Hepatocellular CarcinomaPhase 3HIMALAYANCT03298451
Study of Durvalumab and Tremelimumab as First-line Treatment in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
A Phase 3 study testing Durvalumab, Tremelimumab (Regimen 1) and Tremelimumab (Regimen 2) in people with Hepatocellular Carcinoma, run by AstraZeneca at 160 sites in 17 countries.
Trial summary
This is a randomized, open-label, multi-center, global, Phase III study to assess the efficacy and safety of durvalumab plus tremelimumab combination therapy and durvalumab monotherapy versus sorafenib in the treatment of patients with no prior systemic therapy for unresectable HCC. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 100 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- What is being tested?
- Durvalumab, Tremelimumab (Regimen 1) and Tremelimumab (Regimen 2)
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 1,324 participants
- Where
- 160 sitesin 17 countries
- Study dates
- 11 Oct 2017to 31 Dec 2027
- Phase
- Phase 3
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 100 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- HCC based on histopathological confirmation
- No prior systemic therapy for HCC
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B (that is not eligible for locoregional therapy) or stage C
- Child-Pugh Score class A
- ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 at enrollment
Who cannot join
- Hepatic encephalopathy within past 12 months or requirement for medication to prevent or control encephalopathy
- Clinically meaningful ascites
- Main portal vein tumor thrombosis
- Active or prior documented GI bleeding (eg, esophageal varices or ulcer bleeding) within 12 months
- HBV and HVC co-infection, or HBV and Hep D co-infection
Trial locations and contacts
160 sites in 17 countries.
160 sites in 17 countries
Japan23 sites
Research Site
Bunkyoku
Research Site
Chiba
Research Site
Fukuoka
Research Site
Hiroshima
Research Site
Iizuka
Research Site
Kanazawa
Research Site
Kōtoku
Research Site
Kumamoto
Research Site
Kurume
Research Site
Matsuyama
Research Site
Mitakashi
Research Site
Musashino
Research Site
Nagoya
Research Site
Ōgaki
Research Site
Okayama
Research Site
Osaka
Research Site
Ōsaka-sayama
Research Site
Saga
Research Site
Sapporo
Research Site
Shiwa
Research Site
Suntogun
Research Site
Tsu
Research Site
Yokohama
United States20 sites
Research Site
Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
Research Site
Baltimore, Maryland, 21231
Research Site
Charlotte, North Carolina, 28262
Research Site
Dallas, Texas, 74235
Research Site
Dallas, Texas, 75216
Research Site
Dallas, Texas, 75235
Research Site
Fort Myers, Florida, 33916
Research Site
Houston, Texas, 77030
Research Site
Houston, Texas, 77090
Research Site
Jacksonville, Florida, 32224
Research Site
Los Angeles, California, 90048
Research Site
Murray, Utah, 84107
Research Site
New York, New York, 10065
Research Site
Orange, California, 92868
Research Site
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15237
Research Site
Portland, Oregon, 97213
Research Site
Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
Research Site
San Francisco, California, 94158
Research Site
Washington D.C., District of Columbia, 20007
Research Site
Westwood, Kansas, 66205
China18 sites
Research Site
Beijing
Research Site
Changchun
Research Site
Changsha
Research Site
Chengdu
Research Site
Dalian
Research Site
Fuzhou
Research Site
Guangzhou
Research Site
Hangzhou
Research Site
Harbin
Research Site
Hefei
Research Site
Nanchang
Research Site
Nanjing
Research Site
Nanning
Research Site
Shanghai
Research Site
Suzhou
Research Site
Wuhan
Research Site
Xi'an
Research Site
Zhengzhou
France14 sites
Research Site
Clichy
Research Site
Lille
Research Site
Marseille
Research Site
Montpellier
Research Site
Nancy
Research Site
Nantes
Research Site
Nice
Research Site
Pessac
Research Site
Poitiers
Research Site
Reims
Research Site
Rouen
Research Site
Saint-Etienne
Research Site
Toulouse
Research Site
Villejuif
Germany10 sites
Research Site
Aachen
Research Site
Cologne
Research Site
Essen
Research Site
Hanover
Research Site
Heidelberg
Research Site
Leipzig
Research Site
Mainz
Research Site
München
Research Site
