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Papillomavirus VaccinesNCT03501992

Multilevel Interventions to Enhance Provider Recommendations for HPV Vaccination

A study testing Current care, Reminder-recall and Audit-and-feedback in people with Papillomavirus Vaccines, run by Mayo Clinic at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

Each year the human papillomavirus (HPV) causes 30,000 cancers in the United States despite the availability of very effective and safe vaccines. Uptake of the HPV vaccine has been disappointingly low and lags behind other adolescent vaccines. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 11 to 12 years
Conditions the study is for
Papillomavirus Vaccines
What is being tested?
Current care, Reminder-recall and Audit-and-feedback
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
9,242 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
1 Apr 2018to 1 Sep 2023
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 11 to 12 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Child

Who may be able to join

  • Empaneled in one of the six participating primary care practices
  • 11 to 12 years of age at the first day of each of the 12-month-long steps
  • Due during that 12-month-long step for at least one dose of the HPV vaccine

Who cannot join

  • Not empaneled in one of the six participating practices
  • Empaneled in one of the six participating practices but less than 11 years of age or more than 12 years of age on the first day of each 12 month long step
  • Not due during that 12-month-long step for a dose of HPV vaccine.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site
  • Mayo Clinic

    Rochester, Minnesota, 55905

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: "Less Pain, Less Fuss, Right Now!" and "Make It Count!"--Multilevel Interventions for Patient, Parent, and Practice to Enhance Provider Recommendations for HPV Vaccination

Each year the human papillomavirus (HPV) causes 30,000 cancers in the United States despite the availability of very effective and safe vaccines. Uptake of the HPV vaccine has been disappointingly low and lags behind other adolescent vaccines. This study seeks to test interventions targeting health care system, provider, and patient factors to improve the population uptake of the HPV vaccine.

Read the detailed description

The broad, long-term objective is to substantially increase human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates by deploying effective population-health interventions in clinical practices across the United States. As part of this effort, the investigators intend to evaluate two evidence-based interventions with innovative enhancements at six Mayo Clinic primary care practices (PCP) to evaluate their individual and combined impact on rates of HPV vaccination among female and male patients. Aim 1, "Less Pain, Less Fuss, Right Now!", will test the hypothesis that, as compared to no intervention (current practice), a practice-level intervention utilizing reminder-recalls featuring the availability of non-medication and medication anesthetics, the convenience of nurse-only visits, and the use of persuasive language for early, on-time vaccinations will improve HPV vaccine delivery rates. Aim 2, "Make It Count!", will test the hypothesis that, as compared to no intervention, a provider level intervention utilizing a missed-opportunities assessment and feedback intervention applying social pressure (specific peer-performance comparisons) and equipping providers with a strong-recommendation toolkit will improve HPV vaccine delivery rates. Aim 3 will test the hypothesis that simultaneous implementation of interventions targeting individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors will have a synergistic effect on HPV vaccine delivery rates. To accomplish Aims 1-3, the investigators will use a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial with an integrated process evaluation. The cluster approach prevents cross-contamination between patients or providers as we allocate two separate interventions (Aims 1 and 2) in the six PCPs. The stepped-wedge design, which ensures all practices eventually receive the same set of interventions, permits the single institutional review board overseeing all six PCPs to approve the study without requiring recruitment and consent of individual patients or providers. The stepped-wedge approach also permits the investigators to test the presence of each of the interventions in each PCP, making trial participation more attractive, while also allowing each practice to serve as its own control, reducing the bias due to imbalanced risk factors across practices. The factorial design allows the investigators to use a single trial to test two interventions and assess each individually and in combination. The design also conserves sample size while maintaining power. The investigators will measure the impact separately in females and males, 11-12 years of age for the rates of receipt of HPV vaccine doses due. Rigorously tested, highly effective, population-level interventions are essential if the US is to reach the Healthy People 2020 goal for HPV vaccination. The rigor, design, and high likelihood of success of this study will provide key evidence regarding practice- and provider-level interventions to improve HPV vaccination rates. Mayo Clinic's best practices inform not only its own 70 practices across five states but its Mayo Clinic Care Network, which consists of nearly 40 health-care organizations across 26 states and Puerto Rico.

