Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseNCT03338894
A Trial of Yoga in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
A study testing Yoga in people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Crohn's Disease, run by Atlantic Health System at 2 sites in United States.
Trial summary
IBD adds additional stressors as a chronic disease that has unpredictable and sometimes embarrassing symptoms to the normal challenges that teenagers face. Stress and how stressful events are perceived, may contribute to worsening of disease. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 10 to 17 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- What is being tested?
- Yoga
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 78 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- 13 Dec 2017to 31 Dec 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 10 to 17 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Both males and females patients with IBD
- Ages 10-17 years
- Not currently practicing specific mind-body techniques (yoga, pranayama - deep breathing, biofeedback, hypnosis, guide imagery)
- Diagnosis of IBD
Who cannot join
- Other chronic systemic disease ex. Rheumatoid arthritis, Cystic fibrosis, Celiac or chronic neurologic conditions
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
United States2 sites
Morristown Memorial Hospital/Goyerb Children's Hospital
Morristown, New Jersey, 07962
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia/Roberts Center for Pediatric Research
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19146
About this study
Official title: A Controlled Trial of Yoga in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
IBD adds additional stressors as a chronic disease that has unpredictable and sometimes embarrassing symptoms to the normal challenges that teenagers face. Stress and how stressful events are perceived, may contribute to worsening of disease. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), are used often by pediatric IBD patients and maybe beneficial in decreasing stress and improving quality of life. Yoga could be a well suited paring with standard medical therapy to decrease and provide a better sense of control and improve quality of life.
Read the detailed description
Approximately 25% of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is diagnosed in the pediatric age group, with the peak age of onset in the adolescent years. IBD adds additional stressors of a chronic disease with unpredictable and potentially embarrassing symptoms to the expected challenges of psychological and social adjustment that teenagers face. Various techniques, such as psychotherapy programs and IBD overnight camp experiences, have been studied to decrease psychological distress and improve quality of life. Stress, and particularly how stressful events are perceived, may play a role in triggering IBD flares. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), especially mind-body techniques are used often by pediatric IBD patients and may be beneficial in decreasing stress and improving quality of life (QOL). Yoga may be well suited as an adjunct to conventional IBD therapy to decrease stress, provide a greater sense of bodily control and improve QOL.
The primary goal of this project is to determine if a structured Yoga program, in addition to standard medical therapy, improves HRQOL in pediatric patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Investigators will also examine if the yoga program improves self efficacy, which is a person's belief about their ability to influence events that affect their lives. Disease response and remission rates will be followed as well, in order to stratify HRQOL outcomes in the yoga group.
Patients will each serve as their own control and complete questionnaires at enrollment and at the start and end of the 12 week group yoga class sessions. They will also complete the questionnaires three months after finishing the class sessions. .The program will consist of a live group class session over 12 weeks. Baseline and follow-up questionnaires will be used to determine there are changes in QOL, self-efficacy, and disease response.
- Being tested
- Yoga
- Medical subject headings
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Crohn Disease, Colitis, Ulcerative
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
YogaBehavioural
1 Hour yoga class
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Yoga group | Other | Each subject will serve as their own control Receives: Behavioral: Yoga |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory
The number of patients diagnosed with Inflammatory Bowel disease that have shown an improved health related quality of life (HRQOL) as assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life survey after a structured yoga program, comparing pre-yoga HRQOL to post-yoga HRQOL. The Peds QOL age related surveys are validated pediatric questionnaires that measure general HRQOL in children ages 8-17 years. They consist of 23 questions in areas of social, school, emotional and physical functioning. The answers are scored on a 5 point scale and then reverse scored and linearly transformed to a scale of 1-100 scale.
Measured: Compared difference from enrollment (time0) to start yoga class (time1), to difference from first yoga class (time1) to last yoga class (time2) 90 days, difference from first yoga class (time1) to 3 months after last yoga class (time 3) 180 days.
Secondary outcomes (1)
General Perceived Self Efficacy Scale
This is a 10 item scale that measures a patient's general sense of perceived self-efficacy, aiming to predict coping with daily life as well as adaptation after stressful life events. The General Self Efficacy Scale is correlated to emotion, optimism, and work satisfaction. Negative coefficients were found for depression, stress, health complaints, burnout and anxiety. The total score is calculated by finding the sum of all item. For the General Self-Efficacy, the total score ranges between 10 to 40, with a higher score indicating more self-efficacy.
