Obsessive-Compulsive DisorderPhase 2/3NCT03348930
Tolcapone in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
A Phase 2/3 study testing Tolcapone 200 MG in people with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, run by University of Chicago at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The proposed study will consist of a 5-week double-blind cross-over study trial of tolcapone in 20 people (ages 18-65). The study will be divided into an initial 2 week phase and a second 2 week phase, with one of the 2 week phases consisting of active treatment with tolcapone, and the other 2 week phase consisting of… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- What is being tested?
- Tolcapone 200 MG
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 20 Mar 2018to 14 Dec 2020
- Phase
- Phase 2/3
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Males and females age 18-65;
- Diagnosis of current OCD based on DSM-5 criteria and confirmed using the clinician-administered Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID);
- Able and willing to provide written consent for participation.
Who cannot join
- Unstable medical illness, including liver disease, as determined by the investigator;
- History of seizures;
- Clinically significant suicidality (defined by the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale);
- Baseline score of ≥17 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (17-item HDRS);
- Lifetime history of bipolar disorder type I or II, schizophrenia, autism, any psychotic disorder, or any substance use disorder;
- Initiation of psychotherapy or behavior therapy within 3 months prior to study baseline;
Show all 9Show fewer
- Previous treatment with tolcapone;
- Any history of psychiatric hospitalization in the past year;
- Currently pregnant (confirmed by urine pregnancy test)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Tolcapone Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Pilot Study
The proposed study will consist of a 5-week double-blind cross-over study trial of tolcapone in 20 people (ages 18-65). The study will be divided into an initial 2 week phase and a second 2 week phase, with one of the 2 week phases consisting of active treatment with tolcapone, and the other 2 week phase consisting of inactive placebo treatment. There will be a one-week wash-out phase between the 2-week treatment phases. Participants will be randomized to receive either tolcapone or placebo during the first 2 week phase on a 1:1 basis. This blinding will be maintained by the IDS pharmacy at the University of Chicago.
Read the detailed description
The goal of the proposed study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tolcapone in adults with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The hypothesis to be tested is that tolcapone will be more effective and well tolerated in adults with OCD compared to placebo. The proposed study will provide needed data on the treatment of a disabling disorder where current treatments are often ineffective.
The primary aim of this application is to conduct a randomized placebo-controlled pharmacotherapy trial using tolcapone in 20 participants with OCD. The study will consist of two phases: a 2 week active treatment phase with tolcapone, a one-week wash-out phase, and a 2 week placebo phase. The subjects will be randomized to either receive tolcapone or placebo treatment in the first 2 weeks, and the other during the remaining 2 week phase.
This will be one of few studies assessing the use of pharmacotherapy for the treatment of OCD in adults. Assessing the efficacy and safety of tolcapone will help inform clinicians about additional treatment options for adults suffering from this disorder.
- Conditions
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- Being tested
- Tolcapone 200 MG
- Medical subject headings
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Tolcapone 200 MGDrug
Also called No other names
All eligible study subjects will go through a 2-week treatment phase during which they will begin tolcapone at 100mg twice a day.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Tolcapone | Experimental | Each subject will have a 4 week treatment phase with Tolcapone Receives: Drug: Tolcapone 200 MG |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | 4 week placebo phase before or after Tolcapone phase depending on randomization. Receives: Drug: Tolcapone 200 MG |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS)
The entire study for the subject will last 5 weeks. Every 2 weeks and after the one week washout period the subject will take the YBOCS. The change in scores from baseline to after 5 weeks will be assessed. The scale itself assesses severity of OCD symptoms. The YBOCS scale ranges from 0 to 40, with 0 being no symptoms and 40 being severe.
