AsthmaPhase 4NCT03369847
Inhaled Steroids for Pediatric Asthma at Pediatric Emergency Medicine Discharge
A Phase 4 study testing budesonide, beclomethasone in people with Asthma and Pediatric ALL, run by New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study evaluates the initiation of inhaled corticosteroids upon discharge from the pediatric emergency room in children under 18 presenting with asthma exacerbation. Half of the patients will receive a prescription for inhaled corticosteroids in addition to standard care, and half of the patients will receive… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages Up to 18 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Asthma, Pediatric ALL
- What is being tested?
- budesonide, beclomethasone
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 43 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 10 Sep 2017to 30 Jun 2019
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Up to 18 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Chief complaint consistent with asthma exacerbation
- Previous diagnosis of asthma by a physician OR one major in the Asthma Predictive Index (API) with two prior episodes of wheezing in the past year.
- Major criteria in the API: parent with asthma, patient with eczema, evidence of sensitization to allergens in the air
- Received oral corticosteroids as part of treatment during this visit for acute asthma exacerbation.
- Deemed well enough after interventions to be discharged by the treating physician.
- If <5 years of age, possession of nebulizer machine at home.
Who cannot join
- Received asthma controller medications within four weeks prior to presentation
- Allergy to intervention asthma controller medications.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Kings County Hospital Center
Brooklyn, New York, 11203
About this study
Official title: Initiating Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy at Discharge From the Pediatric Emergency Department to Prevent Asthma Relapse: A Randomized Control Trial
This study evaluates the initiation of inhaled corticosteroids upon discharge from the pediatric emergency room in children under 18 presenting with asthma exacerbation. Half of the patients will receive a prescription for inhaled corticosteroids in addition to standard care, and half of the patients will receive standard card alone.
Read the detailed description
The primary objective is to determine the effect of prescribing inhaled corticosteroids in addition to short acting beta agonists and oral corticosteroids (if indicated) from the Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) on relapse rates within 28 days. Secondary objectives include the effect of this intervention on hospitalization rates and asthma quality of life within the study period.
Selection criteria include patients aged ≤18 years presenting with a chief complaint consistent with asthma exacerbation with previous diagnosis of asthma by a physician OR one major in the Asthma Predictive Index (API) with two prior episodes of wheezing in the past year. Children who received oral corticosteroids as part of treatment during this visit for acute asthma exacerbation and deemed well enough after interventions to be discharged by the treating physician will be approached for enrollment. Exclusion criteria include patients who received asthma controller medications within four weeks prior to presentation or an allergy to intervention asthma controller mediations.
Patients will be randomized using a random number generator to the intervention group, or standard care (control) group in a 1:1 ratio. Patients assigned to the intervention group will be subject to initiation of an asthma controller medication upon discharge. The intervention group will receive a one-month supply of a low-dose inhaled corticosteroid from the PED. Patients <5 years of age or patients who prefer nebulized medications will receive a one month supply of low dose Pulmicort (budesonide) solution 0.25mg/respule to be given twice a day via nebulizer. Patients ≥5 years of age will receive one low dose QVAR (Beclometasone dipropionate) metered-dose inhaler (MDI) 40mcg/puff with instructions to take it two puffs twice a day with spacer. Patients allocated to the control group will not receive an asthma controller medication from the PED. Both groups will receive prescriptions for oral corticosteroids as per standard treatment and inhaled albuterol. The Mini Pediatric Asthma Control Tool (MPACT), a validated questionnaire used to rapidly identify persistent asthma symptoms in the PED will also be administered prior to discharge to assess for persistent asthma symptoms.
Patients will be followed up with a telephone call at 28 days to collect outcome data. Additional attempts will be made at 29 and 30 days post-discharge if initial attempts at contact are unsuccessful. Primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed during this call. The caller will not be blinded to group assignment. Asthma relapse rates, hospital admission rates, and medication compliance will be assessed during this follow up call. In addition, the Mini Pediatric Asthma Control Tool will be re-administered to assess change in asthma control.
- Conditions
- Asthma, Pediatric ALL
- Being tested
- budesonide, beclomethasone
- Keywords
- inhaled corticosteroids, budesonide, beclomethasone
- Medical subject headings
- Asthma, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
budesonide, beclomethasoneDrug
Also called Pulmicort, QVAR
The inhaled corticosteroids we are using for this study are budesonide nebulized solution and beclomethasone metered-dose inhaler. Low-doses for these medications are 0.5mg/day for budesonide and 160 mcg/day for beclomethasone. Patients under 5 years of age will receive low dose budesonide solution 0.25mg/respule to be given twice a day via nebulizer. Budesonide is FDA approved for children under 5 years of age. Patients 5 years and older will receive one beclomethasone metered-dose inhaler (MDI) 40mcg/puff two puffs twice a day via spacer. Beclomethasone is FDA approved for children 5 years and older.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Inhaled Corticosteroids | Experimental | * Patients under 5 years of age will receive low dose budesonide solution 0.25mg/respule to be given twice a day via nebulizer x 28 days.