Being tested
Current care, Reminder-recall, Audit-and-feedback, Combined reminder-recall and audit-and-feedback
Keywords
Papillomavirus vaccines, Vaccination, Patient acceptance of health care, Child, Parents, Primary health care, Health personnel, Primary prevention, Neoplasms
Medical subject headings
Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Neoplasms

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Current careBehavioural

    Also called Active control, active comparator, current practice

    The current care arm consists of the contemporary efforts now in practice to support provider recommendation including a shared, standard immunization schedule, a shared rooming process, a shared well child visit schedule, a shared electronic prompt at point-of-care of vaccines due.

  • Reminder-recallBehavioural

    Also called "Less Pain, Less Fuss, Right Now!" reminder-recall

    The communication will use expectant (announcement-style or presumptive) language noting the child's HPV vaccination status and stating that the child's provider strongly recommends the child receive the HPV vaccination now. The communication will also describe availability of topical anesthetics (less pain), indicate the availability and convenience of nurse visits for HPV vaccination (less fuss), and describe the immunological and logistical benefits of early vaccination (right now).

  • Audit-and-feedbackBehavioural

    Also called "Make It Count!" audit-and-feedback & provider toolkit

    The intervention includes two components. The first is a missed opportunities audit-and-feedback. The second is a provision of a strong recommendation provider-toolkit, along with a broad education of the practice staff-nurses, medical secretaries, receptionists, and clinical assistants-regarding the nature of the intervention, its goals, and its likely impact on the practice. The broad education will be conducted through supervisory communications only to practice staff in practices allocated to the intervention at the beginning of the step.

  • Combined reminder-recall and audit-and-feedbackBehavioural

    Also called "Less Pain, Less Fuss, Right Now!" and "Make It Count!"

    The combination reminder-and-audit arm consists of a simultaneous application of the intervention tested in the reminder-recall arm and the intervention tested in the audit-and-feedback arm.

Study groups in NCT03501992
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Practice AOtherPractice A will consist of the eligible patients empaneled to one of the six participating practices. In the first step, Practice A will be assigned to receive the current care intervention. in the second step, Practice A will be assigned to receive the current care intervention. In the third step, Practice A will receive the reminder-recall intervention. In the fourth step, Practice A will receive the combined reminder-recall and audit-and-feedback intervention.
Receives: Behavioral: Current care; Behavioral: Reminder-recall; Behavioral: Combined reminder-recall and audit-and-feedback
Practice BOtherPractice B will consist of the eligible patients empaneled to one of the six participating practices. In the first step, Practice B will be assigned to receive the current care intervention. In the second step, Practice B will be assigned to receive the reminder-recall intervention. In the third step, Practice B will receive the combined reminder-recall and audit-and-feedback intervention. In the fourth step, Practice A will receive the combined reminder-recall and audit-and-feedback intervention.
Receives: Behavioral: Current care; Behavioral: Reminder-recall; Behavioral: Combined reminder-recall and audit-and-feedback
Practice COtherPractice C will consist of the eligible patients empaneled to one of the six participating practices. In the first step, Practice C will be assigned to receive the current care intervention. In the second step, Practice C will be assigned to receive the audit-and-feedback intervention. In the third step, Practice C will receive the audit-and-feedback intervention. In the fourth step, Practice C will receive the combined reminder-recall and audit-and-feedback intervention.
Receives: Behavioral: Current care; Behavioral: Audit-and-feedback; Behavioral: Combined reminder-recall and audit-and-feedback
Practice DOtherPractice D will consist of the eligible patients empaneled to one of the six participating practices. In the first step, Practice D will be assigned to receive the current care intervention. In the second step, Practice D will be assigned to receive the current care intervention. In the third step, Practice D will receive the audit-and-feedback intervention. In the fourth step, Practice D will receive the combined reminder-recall and audit-and-feedback intervention.
Receives: Behavioral: Current care; Behavioral: Audit-and-feedback; Behavioral: Combined reminder-recall and audit-and-feedback
Practice EOtherPractice E will consist of the eligible patients empaneled to one of the six participating practices. In the first step, Practice E will be assigned to receive the current care intervention. In the second step, Practice E will be assigned to receive the reminder-recall intervention. In the third step, Practice E will receive the reminder-recall intervention. In the fourth step, Practice E will receive the combined reminder-recall and audit-and-feedback intervention.
Receives: Behavioral: Current care; Behavioral: Reminder-recall; Behavioral: Combined reminder-recall and audit-and-feedback
Practice FOtherPractice F will consist of the eligible patients empaneled to one of the six participating practices. In the first step, Practice F will be assigned to receive the current care intervention. In the second step, Practice F will be assigned to receive the audit-and-feedback intervention. In the third step, Practice F will receive the combined reminder-recall and audit-and-feedback intervention. In the fourth step, Practice F will receive the combined reminder-recall and audit-and-feedback intervention.
Receives: Behavioral: Current care; Behavioral: Audit-and-feedback; Behavioral: Combined reminder-recall and audit-and-feedback