Measured: 2 weeks (start of study to washout period OR two weeks following washout period)
Secondary outcomes (4)
Clinical Global Impression- Severity and Improvement (CGI)
The entire study for the subject will last 5 weeks. Every two weeks and after the one week washout period the subject will complete the CGI. The change in scores from baseline to after 5 weeks will be assessed. The scale itself assesses overall disorder severity on a scale from 1 to 7 with 1 being "not at all" and 7 being "among the most severe cases"
Measured: 2 weeks (start of study to washout period OR two weeks following washout period)
Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS)
The entire study for the subject will last 5 weeks. Every two weeks and after the one week washout period the subject will complete the SDS. The change in scores from baseline to after 5 weeks will be assessed. The scale itself assesses the level of disability from obsessive compulsive disorder (or target disorder). The SDS is a brief, 5-item self-report tool that assesses functional impairment in work/school, social life, and family life. Work/school scores range from 0 to 10, Social life scores range from 0 to 10, Family life/home responsibilities scores range from 0 to 10). Total scores are calculated by adding the scores for work/school, social life, and family life. Total scores range from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 30 (0 unimpaired, 30 highly impaired).
Measured: 2 weeks (start of study to washout period OR two weeks following washout period)
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)
Every study visit, the subject will complete the HAM-A. The change in scores from baseline to after 5 weeks will be assessed. The scale itself assesses level of anxiety. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety, with 0 being no symptoms of anxiety and 30 being severe anxiety.
Measured: 2 weeks (start of study to washout period OR two weeks following washout period)
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)
The entire study for the subject will last 5 weeks. The HAM-D will be administered at every study visit. The change in scores from baseline to after the end of the 2-week active treatment period will be assessed and the change in scores from baseline to the end of the 2-week placebo period. The scale itself assesses level of depression. The minimum score is 0 and indicates no depressive symptoms, while the highest possible score is 50. Higher total scores indicate high levels of depression. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome. Higher total scored (14-50) indicate higher levels of depression, while a score between 0-7 is considered normal.
Measured: 2 weeks (start of study to washout period OR two weeks following washout period)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Nov 2017
- Study start20 Mar 2018
- Primary completion14 Dec 2020
- Study completion14 Dec 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (29)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Obsessive-Compulsive DisorderStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of ChicagoThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2/3
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Chicago
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Jon E Grant, JD,MD,MPH, Principal investigator, University of Chicago
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03348930
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 17-1379
- Status last verified
- Mar 2022
- First submitted
- 15 Nov 2017
- Last updated
- 7 Apr 2022
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Saxena S, Rauch SL. Functional neuroimaging and the neuroanatomy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2000 Sep;23(3):563-86. doi: 10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70181-7.
PubMed 10986728Baxter LR Jr, Phelps ME, Mazziotta JC, Guze BH, Schwartz JM, Selin CE. Local cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A comparison with rates in unipolar depression and in normal controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987 Mar;44(3):211-8. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800150017003.
PubMed 3493749Milad MR, Rauch SL. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: beyond segregated cortico-striatal pathways. Trends Cogn Sci. 2012 Jan;16(1):43-51. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.003. Epub 2011 Dec 2.
PubMed 22138231Graybiel AM, Rauch SL. Toward a neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuron. 2000 Nov;28(2):343-7. doi: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00113-6. No abstract available.
PubMed 11144344Piras F, Piras F, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G. Brain circuitries of obsessive compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Dec;37(10 Pt 2):2856-77. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.10.008. Epub 2013 Oct 28.
PubMed 24177038Menzies L, Achard S, Chamberlain SR, Fineberg N, Chen CH, del Campo N, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW, Bullmore E. Neurocognitive endophenotypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Brain. 2007 Dec;130(Pt 12):3223-36. doi: 10.1093/brain/awm205. Epub 2007 Sep 13.
PubMed 17855376Chamberlain SR, Menzies L, Hampshire A, Suckling J, Fineberg NA, del Campo N, Aitken M, Craig K, Owen AM, Bullmore ET, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ. Orbitofrontal dysfunction in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their unaffected relatives. Science. 2008 Jul 18;321(5887):421-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1154433.
PubMed 18635808Skoog G, Skoog I. A 40-year follow-up of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder [see commetns]. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999 Feb;56(2):121-7. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.56.2.121.
PubMed 10025435Mancebo MC, Eisen JL, Pinto A, Greenberg BD, Dyck IR, Rasmussen SA. The brown longitudinal obsessive compulsive study: treatments received and patient impressions of improvement. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006 Nov;67(11):1713-20. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v67n1107.