* Patients 5 years and older will receive one beclomethasone metered-dose inhaler (MDI) 40mcg/puff two puffs twice a day via spacer x 28 days Receives: Drug: budesonide, beclomethasone |
| Standard Care | No intervention | Patients allocated to this group will not receive an asthma controller medication from the emergency department. The intervention group will receive prescriptions for inhaled albuterol and oral corticosteroids as per standard treatment. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Asthma exacerbation relapse
Emergency department/urgent care visit or unscheduled primary care doctor visit for asthma symptoms
Measured: 28 days after index emergency department visit
Secondary outcomes (3)
Hospital admission
Hospital admission
Measured: 28 days after index emergency department visit
Change in Asthma control
Intermittent vs. persistent symptoms after the study period via repeat of the Mini Pediatric Asthma Control Tool (MPACT) score
Measured: 28 days after index emergency department visit
Medication compliance
If prescribed an inhaled corticosteroid, defined as correct use of asthma controller medications on 80% of days
Measured: 28 days after index emergency department visit
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Dec 2017
- Study start10 Sep 2017
- Primary completion30 May 2019
- Study completion30 Jun 2019
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (22)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for AsthmaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 43 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03369847
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 17-10-161-202(HHC)
- Status last verified
- Jul 2019
- First submitted
- 6 Dec 2017
- Last updated
- 18 Jul 2019
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report 3 (EPR-3): Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma-Summary Report 2007. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007 Nov;120(5 Suppl):S94-138. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.09.043.
PubMed 17983880McCarren M, McDermott MF, Zalenski RJ, Jovanovic B, Marder D, Murphy DG, Kampe LM, Misiewicz VM, Rydman RJ. Prediction of relapse within eight weeks after an acute asthma exacerbation in adults. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998 Feb;51(2):107-18. doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00246-1.
PubMed 9474071Cloutier MM, Hall CB, Wakefield DB, Bailit H. Use of asthma guidelines by primary care providers to reduce hospitalizations and emergency department visits in poor, minority, urban children. J Pediatr. 2005 May;146(5):591-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.12.017.
PubMed 15870660Navaratnam P, Jayawant SS, Pedersen CA, Balkrishnan R. Physician adherence to the national asthma prescribing guidelines: evidence from national outpatient survey data in the United States. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008 Mar;100(3):216-21. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60445-0.
PubMed 18426140Singh AK, Woodruff PG, Ritz RH, Mitchell D, Camargo CA Jr. Inhaled corticosteroids for asthma: are ED visits a missed opportunity for prevention? Am J Emerg Med. 1999 Mar;17(2):144-7. doi: 10.1016/s0735-6757(99)90047-5.
PubMed 10102313Zorc JJ, Chew A, Allen JL, Shaw K. Beliefs and barriers to follow-up after an emergency department asthma visit: a randomized trial. Pediatrics. 2009 Oct;124(4):1135-42. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-3352. Epub 2009 Sep 28.
PubMed 19786448Andrews AL, Teufel RJ 2nd, Basco WT Jr. Initiating inhaled steroid treatment for children with asthma in the emergency room: current reported prescribing rates and frequently cited barriers. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2013 Sep;29(9):957-62. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e3182a219d0.
PubMed 23974712Cydulka RK, Tamayo-Sarver JH, Wolf C, Herrick E, Gress S. Inadequate follow-up controller medications among patients with asthma who visit the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2005 Oct;46(4):316-22. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.12.024.
PubMed 16187464Garro AC, Asnis L, Merchant RC, McQuaid EL. Frequency of prescription of inhaled corticosteroids to children with asthma in U.S. emergency departments. Acad Emerg Med. 2011 Jul;18(7):767-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01117.x.
PubMed 21762239Scarfone RJ, Zorc JJ, Angsuco CJ. Emergency physicians' prescribing of asthma controller medications. Pediatrics. 2006 Mar;117(3):821-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-0962.
PubMed 16510663Rowe BH, Bota GW, Fabris L, Therrien SA, Milner RA, Jacono J. Inhaled budesonide in addition to oral corticosteroids to prevent asthma relapse following discharge from the emergency department: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1999 Jun 9;281(22):2119-26. doi: 10.1001/jama.281.22.2119.
PubMed 10367823Sin DD, Man SF. Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid therapy and risk of emergency department visits for asthma. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Jul 22;162(14):1591-5. doi: 10.1001/archinte.162.14.1591.