Tübingen
Research Site
Ulm
Canada9 sites
Research Site
Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N2
Research Site
Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1Z2
Research Site
Hamilton, Ontario, L8V 5C2
Research Site
Kingston, Ontario, K7L 2V7
Research Site
London, Ontario, N6A 4L6
Research Site
Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9
Research Site
Québec, Quebec, G1R 2J6
Research Site
Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4
Research Site
Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5
India9 sites
Research Site
Bangalore
Research Site
Bhubneshwar
Research Site
Chennai
Research Site
Hubli
Research Site
Hyderabad
Research Site
Karmsad
Research Site
Mumbai
Research Site
Nashik
Research Site
New Delhi
Italy8 sites
Research Site
Benevento
Research Site
Meldola
Research Site
Milan
Research Site
Naples
Research Site
Perugia
Research Site
Pisa
Research Site
Roma
Research Site
Rozzano
Russia8 sites
Research Site
Moscow
Research Site
Murmansk
Research Site
Nizhny Novgorod
Research Site
Novosibirsk
Research Site
Obninsk
Research Site
Omsk
Research Site
Saint Petersburg
Research Site
Ufa
South Korea8 sites
Research Site
Busan, 49241
Research Site
Daegu, 41944
Research Site
Ilsan, Gyeonggi-do, 10408
Research Site
Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620
Research Site
Seoul, 3080
Research Site
Seoul, 3722
Research Site
Seoul, 5505
Research Site
Seoul, 6351
Ukraine8 sites
Research Site
Dnipro
Research Site
IvanoFrankivsk
Research Site
Kharkiv
Research Site
Kropyvnitskyi
Research Site
Kyiv
Research Site
Lviv
Research Site
Odesa
Research Site
Uzhhorod
Brazil6 sites
Research Site
Barretos
Research Site
Curitiba
Research Site
Florianópolis
Research Site
Porto Alegre
Research Site
Rio de Janeiro
Research Site
São Paulo
Taiwan6 sites
Research Site
Chiayi City
Research Site
Kaohsiung City
Research Site
Taichung
Research Site
Tainan
Research Site
Taipei
Research Site
Taoyuan
Spain5 sites
Research Site
Barcelona
Research Site
Madrid
Research Site
Oviedo
Research Site
Pamplona Madrid
Research Site
Santander
Thailand5 sites
Research Site
Bangkok
Research Site
Chang Mai
Research Site
Khon Kaen
Research Site
Phitsanulok
Research Site
Songkhla
About this study
Official title: A Randomized, Open-label, Multi-center Phase III Study of Durvalumab and Tremelimumab as First-line Treatment in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
This is a randomized, open-label, multi-center, global, Phase III study to assess the efficacy and safety of durvalumab plus tremelimumab combination therapy and durvalumab monotherapy versus sorafenib in the treatment of patients with no prior systemic therapy for unresectable HCC. The patients cannot be eligible for locoregional therapy
Read the detailed description
The study population includes patients 18 years of age or older with advanced HCC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B not eligible for locoregional therapy or stage C, and Child-Pugh A classification liver disease. Patients must not have received any prior systemic therapy for unresectable HCC.
Patients in all treatment arms may continue receiving their originally assigned treatment, at the Investigator's discretion, until progression
Patients in all arms with confirmed PD who, in the Investigator's opinion, continue to receive benefit from their assigned treatment and meet the criteria for treatment in the setting of PD may continue to receive their assigned treatment.
If a patient discontinues study drug(s) due to disease progression, the patient will enter survival follow-up. Patients who have discontinued treatment due to toxicity or symptomatic deterioration or who have commenced subsequent anticancer therapy, will have tumor assessments until confirmed PD and will be followed for survival
- Conditions
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Being tested
- Durvalumab, Tremelimumab (Regimen 1), Tremelimumab (Regimen 2), Sorafenib, Durvalumab (Regimen 1)
- Keywords
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma Non-Resectable
- Medical subject headings
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
DurvalumabDrug
Also called MEDI4736
Durvalumab IV (intravenous infusion).