PubMed 17196050Blanco C, Olfson M, Stein DJ, Simpson HB, Gameroff MJ, Narrow WH. Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder by U.S. psychiatrists. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006 Jun;67(6):946-51. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v67n0611.
PubMed 16848654Grant JE. Clinical practice: Obsessive-compulsive disorder. N Engl J Med. 2014 Aug 14;371(7):646-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1402176.
PubMed 25119610Tunbridge EM, Bannerman DM, Sharp T, Harrison PJ. Catechol-o-methyltransferase inhibition improves set-shifting performance and elevates stimulated dopamine release in the rat prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci. 2004 Jun 9;24(23):5331-5. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1124-04.2004.
PubMed 15190105Mier D, Kirsch P, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Neural substrates of pleiotropic action of genetic variation in COMT: a meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry. 2010 Sep;15(9):918-27. doi: 10.1038/mp.2009.36. Epub 2009 May 5.
PubMed 19417742Apud JA, Mattay V, Chen J, Kolachana BS, Callicott JH, Rasetti R, Alce G, Iudicello JE, Akbar N, Egan MF, Goldberg TE, Weinberger DR. Tolcapone improves cognition and cortical information processing in normal human subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007 May;32(5):1011-20. doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301227. Epub 2006 Oct 25.
PubMed 17063156Servan-Schreiber D, Printz H, Cohen JD. A network model of catecholamine effects: gain, signal-to-noise ratio, and behavior. Science. 1990 Aug 24;249(4971):892-5. doi: 10.1126/science.2392679.
PubMed 2392679
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Apr 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Tolcapone Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Pilot Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03348930
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 17-1379
- Conditions
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- Phase
- Phase 2/3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of ChicagoUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 20 Mar 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 14 Dec 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 14 Dec 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Nov 2017 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 7 Apr 2022
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The proposed study will consist of a 5-week double-blind cross-over study trial of tolcapone in 20 people (ages 18-65). The study will be divided into an initial 2 week phase and a second 2 week phase, with one of the 2 week phases consisting of active treatment with tolcapone, and the other 2 week phase consisting of inactive placebo treatment. There will be a one-week wash-out phase between the 2-week treatment phases. Participants will be randomized to receive either tolcapone or placebo during the first 2 week phase on a 1:1 basis. This blinding will be maintained by the IDS pharmacy at the University of Chicago.
Detailed description
The goal of the proposed study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tolcapone in adults with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The hypothesis to be tested is that tolcapone will be more effective and well tolerated in adults with OCD compared to placebo. The proposed study will provide needed data on the treatment of a disabling disorder where current treatments are often ineffective.
The primary aim of this application is to conduct a randomized placebo-controlled pharmacotherapy trial using tolcapone in 20 participants with OCD. The study will consist of two phases: a 2 week active treatment phase with tolcapone, a one-week wash-out phase, and a 2 week placebo phase. The subjects will be randomized to either receive tolcapone or placebo treatment in the first 2 weeks, and the other during the remaining 2 week phase.
This will be one of few studies assessing the use of pharmacotherapy for the treatment of OCD in adults. Assessing the efficacy and safety of tolcapone will help inform clinicians about additional treatment options for adults suffering from this disorder.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Tolcapone | Experimental | Drug: Tolcapone 200 MGEach subject will have a 4 week treatment phase with Tolcapone |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Drug: Tolcapone 200 MG4 week placebo phase before or after Tolcapone phase depending on randomization. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Males and females age 18-65;
- Diagnosis of current OCD based on DSM-5 criteria and confirmed using the clinician-administered Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID);
- Able and willing to provide written consent for participation.