PubMed 12123402Sung L, Osmond MH, Klassen TP. Randomized, controlled trial of inhaled budesonide as an adjunct to oral prednisone in acute asthma. Acad Emerg Med. 1998 Mar;5(3):209-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02614.x.
PubMed 9523927Andrews AL, Teufel RJ 2nd, Basco WT Jr, Simpson KN. A cost-effectiveness analysis of inhaled corticosteroid delivery for children with asthma in the emergency department. J Pediatr. 2012 Nov;161(5):903-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.05.015. Epub 2012 Jun 18.
PubMed 22717219Lehman HK, Lillis KA, Shaha SH, Augustine M, Ballow M. Initiation of maintenance antiinflammatory medication in asthmatic children in a pediatric emergency department. Pediatrics. 2006 Dec;118(6):2394-401. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-0871.
PubMed 17142524
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Jul 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Initiating Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy at Discharge From the Pediatric Emergency Department to Prevent Asthma Relapse: A Randomized Control Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03369847
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 17-10-161-202(HHC)
- Conditions
- Asthma, Pediatric ALL
- Keywords
- inhaled corticosteroids, budesonide, beclomethasone
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 43 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- New York City Health and Hospitals CorporationUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 10 Sep 2017 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 May 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2019 (actual)
- First posted
- 12 Dec 2017 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study evaluates the initiation of inhaled corticosteroids upon discharge from the pediatric emergency room in children under 18 presenting with asthma exacerbation. Half of the patients will receive a prescription for inhaled corticosteroids in addition to standard care, and half of the patients will receive standard card alone.
Detailed description
The primary objective is to determine the effect of prescribing inhaled corticosteroids in addition to short acting beta agonists and oral corticosteroids (if indicated) from the Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) on relapse rates within 28 days. Secondary objectives include the effect of this intervention on hospitalization rates and asthma quality of life within the study period.
Selection criteria include patients aged ≤18 years presenting with a chief complaint consistent with asthma exacerbation with previous diagnosis of asthma by a physician OR one major in the Asthma Predictive Index (API) with two prior episodes of wheezing in the past year. Children who received oral corticosteroids as part of treatment during this visit for acute asthma exacerbation and deemed well enough after interventions to be discharged by the treating physician will be approached for enrollment. Exclusion criteria include patients who received asthma controller medications within four weeks prior to presentation or an allergy to intervention asthma controller mediations.
Patients will be randomized using a random number generator to the intervention group, or standard care (control) group in a 1:1 ratio. Patients assigned to the intervention group will be subject to initiation of an asthma controller medication upon discharge. The intervention group will receive a one-month supply of a low-dose inhaled corticosteroid from the PED. Patients <5 years of age or patients who prefer nebulized medications will receive a one month supply of low dose Pulmicort (budesonide) solution 0.25mg/respule to be given twice a day via nebulizer. Patients ≥5 years of age will receive one low dose QVAR (Beclometasone dipropionate) metered-dose inhaler (MDI) 40mcg/puff with instructions to take it two puffs twice a day with spacer. Patients allocated to the control group will not receive an asthma controller medication from the PED. Both groups will receive prescriptions for oral corticosteroids as per standard treatment and inhaled albuterol. The Mini Pediatric Asthma Control Tool (MPACT), a validated questionnaire used to rapidly identify persistent asthma symptoms in the PED will also be administered prior to discharge to assess for persistent asthma symptoms.
Patients will be followed up with a telephone call at 28 days to collect outcome data. Additional attempts will be made at 29 and 30 days post-discharge if initial attempts at contact are unsuccessful. Primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed during this call. The caller will not be blinded to group assignment. Asthma relapse rates, hospital admission rates, and medication compliance will be assessed during this follow up call. In addition, the Mini Pediatric Asthma Control Tool will be re-administered to assess change in asthma control.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Inhaled Corticosteroids | Experimental | Drug: budesonide, beclomethasone* Patients under 5 years of age will receive low dose budesonide solution 0.25mg/respule to be given twice a day via nebulizer x 28 days. * Patients 5 years and older will receive one beclomethasone metered-dose inhaler (MDI) 40mcg/puff two puffs twice a day via spacer x 28 days |
| Standard Care | No intervention | –Patients allocated to this group will not receive an asthma controller medication from the emergency department. The intervention group will receive prescriptions for inhaled albuterol and oral corticosteroids as per standard treatment. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- Up to 18 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Chief complaint consistent with asthma exacerbation
- Previous diagnosis of asthma by a physician OR one major in the Asthma Predictive Index (API) with two prior episodes of wheezing in the past year.
- Major criteria in the API: parent with asthma, patient with eczema, evidence of sensitization to allergens in the air
- Received oral corticosteroids as part of treatment during this visit for acute asthma exacerbation.
