Surveys and QuestionnairesNCT03162835
Development and Clinimetric Properties of the Dutch Pediatric Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire in Healthy Children
An observational study of Surveys and Questionnaires and Child, run by Vrije Universiteit Brussel at 1 site in Belgium.
Trial summary
The scientific objective of this research implies developing and examining the clinimetric properties of the Dutch Pediatric Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (PedNPQ) in healthy children. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 8 to 12 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Surveys and Questionnaires, Child, Pain
- What is being tested?
- Pain Neuroscience Education
- How many people
- 111 participants
- Where
- 1 siteBelgium
- Study dates
- 12 Jun 2017to 22 Sep 2018
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 8 to 12 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Study population: Healthy children will be recruited via announcements in several schools. Children will be eligible for study participation if they meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Who may be able to join
- Healthy children
- Informed consent
Who cannot join
- Previous pain education
- Chronic pain
- Insufficient knowledge of the Dutch language
- Mental retardation
- Parent with chronic pain
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
The scientific objective of this research implies developing and examining the clinimetric properties of the Dutch Pediatric Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (PedNPQ) in healthy children.
A total study sample of 60 healthy children (30 from 2nd and 3rd primary school) will be included to measure test-retest reliability of the Pediatric Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (PedNPQ). Children will be asked to fill in the questionnaire twice, with a time interval of 48 hours (assessment T0 and T1).
Read more
In order to assess concurrent validity of the PedNPQ, 30 children (15 from 2nd and 3rd primary school) as well as their parent will receive a pediatric Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) session. It is hypothesized that if the developed PedNPQ is valid, children who received PNE will perform better than children receiving no PNE.
To reduce the participant's workload, all assessments will be done immediately after the school hours or during recreation, in the primary school of the participant.
Read the detailed description
Pain is a common and daily experience among children that is usually short-term, causing little to moderate discomfort. Yet, a substantial number of children experience chronic pain. Persistent pain periods mainly affect the children's school attendance and participation in recreational activities, possibly leading to academic impairments and social exclusion. Even worse is the children's greater predisposition to develop chronic pain into adulthood. Considering these disadvantages, children suffering from chronic pain should be treated as fast as possible and in the most optimal way. The existing literature on management in children with chronic pain encourages a multidisciplinary approach involving physical therapy and psychological interventions (i.e. cognitive behavioural therapy).
Recently, the application of Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) as an intervention on its own, as well as in combination with another form of therapy (such as physiotherapy or cognitive- behavioural therapy) is receiving growing interest in the pediatric field of chronic pain. PNE aims to make people understand how their pain is produced and enables them to integrate this understanding into their everyday lives and subsequent treatment components. This innovative education style has shown to be effective in various adult chronic pain populations, by improving the patients' pain coping strategies and health status, and changing their pain beliefs. Although, no study examined the effectiveness of PNE in the context of chronic pediatric pain. The hypothetical efficacy of pediatric PNE is based on previous findings in adult research that a better understanding of the nature of the illness results in improved patient outcomes. When children do not understand the origin of their pain, they might develop irrational beliefs and fears (including catastrophizing) about their pain, sustaining the vicious circle of chronic pain. Indeed, the information and context in which children perceive their pain, has been shown to modulate pain expectations and emotional response to pain. Since research findings showed that even parental beliefs about the aetiology of the child's pain influences the child's pain outcomes, the role of parents as 'pain modulators' might not be underestimated. Therefore, parents should be involved during PNE.
Before and subsequent to providing children and their parents with PNE, it might be interesting to assess their previous knowledge and the change in knowledge about the neurophysiology of pain. To date, this aspect can be evaluated in adults by using the Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (NPQ), a questionnaire developed and published by Moseley et al.. This instrument assesses the patients' reconceptualization of pain, and is validated in English and in Dutch. The questionnaire consists of 19 items and was originally based on examination papers of postgraduate medicine students. Various studies have used the NPQ to evaluated pain-related knowledge in adult chronic pain populations, such as chronic low back pain, chronic fatigue syndrome and chronic whiplash associated disorder. Additionally, previous research suggested the use of the NPQ in a study protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of brief education in the prevention of chronic low-back pain in an at-risk population. Noteworthy, the NPQ is also commonly used in clinical practice as a guideline for clinicians during educational sessions about chronic musculoskeletal pain. Previous research has proven adequate clinimetric properties of the English and Dutch version. One study, using a Rash analysis to evaluate the clinimetric properties of the NPQ in an adult chronic spinal population, found the NPQ to have (1) an acceptable internal consistency to assess individuals, (2) to be effective in targeting the ability of a typical group of chronic pain patients, (3) to be a unidimensional scale and (4) to have good test-retest reliability. Examination of the Dutch version showed fair reliability when retesting occurred within 24 hours, acceptable test-retest reliability and one dimensionality of the questionnaire. To conclude, the NPQ has proven to be a reliable and valid measurement instrument for determining the understanding and knowledge of neurophysiology of pain in adult chronic pain populations and healthcare professionals.
