salmasi AM, Tsilidis K, Dehghan A. Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jan 29;1(1):CD013496. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013496.pub2.

    PubMed 33512717

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Time Restrictive Feeding and Traditional Eating Pattern in people with Fasting and Intermittent Fasting, run by USDA, Western Human Nutrition Research Center at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Apr 2020. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Change in resting energy expenditure (time frame: Study day 1, 28, 43 and 70). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03569852, which also lists 10 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Apr 2020.

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