Measured: Compared difference from enrollment (time0) to start yoga class (time1), to difference from first yoga class (time1) to last yoga class (time2) 90 days, difference from first yoga class (time1) to 3 months after last yoga class (time 3) 180 days.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted9 Nov 2017
- Study start13 Dec 2017
- Primary completion18 Mar 2020
- Study completion31 Dec 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 78 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Atlantic Health System
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Alycia Leiby, MD, Atlantic Health System
- Investigators
- Alycia Leiby, MD, Principal investigator, Atlantic Health/Goryeb Children's Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03338894
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- YOGAL
- Status last verified
- Sep 2023
- First submitted
- 7 Nov 2017
- Last updated
- 18 Sep 2023
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Shepanski MA, Hurd LB, Culton K, Markowitz JE, Mamula P, Baldassano RN. Health-related quality of life improves in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease after attending a camp sponsored by the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2005 Feb;11(2):164-70. doi: 10.1097/00054725-200502000-00010.
PubMed 15677910McCormick M, Reed-Knight B, Lewis JD, Gold BD, Blount RL. Coping skills for reducing pain and somatic symptoms in adolescents with IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010 Dec;16(12):2148-57. doi: 10.1002/ibd.21302.
PubMed 20848505Singh S, Graff LA, Bernstein CN. Do NSAIDs, antibiotics, infections, or stress trigger flares in IBD? Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 May;104(5):1298-313; quiz 1314. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.15. Epub 2009 Mar 31.
PubMed 19337242Wong AP, Clark AL, Garnett EA, Acree M, Cohen SA, Ferry GD, Heyman MB. Use of complementary medicine in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease: results from a multicenter survey. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 Jan;48(1):55-60. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e318169330f.
PubMed 19172124Markowitz JE, Mamula P, delRosario JF, Baldassano RN, Lewis JD, Jawad AF, Culton K, Strom BL. Patterns of complementary and alternative medicine use in a population of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2004 Sep;10(5):599-605. doi: 10.1097/00054725-200409000-00015.
PubMed 15472521Heuschkel R, Afzal N, Wuerth A, Zurakowski D, Leichtner A, Kemper K, Tolia V, Bousvaros A. Complementary medicine use in children and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002 Feb;97(2):382-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05474.x.
PubMed 11866277Day AS, Whitten KE, Bohane TD. Use of complementary and alternative medicines by children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. J Paediatr Child Health. 2004 Dec;40(12):681-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2004.00510.x.
PubMed 15569284Cotton S, Humenay Roberts Y, Tsevat J, Britto MT, Succop P, McGrady ME, Yi MS. Mind-body complementary alternative medicine use and quality of life in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010 Mar;16(3):501-6. doi: 10.1002/ibd.21045.
PubMed 19705417Kuttner L, Chambers CT, Hardial J, Israel DM, Jacobson K, Evans K. A randomized trial of yoga for adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome. Pain Res Manag. 2006 Winter;11(4):217-23. doi: 10.1155/2006/731628.
PubMed 17149454Otley A, Smith C, Nicholas D, Munk M, Avolio J, Sherman PM, Griffiths AM. The IMPACT questionnaire: a valid measure of health-related quality of life in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2002 Oct;35(4):557-63. doi: 10.1097/00005176-200210000-00018.
PubMed 12394384Hyams J, Markowitz J, Otley A, Rosh J, Mack D, Bousvaros A, Kugathasan S, Pfefferkorn M, Tolia V, Evans J, Treem W, Wyllie R, Rothbaum R, del Rosario J, Katz A, Mezoff A, Oliva-Hemker M, Lerer T, Griffiths A; Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Collaborative Research Group. Evaluation of the pediatric crohn disease activity index: a prospective multicenter experience. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005 Oct;41(4):416-21. doi: 10.1097/01.mpg.0000183350.46795.42.
PubMed 16205508Hyams J, Markowitz J, Lerer T, Griffiths A, Mack D, Bousvaros A, Otley A, Evans J, Pfefferkorn M, Rosh J, Rothbaum R, Kugathasan S, Mezoff A, Wyllie R, Tolia V, delRosario JF, Moyer MS, Oliva-Hemker M, Leleiko N; Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Collaborative Research Group. The natural history of corticosteroid therapy for ulcerative colitis in children. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Sep;4(9):1118-23. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2006.04.008. Epub 2006 Jul 3.