- Deemed well enough after interventions to be discharged by the treating physician.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Received asthma controller medications within four weeks prior to presentation
- Allergy to intervention asthma controller medications.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| budesonide, beclomethasoneAlso: Pulmicort, QVARThe inhaled corticosteroids we are using for this study are budesonide nebulized solution and beclomethasone metered-dose inhaler. Low-doses for these medications are 0.5mg/day for budesonide and 160 mcg/day for beclomethasone. Patients under 5 years of age will receive low dose budesonide solution 0.25mg/respule to be given twice a day via nebulizer. Budesonide is FDA approved for children under 5 years of age. Patients 5 years and older will receive one beclomethasone metered-dose inhaler (MDI) 40mcg/puff two puffs twice a day via spacer. Beclomethasone is FDA approved for children 5 years and older. | Drug | Inhaled Corticosteroids |
Primary outcome
Asthma exacerbation relapse
Time frame: 28 days after index emergency department visit
Emergency department/urgent care visit or unscheduled primary care doctor visit for asthma symptoms
3 secondary outcomes
Hospital admission
Time frame: 28 days after index emergency department visit
Change in Asthma control
Time frame: 28 days after index emergency department visit
Medication compliance
Time frame: 28 days after index emergency department visit
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Jul 2019.
- Background: PubMed 17983880National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report 3 (EPR-3): Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma-Summary Report 2007. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007 Nov;120(5 Suppl):S94-138. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.09.043.
- Background: PubMed 9474071McCarren M, McDermott MF, Zalenski RJ, Jovanovic B, Marder D, Murphy DG, Kampe LM, Misiewicz VM, Rydman RJ. Prediction of relapse within eight weeks after an acute asthma exacerbation in adults. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998 Feb;51(2):107-18. doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00246-1.
- Background: PubMed 15870660Cloutier MM, Hall CB, Wakefield DB, Bailit H. Use of asthma guidelines by primary care providers to reduce hospitalizations and emergency department visits in poor, minority, urban children. J Pediatr. 2005 May;146(5):591-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.12.017.
- Background: PubMed 18426140Navaratnam P, Jayawant SS, Pedersen CA, Balkrishnan R. Physician adherence to the national asthma prescribing guidelines: evidence from national outpatient survey data in the United States. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008 Mar;100(3):216-21. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60445-0.
- Background: PubMed 10102313Singh AK, Woodruff PG, Ritz RH, Mitchell D, Camargo CA Jr. Inhaled corticosteroids for asthma: are ED visits a missed opportunity for prevention? Am J Emerg Med. 1999 Mar;17(2):144-7. doi: 10.1016/s0735-6757(99)90047-5.
- Background: PubMed 19786448Zorc JJ, Chew A, Allen JL, Shaw K. Beliefs and barriers to follow-up after an emergency department asthma visit: a randomized trial. Pediatrics. 2009 Oct;124(4):1135-42. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-3352. Epub 2009 Sep 28.
- Background: PubMed 23974712Andrews AL, Teufel RJ 2nd, Basco WT Jr. Initiating inhaled steroid treatment for children with asthma in the emergency room: current reported prescribing rates and frequently cited barriers. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2013 Sep;29(9):957-62. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e3182a219d0.
- Background: PubMed 16187464Cydulka RK, Tamayo-Sarver JH, Wolf C, Herrick E, Gress S. Inadequate follow-up controller medications among patients with asthma who visit the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2005 Oct;46(4):316-22. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.12.024.
- Background: PubMed 21762239Garro AC, Asnis L, Merchant RC, McQuaid EL. Frequency of prescription of inhaled corticosteroids to children with asthma in U.S. emergency departments. Acad Emerg Med. 2011 Jul;18(7):767-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01117.x.
- Background: PubMed 16510663Scarfone RJ, Zorc JJ, Angsuco CJ. Emergency physicians' prescribing of asthma controller medications. Pediatrics. 2006 Mar;117(3):821-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-0962.
- Background: PubMed 10367823Rowe BH, Bota GW, Fabris L, Therrien SA, Milner RA, Jacono J. Inhaled budesonide in addition to oral corticosteroids to prevent asthma relapse following discharge from the emergency department: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1999 Jun 9;281(22):2119-26. doi: 10.1001/jama.281.22.2119.
- Background: PubMed 12123402Sin DD, Man SF. Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid therapy and risk of emergency department visits for asthma. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Jul 22;162(14):1591-5. doi: 10.1001/archinte.162.14.1591.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing budesonide, beclomethasone in people with Asthma and Pediatric ALL, run by New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Jul 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Asthma exacerbation relapse (time frame: 28 days after index emergency department visit). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03369847, which also lists 22 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Jul 2019.