Tremelimumab (Regimen 1)Drug
Tremelimumab IV (intravenous infusion).
Tremelimumab (Regimen 2)Drug
Tremelimumab IV (intravenous infusion).
SorafenibDrug
Sorafenib, as per standard of care
Durvalumab (Regimen 1)Drug
Durvalumab IV (intravenous infusion).
Durvalumab (Regimen 2)Drug
Durvalumab IV (intravenous infusion).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Arm 1 | Experimental | Durvalumab Receives: Drug: Durvalumab |
| Arm 2 | Experimental | Durvalumab in combination with tremelimumab (Regimen 1) Receives: Drug: Tremelimumab (Regimen 1); Drug: Durvalumab (Regimen 1) |
| Arm 3 | Experimental | Durvalumab in combination with tremelimumab (Regimen 2) Receives: Drug: Tremelimumab (Regimen 2); Drug: Durvalumab (Regimen 2) |
| Arm 4 | Active comparator | Sorafenib Receives: Drug: Sorafenib |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Overall Survival (OS) - Treme 300 mg x1 Dose + Durva 1500 mg vs Sora 400 mg
OS was defined as the time from the date of randomization until death due to any cause, regardless of whether the participant withdrew from randomized therapy or received another anticancer therapy. Any participant not known to have died at the DCO date was censored based on the last recorded date on which the participant was known to be alive. If the last known date alive or if the date of death was after the DCO date, participants were censored at the DCO date. This primary outcome measure presents OS analysis of Treme 300mg x1 dose + Durva 1500 mg vs Sora 400 mg at the time of the final analysis DCO (27Aug2021).
Measured: From the date of randomization until death due to any cause, assessed up to the data cut-off date (27Aug2021, to a maximum of approximately 46 months).
Secondary outcomes (16)
Overall Survival (OS) - Durva 1500 mg vs Sora 400 mg
OS was defined as the time from the date of randomization until death due to any cause, regardless of whether the participant withdrew from randomized therapy or received another anticancer therapy. Any participant not known to have died at the DCO date was censored based on the last recorded date on which the participant was known to be alive. If the last known date alive or if the date of death was after the DCO date, participants were censored at the DCO date. This secondary outcome measure presents OS analysis of Durva 1500 mg vs Sora 400 mg at the time of the final analysis DCO (27Aug2021).
Measured: From the date of randomization until death due to any cause, assessed up to the data cut-off date (27Aug2021, to a maximum of approximately 46 months).
Overall Survival (OS) at 18, 24, and 36 Months After Randomization
Percentage of participants who were alive at fixed time points (18, 24, and 36 months) after randomization. The estimated percentage of survival along with the 95% confidence interval were calculated using Kaplan-Meier technique on the full analysis set.
Measured: At 18, 24, and 36 months post-randomization. Assessed at the final analysis DCO (27Aug2021).
Progression Free Survival (PFS)
PFS (per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1 [RECIST 1.1] using Investigator assessments) was defined as the time from the date of randomization until the date of objective disease progression or death by any cause in the absence of progression, regardless of whether the patient withdrew from study treatment or received another anticancer therapy prior to progression. Progression (i.e., PD) was defined as a at least 20% increase in the sum of diameters of TLs, taking as reference the smallest previous sum of diameters (nadir) - this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm from nadir.
Measured: Tumor scans performed at baseline, every 8 weeks for the first 48 weeks following randomization, and every 12 weeks thereafter until RECIST 1.1-defined progression. Assessed up to DCO (27Aug2021, to a maximum of approximately 46 months)
Time To Progression (TTP)
TTP was defined as the time from randomization until objective tumor progression in the absence of death. If participants died without tumor progression, they were censored at the time of death.
Measured: From the date of randomization until objective tumor progression, assessed until the final analysis DCO (27Aug2021, to a maximum of approximately 46 months).