Based on this evidence in adults, it may be valuable to develop and examine the clinimetric properties of a Dutch Pediatric Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (PedNPQ) to determine pain knowledge gaps in children.
- Conditions
- Surveys and Questionnaires, Child, Pain, Knowledge, Validation
- Being tested
- Pain Neuroscience Education
- Keywords
- Pain Neuroscience Education
- Medical subject headings
- Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Pain Neuroscience EducationOther
Children as well as their parents will receive a +/- 1h one-on-one educational session about the neurophysiology of pain, adjusted to the child's comprehension status. Parents will be present in the PNE session too. The PNE program for children contains two sections: (1) The healthy pain system and its function, divided in subsections each consisting of a specific neurophysiological pain concept (i.e. central nervous system anatomy, nociception and nociceptive pathways, up- and down-regulation of the nervous system) and (2) adaptations of the pain system following persistent pain. To ensure interaction between therapist and child, an interactive board game was developed and used throughout the full educational session.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Educated group | Children within this group will receive Pain Neuroscience Education. Receives: Other: Pain Neuroscience Education | |
| Non-educated group | Children within this group will not receive Pain Neuroscience Education |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Reliability of the Pediatric Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (PedNPQ)
In order to evaluate test-retest reliability of the test, the two-way mixed infraclass correlation coefficient will be calculated.
Measured: Baseline - 48 hours after baseline
Secondary outcomes (2)
Concurrent validity of the Pediatric Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (PedNPQ)
The validity of the test will be assessed by comparing the test results of the children who received PNE with the children who did not receive PNE.
Measured: immediately after Pain Neuroscience education (PNE) (48 hours following baseline)
Responsivity of the Pediatric Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire
The responsivity of the test will be assessed by comparing the child's baseline responses to the test with their responses after Pain Neuroscience Education.
Measured: Baseline, immediately after Pain Neuroscience education (PNE) and 1 week following PNE
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 May 2017
- Study start12 Jun 2017
- Primary completion22 Sep 2018
- Study completion22 Sep 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (25)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Surveys and QuestionnairesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Vrije Universiteit BrusselThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 111 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Universiteit Antwerpen
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Roselien Pas, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- Investigators
- Roselien Pas, Dra, Principal investigator, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03162835
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Eduvalid Study (Part 1)
- Status last verified
- Oct 2018
- First submitted
- 17 May 2017
- Last updated
- 11 Oct 2018
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: IPD will not be shared with other researchers.
Publications
Perquin CW, Hazebroek-Kampschreur AAJM, Hunfeld JAM, Bohnen AM, van Suijlekom-Smit LWA, Passchier J, van der Wouden JC. Pain in children and adolescents: a common experience. Pain. 2000 Jul;87(1):51-58. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00269-4.
PubMed 10863045Pergolizzi J, Ahlbeck K, Aldington D, Alon E, Coluzzi F, Dahan A, Huygen F, Kocot-Kepska M, Mangas AC, Mavrocordatos P, Morlion B, Muller-Schwefe G, Nicolaou A, Perez Hernandez C, Sichere P, Schafer M, Varrassi G. The development of chronic pain: physiological CHANGE necessitates a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Curr Med Res Opin. 2013 Sep;29(9):1127-35. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2013.810615. Epub 2013 Jul 3.
PubMed 23786498Goodman JE, McGrath PJ. The epidemiology of pain in children and adolescents: a review. Pain. 1991 Sep;46(3):247-264. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(91)90108-A. No abstract available.