PubMed 16820327Markowitz J, Hyams J, Mack D, Leleiko N, Evans J, Kugathasan S, Pfefferkorn M, Mezoff A, Rosh J, Tolia V, Otley A, Griffiths A, Moyer MS, Oliva-Hemker M, Wyllie R, Rothbaum R, Bousvaros A, Del Rosario JF, Hale S, Lerer T; Pediatric IBD Collaborative Research Group. Corticosteroid therapy in the age of infliximab: acute and 1-year outcomes in newly diagnosed children with Crohn's disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Sep;4(9):1124-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2006.05.011. Epub 2006 Jul 24.
PubMed 16861053Leiby A, Albenberg L, Langseder A, Kennedy M, Pressman N, Chiu S, Rosh JR. A prospective, controlled multisite trial of yoga in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2024 Feb;78(2):272-279. doi: 10.1002/jpn3.12081. Epub 2023 Dec 27.
PubMed 38327225
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 18 Sep 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Controlled Trial of Yoga in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03338894
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- YOGAL
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 78 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Atlantic Health SystemUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 13 Dec 2017 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 18 Mar 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 9 Nov 2017 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 8 Jun 2021
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
IBD adds additional stressors as a chronic disease that has unpredictable and sometimes embarrassing symptoms to the normal challenges that teenagers face. Stress and how stressful events are perceived, may contribute to worsening of disease. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), are used often by pediatric IBD patients and maybe beneficial in decreasing stress and improving quality of life. Yoga could be a well suited paring with standard medical therapy to decrease and provide a better sense of control and improve quality of life.
Detailed description
Approximately 25% of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is diagnosed in the pediatric age group, with the peak age of onset in the adolescent years. IBD adds additional stressors of a chronic disease with unpredictable and potentially embarrassing symptoms to the expected challenges of psychological and social adjustment that teenagers face. Various techniques, such as psychotherapy programs and IBD overnight camp experiences, have been studied to decrease psychological distress and improve quality of life. Stress, and particularly how stressful events are perceived, may play a role in triggering IBD flares. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), especially mind-body techniques are used often by pediatric IBD patients and may be beneficial in decreasing stress and improving quality of life (QOL). Yoga may be well suited as an adjunct to conventional IBD therapy to decrease stress, provide a greater sense of bodily control and improve QOL.
The primary goal of this project is to determine if a structured Yoga program, in addition to standard medical therapy, improves HRQOL in pediatric patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Investigators will also examine if the yoga program improves self efficacy, which is a person's belief about their ability to influence events that affect their lives. Disease response and remission rates will be followed as well, in order to stratify HRQOL outcomes in the yoga group.
Patients will each serve as their own control and complete questionnaires at enrollment and at the start and end of the 12 week group yoga class sessions. They will also complete the questionnaires three months after finishing the class sessions. .The program will consist of a live group class session over 12 weeks. Baseline and follow-up questionnaires will be used to determine there are changes in QOL, self-efficacy, and disease response.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Yoga group | Other | Behavioral: YogaEach subject will serve as their own control |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 10 to 17 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Both males and females patients with IBD
- Ages 10-17 years
- Not currently practicing specific mind-body techniques (yoga, pranayama - deep breathing, biofeedback, hypnosis, guide imagery)
- Diagnosis of IBD
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Other chronic systemic disease ex. Rheumatoid arthritis, Cystic fibrosis, Celiac or chronic neurologic conditions
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Yoga1 Hour yoga class | Behavioural | Yoga group |
Primary outcome
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory
Time frame: Compared difference from enrollment (time0) to start yoga class (time1), to difference from first yoga class (time1) to last yoga class (time2) 90 days, difference from first yoga class (time1) to 3 months after last yoga class (time 3) 180 days.
The number of patients diagnosed with Inflammatory Bowel disease that have shown an improved health related quality of life (HRQOL) as assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life survey after a structured yoga program, comparing pre-yoga HRQOL to post-yoga HRQOL. The Peds QOL age related surveys are validated pediatric questionnaires that measure general HRQOL in children ages 8-17 years. They consist of 23 questions in areas of social, school, emotional and physical functioning. The answers are scored on a 5 point scale and then reverse scored and linearly transformed to a scale of 1-100 scale.
1 secondary outcome
General Perceived Self Efficacy Scale
Time frame: Compared difference from enrollment (time0) to start yoga class (time1), to difference from first yoga class (time1) to last yoga class (time2) 90 days, difference from first yoga class (time1) to 3 months after last yoga class (time 3) 180 days.