Objective Response Rate (ORR)
ORR (per RECIST 1.1 as assessed by the Investigator) was defined as the number (%) of participants with at least 1 confirmed visit response of CR or PR until progression, or the last evaluable assessment in the absence of progression. Participants who go off treatment without progression, receive a subsequent therapy, and then respond will not be included as responders in the ORR. Complete response (ie., CR) was defined as disappearance of all target lesions (TLs) since baseline. Any pathological lymph nodes selected as TLs must have a reduction in short axis diameter to <10 mm. Partial response (ie., PR) was defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the diameter of TL, taking as reference the baseline sum of diameters.
Measured: From the date of randomization until objective tumor progression, assessed until the final analysis DCO (27Aug2021, to a maximum of approximately 46 months).
Disease Control Rate (DCR)
Number (%) of participants with a Best Objective Response (BoR) of CR, PR, or SD. Complete response (ie., CR) was defined as disappearance of all target lesions (TLs) since baseline. Any pathological lymph nodes selected as TLs must have a reduction in short axis diameter to <10 mm. Partial response (ie., PR) was defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the diameter of TL, taking as reference the baseline sum of diameters. Stable disease (ie., SD) was defined as neither sufficient decrease in sum of diameters to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for progression.
Measured: From the date of randomization until objective tumor progression or date of death, assessed until the final analysis DCO (27Aug2021, to a maximum of approximately 46 months).
Duration of Objective Response (DoR)
Time from the date of first documented confirmed response (complete or partial response) until the first date of documented progression or death in the absence of disease progression. Complete response (ie., CR) was defined as disappearance of all target lesions (TLs) since baseline. Any pathological lymph nodes selected as TLs must have a reduction in short axis diameter to <10 mm. Partial response (ie., PR) was defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the diameter of TL, taking as reference the baseline sum of diameters.
Measured: From the date of first documented response until the first date of documented progression or death, assessed until the final analysis DCO (27Aug2021, to a maximum of approximately 46 months).
Overall Survival (OS) by PD-L1
Overall survival by baseline PD-L1 expression levels (positive vs. negative). PD-L1 expression level is based on the Tumor and Immune Cell Positivity (TIP) score method as: PD-L1 Positive (TIP ≥ 1%) or PD-L1 Negative (TIP < 1%).
Measured: From the date of randomization until death due to any cause, assessed until the final analysis DCO (27Aug2021, to a maximum of approximately 46 months).
EORTC QLQ-C30 Time to Global Health Status/QoL Deterioration
European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) 30-item core quality of life questionnaire (QLQ-C30), which consists of 30 questions combined to produce a global health status/QoL scale. Higher scores indicate better health. A clinically meaningful deterioration is defined as a decrease in the score from baseline of ≥10. Time to deterioration is defined as the time from the date of randomization until the date of the first clinically meaningful deterioration that is confirmed at a subsequent visit or death by any cause in the absence of a clinically meaningful deterioration, regardless of whether the patient discontinues study drug(s) or receives another anticancer therapy.
Measured: At baseline and every 8 weeks for the first 48 weeks and then every 12 weeks thereafter until death or the final analysis DCO (27Aug2021), assessed up to approximately 46 months.
EORTC QLQ-HCC18 Time to Symptom (Abdominal Pain) Deterioration
EORTC 18-item hepatocellular cancer health-related quality of life questionnaire (QLQ-HCC18) is an 18-item questionnaire design used along with the 30-item EORTC QLQ-C30, which includes 8 symptom scales such as fatigue, jaundice, body image, nutrition, pain, fever, sex life and abdominal swelling. A high score for a symptom scale/item represents a high level of symptomatology/problem. A clinically meaningful deterioration is defined as an increase in the score from baseline of ≥10. Time to deterioration is defined as the time from the date of randomization until the date of the first clinically meaningful deterioration that is confirmed at a subsequent visit or death by any cause in the absence of a clinically meaningful deterioration, regardless of whether the patient discontinues study drug(s) or receives another anticancer therapy.
Measured: At baseline and every 8 weeks for the first 48 weeks and then every 12 weeks thereafter until death or the final analysis DCO (27Aug2021), assessed up to approximately 46 months.