PubMed 1758709Simons LE, Basch MC. State of the art in biobehavioral approaches to the management of chronic pain in childhood. Pain Manag. 2016;6(1):49-61. doi: 10.2217/pmt.15.59. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
PubMed 26678858Korterink JJ, Diederen K, Benninga MA, Tabbers MM. Epidemiology of pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015 May 20;10(5):e0126982. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126982. eCollection 2015.
PubMed 25992621Roth-Isigkeit A, Thyen U, Stoven H, Schwarzenberger J, Schmucker P. Pain among children and adolescents: restrictions in daily living and triggering factors. Pediatrics. 2005 Feb;115(2):e152-62. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-0682.
PubMed 15687423Vervoort T, Logan DE, Goubert L, De Clercq B, Hublet A. Severity of pediatric pain in relation to school-related functioning and teacher support: an epidemiological study among school-aged children and adolescents. Pain. 2014 Jun;155(6):1118-1127. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.02.021. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
PubMed 24631587Landry BW, Fischer PR, Driscoll SW, Koch KM, Harbeck-Weber C, Mack KJ, Wilder RT, Bauer BA, Brandenburg JE. Managing Chronic Pain in Children and Adolescents: A Clinical Review. PM R. 2015 Nov;7(11 Suppl):S295-S315. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.09.006.
PubMed 26568508Goddard JM. Chronic pain in children and young people. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2011 Jun;5(2):158-63. doi: 10.1097/SPC.0b013e328345832d.
PubMed 21415756Robins H, Perron V, Heathcote LC, Simons LE. Pain Neuroscience Education: State of the Art and Application in Pediatrics. Children (Basel). 2016 Dec 21;3(4):43. doi: 10.3390/children3040043.
PubMed 28009822Moseley GL, Butler DS. Fifteen Years of Explaining Pain: The Past, Present, and Future. J Pain. 2015 Sep;16(9):807-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.05.005. Epub 2015 Jun 5.
PubMed 26051220Louw A, Diener I, Butler DS, Puentedura EJ. The effect of neuroscience education on pain, disability, anxiety, and stress in chronic musculoskeletal pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011 Dec;92(12):2041-56. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.07.198.
PubMed 22133255Van Oosterwijck J, Meeus M, Paul L, De Schryver M, Pascal A, Lambrecht L, Nijs J. Pain physiology education improves health status and endogenous pain inhibition in fibromyalgia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Clin J Pain. 2013 Oct;29(10):873-82. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31827c7a7d.
PubMed 23370076Nijs J, Paul van Wilgen C, Van Oosterwijck J, van Ittersum M, Meeus M. How to explain central sensitization to patients with 'unexplained' chronic musculoskeletal pain: practice guidelines. Man Ther. 2011 Oct;16(5):413-8. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2011.04.005. Epub 2011 May 31.
PubMed 21632273Moseley L. Combined physiotherapy and education is efficacious for chronic low back pain. Aust J Physiother. 2002;48(4):297-302. doi: 10.1016/s0004-9514(14)60169-0.
PubMed 12443524
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Oct 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Development and Clinimetric Properties of the Dutch Pediatric Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire in Healthy Children
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03162835
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Eduvalid Study (Part 1)
- Conditions
- Surveys and Questionnaires, Child, Pain, Knowledge, Validation
- Keywords
- Pain Neuroscience Education
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 111 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Vrije Universiteit BrusselUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Universiteit Antwerpen
- Study start
- 12 Jun 2017 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 22 Sep 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 22 Sep 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 22 May 2017 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The scientific objective of this research implies developing and examining the clinimetric properties of the Dutch Pediatric Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (PedNPQ) in healthy children.
A total study sample of 60 healthy children (30 from 2nd and 3rd primary school) will be included to measure test-retest reliability of the Pediatric Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (PedNPQ). Children will be asked to fill in the questionnaire twice, with a time interval of 48 hours (assessment T0 and T1).
In order to assess concurrent validity of the PedNPQ, 30 children (15 from 2nd and 3rd primary school) as well as their parent will receive a pediatric Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) session. It is hypothesized that if the developed PedNPQ is valid, children who received PNE will perform better than children receiving no PNE.
To reduce the participant's workload, all assessments will be done immediately after the school hours or during recreation, in the primary school of the participant.