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Unstable medical illness, including liver disease, as determined by the investigator;
- History of seizures;
- Clinically significant suicidality (defined by the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale);
- Baseline score of ≥17 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (17-item HDRS);
- Lifetime history of bipolar disorder type I or II, schizophrenia, autism, any psychotic disorder, or any substance use disorder;
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Tolcapone 200 MGAlso: No other namesAll eligible study subjects will go through a 2-week treatment phase during which they will begin tolcapone at 100mg twice a day. | Drug | Placebo, Tolcapone |
Primary outcome
Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS)
Time frame: 2 weeks (start of study to washout period OR two weeks following washout period)
The entire study for the subject will last 5 weeks. Every 2 weeks and after the one week washout period the subject will take the YBOCS. The change in scores from baseline to after 5 weeks will be assessed. The scale itself assesses severity of OCD symptoms. The YBOCS scale ranges from 0 to 40, with 0 being no symptoms and 40 being severe.
4 secondary outcomes
Clinical Global Impression- Severity and Improvement (CGI)
Time frame: 2 weeks (start of study to washout period OR two weeks following washout period)
Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS)
Time frame: 2 weeks (start of study to washout period OR two weeks following washout period)
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)
Time frame: 2 weeks (start of study to washout period OR two weeks following washout period)
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)
Time frame: 2 weeks (start of study to washout period OR two weeks following washout period)
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Apr 2022.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 10986728Saxena S, Rauch SL. Functional neuroimaging and the neuroanatomy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2000 Sep;23(3):563-86. doi: 10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70181-7.
- Background: PubMed 3493749Baxter LR Jr, Phelps ME, Mazziotta JC, Guze BH, Schwartz JM, Selin CE. Local cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A comparison with rates in unipolar depression and in normal controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987 Mar;44(3):211-8. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800150017003.
- Background: PubMed 22138231Milad MR, Rauch SL. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: beyond segregated cortico-striatal pathways. Trends Cogn Sci. 2012 Jan;16(1):43-51. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.003. Epub 2011 Dec 2.
- Background: PubMed 11144344Graybiel AM, Rauch SL. Toward a neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuron. 2000 Nov;28(2):343-7. doi: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00113-6. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 24177038Piras F, Piras F, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G. Brain circuitries of obsessive compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Dec;37(10 Pt 2):2856-77. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.10.008. Epub 2013 Oct 28.
- Background: PubMed 17855376Menzies L, Achard S, Chamberlain SR, Fineberg N, Chen CH, del Campo N, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW, Bullmore E. Neurocognitive endophenotypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Brain. 2007 Dec;130(Pt 12):3223-36. doi: 10.1093/brain/awm205. Epub 2007 Sep 13.
- Background: PubMed 18635808Chamberlain SR, Menzies L, Hampshire A, Suckling J, Fineberg NA, del Campo N, Aitken M, Craig K, Owen AM, Bullmore ET, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ. Orbitofrontal dysfunction in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their unaffected relatives. Science. 2008 Jul 18;321(5887):421-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1154433.
- Background: PubMed 10025435Skoog G, Skoog I. A 40-year follow-up of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder [see commetns]. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999 Feb;56(2):121-7. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.56.2.121.
- Background: PubMed 17196050Mancebo MC, Eisen JL, Pinto A, Greenberg BD, Dyck IR, Rasmussen SA. The brown longitudinal obsessive compulsive study: treatments received and patient impressions of improvement. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006 Nov;67(11):1713-20. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v67n1107.
- Background: PubMed 16848654Blanco C, Olfson M, Stein DJ, Simpson HB, Gameroff MJ, Narrow WH. Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder by U.S. psychiatrists. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006 Jun;67(6):946-51. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v67n0611.
- Background: PubMed 25119610Grant JE. Clinical practice: Obsessive-compulsive disorder. N Engl J Med. 2014 Aug 14;371(7):646-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1402176.
- Background: PubMed 15190105Tunbridge EM, Bannerman DM, Sharp T, Harrison PJ. Catechol-o-methyltransferase inhibition improves set-shifting performance and elevates stimulated dopamine release in the rat prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci. 2004 Jun 9;24(23):5331-5. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1124-04.2004.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Jon E Grant, JD,MD,MPH principal investigator
University of Chicago
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2/3 study testing Tolcapone 200 MG in people with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, run by University of Chicago at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Apr 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this combined phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 7 Apr 2022). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) (time frame: 2 weeks (start of study to washout period OR two weeks following washout period)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03348930, which also lists 29 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Apr 2022.