EORTC QLQ-HCC18 Time to Symptom (Shoulder Pain) Deterioration
EORTC 18-item hepatocellular cancer health-related quality of life questionnaire (QLQ-HCC18) is an 18-item questionnaire design used along with the 30-item EORTC QLQ-C30, which includes 8 symptom scales such as fatigue, jaundice, body image, nutrition, pain, fever, sex life and abdominal swelling. A high score for a symptom scale/item represents a high level of symptomatology/problem. A clinically meaningful deterioration is defined as an increase in the score from baseline of ≥10. Time to deterioration is defined as the time from the date of randomization until the date of the first clinically meaningful deterioration that is confirmed at a subsequent visit or death by any cause in the absence of a clinically meaningful deterioration, regardless of whether the patient discontinues study drug(s) or receives another anticancer therapy.
Measured: At baseline and every 8 weeks for the first 48 weeks and then every 12 weeks thereafter until death or the final analysis DCO (27Aug2021), assessed up to approximately 46 months.
EORTC QLQ-HCC18 Time to Symptom (Abdominal Swelling) Deterioration
EORTC 18-item hepatocellular cancer health-related quality of life questionnaire (QLQ-HCC18) is an 18-item questionnaire design used along with the 30-item EORTC QLQ-C30, which includes 8 symptom scales such as fatigue, jaundice, body image, nutrition, pain, fever, sex life and abdominal swelling. A high score for a symptom scale/item represents a high level of symptomatology/problem. A clinically meaningful deterioration is defined as an increase in the score from baseline of ≥10. Time to deterioration is defined as the time from the date of randomization until the date of the first clinically meaningful deterioration that is confirmed at a subsequent visit or death by any cause in the absence of a clinically meaningful deterioration, regardless of whether the patient discontinues study drug(s) or receives another anticancer therapy.
Measured: At baseline and every 8 weeks for the first 48 weeks and then every 12 weeks thereafter until death or the final analysis DCO (27Aug2021), assessed up to approximately 46 months.
Presence of ADA for Durvalumab
Number of participants with Anti-Drug Antibody (ADA) response to Durvalumab. ADA positive post-baseline only was also referred to as treatment-induced ADA. Treatment-emergent ADA was defined as the sum of treatment-induced ADA and treatment-boosted ADA. Results are reported as number of participants with ADA responses to Durvalumab for each indicated category.
Measured: Samples were collected on Day 1 (Week 0), Week 12 and at 3 months after the last dose of durvalumab. Assessed until the final analysis DCO (27Aug2021, to a maximum of approximately 46 months).
Presence of ADA for Tremelimumab
Number of participants with Anti-Drug Antibody (ADA) response to Tremelimumab. ADA positive post-baseline only was also referred to as treatment-induced ADA. Treatment-emergent ADA was defined as the sum of treatment-induced ADA and treatment-boosted ADA. Results are reported as number of participants with ADA responses to Tremelimumab for each indicated category.
Measured: Samples were collected on Day 1 (Week 0), Week 12 and at 3 months after the last dose of tremelimumab. Assessed up to approximately 46 months after the first randomization.
Summary of Durvalumab Concentration Over Time
Blood sample were collected at pre-specified timepoints and Durvalumab concentrations in serum (ug/mL) were reported over time.
Measured: To evaluate the PK of Durvalumab, samples were collected pre-dose at week 4 and week 12 and post-dose at week 12. Assessed at the final analysis DCO (27Aug2021).
Summary of Tremelimumab Concentration Over Time
Blood sample were collected at pre-specified timepoints and Tremelimumab concentrations in serum (ug/mL) were reported over time.
Measured: To evaluate the PK of Tremelimumab, samples were collected at week 0 (post-dose), week 4, and week 12. Assessed at the final analysis DCO (27Aug2021).
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Oct 2017
- Study start11 Oct 2017
- Primary completion27 Aug 2021
- Study completion31 Dec 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Hepatocellular CarcinomaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by AstraZenecaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 1,324 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- AstraZeneca
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03298451
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- D419CC00002
- Other IDs
- 2024-512212-21-00, 2016-005126-11, 2016
- Acronym
- HIMALAYA
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 19 Sep 2017
- Last updated
- 7 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Rimassa L, Chan SL, Sangro B, Lau G, Kudo M, Reig M, Breder V, Ryu MH, Ostapenko Y, Sukeepaisarnjaroen W, Varela M, Tougeron D, Crysler OV, Bouattour M, Dao TV, Tam VC, Faccio A, Furuse J, Jeng LB, Kang YK, Kelley RK, Kurland JF, Balaji K, Abou-Alfa GK. Plain language summary of five-year overall survival update from the HIMALAYA study of tremelimumab plus durvalumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer). Future Oncol. 2026 May;22(12):1359-1372. doi: 10.1080/14796694.2026.2665323. Epub 2026 May 10.