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 18 Sep 2023.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 15677910Shepanski MA, Hurd LB, Culton K, Markowitz JE, Mamula P, Baldassano RN. Health-related quality of life improves in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease after attending a camp sponsored by the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2005 Feb;11(2):164-70. doi: 10.1097/00054725-200502000-00010.
- Background: PubMed 20848505McCormick M, Reed-Knight B, Lewis JD, Gold BD, Blount RL. Coping skills for reducing pain and somatic symptoms in adolescents with IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010 Dec;16(12):2148-57. doi: 10.1002/ibd.21302.
- Background: PubMed 19337242Singh S, Graff LA, Bernstein CN. Do NSAIDs, antibiotics, infections, or stress trigger flares in IBD? Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 May;104(5):1298-313; quiz 1314. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.15. Epub 2009 Mar 31.
- Background: PubMed 19172124Wong AP, Clark AL, Garnett EA, Acree M, Cohen SA, Ferry GD, Heyman MB. Use of complementary medicine in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease: results from a multicenter survey. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 Jan;48(1):55-60. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e318169330f.
- Background: PubMed 15472521Markowitz JE, Mamula P, delRosario JF, Baldassano RN, Lewis JD, Jawad AF, Culton K, Strom BL. Patterns of complementary and alternative medicine use in a population of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2004 Sep;10(5):599-605. doi: 10.1097/00054725-200409000-00015.
- Background: PubMed 11866277Heuschkel R, Afzal N, Wuerth A, Zurakowski D, Leichtner A, Kemper K, Tolia V, Bousvaros A. Complementary medicine use in children and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002 Feb;97(2):382-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05474.x.
- Background: PubMed 15569284Day AS, Whitten KE, Bohane TD. Use of complementary and alternative medicines by children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. J Paediatr Child Health. 2004 Dec;40(12):681-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2004.00510.x.
- Background: PubMed 19705417Cotton S, Humenay Roberts Y, Tsevat J, Britto MT, Succop P, McGrady ME, Yi MS. Mind-body complementary alternative medicine use and quality of life in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010 Mar;16(3):501-6. doi: 10.1002/ibd.21045.
- Background: PubMed 17149454Kuttner L, Chambers CT, Hardial J, Israel DM, Jacobson K, Evans K. A randomized trial of yoga for adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome. Pain Res Manag. 2006 Winter;11(4):217-23. doi: 10.1155/2006/731628.
- Background: PubMed 12394384Otley A, Smith C, Nicholas D, Munk M, Avolio J, Sherman PM, Griffiths AM. The IMPACT questionnaire: a valid measure of health-related quality of life in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2002 Oct;35(4):557-63. doi: 10.1097/00005176-200210000-00018.
- Background: PubMed 16205508Hyams J, Markowitz J, Otley A, Rosh J, Mack D, Bousvaros A, Kugathasan S, Pfefferkorn M, Tolia V, Evans J, Treem W, Wyllie R, Rothbaum R, del Rosario J, Katz A, Mezoff A, Oliva-Hemker M, Lerer T, Griffiths A; Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Collaborative Research Group. Evaluation of the pediatric crohn disease activity index: a prospective multicenter experience. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005 Oct;41(4):416-21. doi: 10.1097/01.mpg.0000183350.46795.42.
- Background: PubMed 16820327Hyams J, Markowitz J, Lerer T, Griffiths A, Mack D, Bousvaros A, Otley A, Evans J, Pfefferkorn M, Rosh J, Rothbaum R, Kugathasan S, Mezoff A, Wyllie R, Tolia V, delRosario JF, Moyer MS, Oliva-Hemker M, Leleiko N; Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Collaborative Research Group. The natural history of corticosteroid therapy for ulcerative colitis in children. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Sep;4(9):1118-23. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2006.04.008. Epub 2006 Jul 3.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Alycia Leiby, MD principal investigator
Atlantic Health/Goryeb Children's Hospital
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Yoga in people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Crohn's Disease, run by Atlantic Health System at 2 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 18 Sep 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 8 Jun 2021). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (time frame: Compared difference from enrollment (time0) to start yoga class (time1), to difference from first yoga class (time1) to last yoga class (time2) 90 days, difference from first yoga class (time1) to 3 months after last yoga class (time 3) 180 days.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03338894, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 18 Sep 2023.