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Human Papillomavirus or HPV-vaccine-dose Receipt

    The outcome measure was the proportion of empaneled, HPV-vaccine-dose eligible males and females in the study step who received the dose of HPV vaccine dose due by the end of the study step.

    Measured: The dose had to have been received during the 12-month-long study step.

Secondary outcomes (2)
  1. Initiation

    The outcome measure was the proportion of empaneled, HPV-vaccine-dose eligible males and females due for their first doses of the HPV vaccine series in the study step who received the first dose of HPV vaccine dose due by the end of the study step, thus initiating the HPV vaccine series.

    Measured: The initiating dose had to have been received during the 12-month-long study step.

  2. Completion

    The outcome measure was the proportion of empaneled, HPV-vaccine-dose eligible males and females due for their final doses of the HPV vaccine series in the study step who received the final dose of HPV vaccine dose due by the end of the study step, thus completing the HPV vaccine series.

    Measured: The final dose had to have been received during the 12-month-long study step.

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted18 Apr 2018
  2. Study start1 Apr 2018
  3. Primary completion31 Aug 2022
  4. Study completion1 Sep 2023

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Factorial
Model description
A factorial, stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial with process evaluation
Masking
Single blind
Who is masked
Outcomes assessor
Enrolment
9,242 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT03501992
Sponsor's protocol ID
17-010661
Other IDs
R01CA217889
Status last verified
Sep 2024
First submitted
25 Jan 2018
Last updated
24 Oct 2024
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Finney Rutten LJ, Griffin JM, St Sauver JL, MacLaughlin K, Austin JD, Jenkins G, Herrin J, Jacobson RM. Multilevel Implementation Strategies for Adolescent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2024 Jan 1;178(1):29-36. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.4932.

    PubMed 37983062
  • Kong WY, Finney Rutten LJ, Herrin J, St Sauver JL, Jenkins GD, Griffin JM, Jacobson RM. Multilevel Intervention and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Disparities: A Secondary Analysis of a Cluster Randomized Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Jul 1;8(7):e2518895. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.18895.

    PubMed 40622715
  • Finney Rutten LJ, Radecki Breitkopf C, St Sauver JL, Croghan IT, Jacobson DJ, Wilson PM, Herrin J, Jacobson RM. Evaluating the impact of multilevel evidence-based implementation strategies to enhance provider recommendation on human papillomavirus vaccination rates among an empaneled primary care patient population: a study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial. Implement Sci. 2018 Jul 13;13(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s13012-018-0778-x.

    PubMed 30001723

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Current care, Reminder-recall and Audit-and-feedback in people with Papillomavirus Vaccines, run by Mayo Clinic at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Oct 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 24 Oct 2024). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Human Papillomavirus or HPV-vaccine-dose Receipt (time frame: The dose had to have been received during the 12-month-long study step.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03501992, which also lists 3 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Oct 2024.

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