PubMed 42108643Chan SL, Kudo M, Sangro B, Kelley RK, Kim JH, Pham B, Hong JY, Waldschmidt DT, Marino D, Joycelyn Lee JX, Gerolami R, Burgoyne AM, Li Q, Nakamura H, Sun P, Baur B, Rimassa L. Early Safety Results from the Phase 3b SIERRA Study of Durvalumab and Tremelimumab as First-Line Treatment for Participants with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma and a Poor Prognosis. Liver Cancer. 2025 Dec 18. doi: 10.1159/000549955. Online ahead of print.
PubMed 41585428Rimassa L, Chan SL, Sangro B, Lau G, Kudo M, Reig M, Breder V, Ryu MH, Ostapenko Y, Sukeepaisarnjaroen W, Varela M, Tougeron D, Crysler OV, Bouattour M, Van Dao T, Tam VC, Faccio A, Furuse J, Jeng LB, Kang YK, Kelley RK, Paskow MJ, Ran D, Xynos I, Kurland JF, Negro A, Abou-Alfa GK. Five-year overall survival update from the HIMALAYA study of tremelimumab plus durvalumab in unresectable HCC. J Hepatol. 2025 Oct;83(4):899-908. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2025.03.033. Epub 2025 Apr 11.
PubMed 40222621Lau G, Abou-Alfa GK, Cheng AL, Sukeepaisarnjaroen W, Van Dao T, Kang YK, Thungappa SC, Kudo M, Sangro B, Kelley RK, Furuse J, Park JW, Sunpaweravong P, Fasolo A, Yau T, Kawaoka T, Azevedo S, Reig M, Assenat E, Yarchoan M, He AR, Makowsky M, Gupta C, Negro A, Chan SL. Outcomes in the Asian subgroup of the phase III randomised HIMALAYA study of tremelimumab plus durvalumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2025 Feb;82(2):258-267. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.07.017. Epub 2024 Jul 31.
PubMed 39089633Sangro B, Galle PR, Kelley RK, Charoentum C, De Toni EN, Ostapenko Y, Heo J, Cheng AL, Wilson Woods A, Gupta C, Abraham J, McCoy CL, Patel N, Negro A, Vogel A, Abou-Alfa GK. Patient-Reported Outcomes From the Phase III HIMALAYA Study of Tremelimumab Plus Durvalumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2024 Aug 10;42(23):2790-2799. doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.01462. Epub 2024 May 28.
PubMed 38805668Abou-Alfa GK, Lau G, Kudo M, Chan SL, Kelley RK, Furuse J, Sukeepaisarnjaroen W, Kang YK, Van Dao T, De Toni EN, Rimassa L, Breder V, Vasilyev A, Heurgue A, Tam VC, Mody K, Thungappa SC, Ostapenko Y, Yau T, Azevedo S, Varela M, Cheng AL, Qin S, Galle PR, Ali S, Marcovitz M, Makowsky M, He P, Kurland JF, Negro A, Sangro B. Tremelimumab plus Durvalumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. NEJM Evid. 2022 Aug;1(8):EVIDoa2100070. doi: 10.1056/EVIDoa2100070. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
PubMed 38319892Addendum 1: Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer. 2023 Sep;11(9):e002794add1. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002794add1. No abstract available.
PubMed 37678916Patel TH, Brewer JR, Fan J, Cheng J, Shen YL, Xiang Y, Zhao H, Lemery SJ, Pazdur R, Kluetz PG, Fashoyin-Aje LA. FDA Approval Summary: Tremelimumab in Combination with Durvalumab for the Treatment of Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2024 Jan 17;30(2):269-273. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-23-2124.
PubMed 37676259