Detailed description
Pain is a common and daily experience among children that is usually short-term, causing little to moderate discomfort. Yet, a substantial number of children experience chronic pain. Persistent pain periods mainly affect the children's school attendance and participation in recreational activities, possibly leading to academic impairments and social exclusion. Even worse is the children's greater predisposition to develop chronic pain into adulthood. Considering these disadvantages, children suffering from chronic pain should be treated as fast as possible and in the most optimal way. The existing literature on management in children with chronic pain encourages a multidisciplinary approach involving physical therapy and psychological interventions (i.e. cognitive behavioural therapy).
Recently, the application of Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) as an intervention on its own, as well as in combination with another form of therapy (such as physiotherapy or cognitive- behavioural therapy) is receiving growing interest in the pediatric field of chronic pain. PNE aims to make people understand how their pain is produced and enables them to integrate this understanding into their everyday lives and subsequent treatment components. This innovative education style has shown to be effective in various adult chronic pain populations, by improving the patients' pain coping strategies and health status, and changing their pain beliefs. Although, no study examined the effectiveness of PNE in the context of chronic pediatric pain. The hypothetical efficacy of pediatric PNE is based on previous findings in adult research that a better understanding of the nature of the illness results in improved patient outcomes. When children do not understand the origin of their pain, they might develop irrational beliefs and fears (including catastrophizing) about their pain, sustaining the vicious circle of chronic pain. Indeed, the information and context in which children perceive their pain, has been shown to modulate pain expectations and emotional response to pain. Since research findings showed that even parental beliefs about the aetiology of the child's pain influences the child's pain outcomes, the role of parents as 'pain modulators' might not be underestimated. Therefore, parents should be involved during PNE.
Before and subsequent to providing children and their parents with PNE, it might be interesting to assess their previous knowledge and the change in knowledge about the neurophysiology of pain. To date, this aspect can be evaluated in adults by using the Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (NPQ), a questionnaire developed and published by Moseley et al.. This instrument assesses the patients' reconceptualization of pain, and is validated in English and in Dutch. The questionnaire consists of 19 items and was originally based on examination papers of postgraduate medicine students. Various studies have used the NPQ to evaluated pain-related knowledge in adult chronic pain populations, such as chronic low back pain, chronic fatigue syndrome and chronic whiplash associated disorder. Additionally, previous research suggested the use of the NPQ in a study protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of brief education in the prevention of chronic low-back pain in an at-risk population. Noteworthy, the NPQ is also commonly used in clinical practice as a guideline for clinicians during educational sessions about chronic musculoskeletal pain. Previous research has proven adequate clinimetric properties of the English and Dutch version. One study, using a Rash analysis to evaluate the clinimetric properties of the NPQ in an adult chronic spinal population, found the NPQ to have (1) an acceptable internal consistency to assess individuals, (2) to be effective in targeting the ability of a typical group of chronic pain patients, (3) to be a unidimensional scale and (4) to have good test-retest reliability. Examination of the Dutch version showed fair reliability when retesting occurred within 24 hours, acceptable test-retest reliability and one dimensionality of the questionnaire. To conclude, the NPQ has proven to be a reliable and valid measurement instrument for determining the understanding and knowledge of neurophysiology of pain in adult chronic pain populations and healthcare professionals.
Based on this evidence in adults, it may be valuable to develop and examine the clinimetric properties of a Dutch Pediatric Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (PedNPQ) to determine pain knowledge gaps in children.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Educated group | – | Other: Pain Neuroscience EducationChildren within this group will receive Pain Neuroscience Education. |
| Non-educated group | – | –Children within this group will not receive Pain Neuroscience Education |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 8 to 12 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
- Study population
- Healthy children will be recruited via announcements in several schools. Children will be eligible for study participation if they meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Healthy children
- Informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Previous pain education
- Chronic pain
- Insufficient knowledge of the Dutch language
- Mental retardation
- Parent with chronic pain
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Neuroscience EducationChildren as well as their parents will receive a +/- 1h one-on-one educational session about the neurophysiology of pain, adjusted to the child's comprehension status. Parents will be present in the PNE session too. The PNE program for children contains two sections: (1) The healthy pain system and its function, divided in subsections each consisting of a specific neurophysiological pain concept (i.e. central nervous system anatomy, nociception and nociceptive pathways, up- and down-regulation of the nervous system) and (2) adaptations of the pain system following persistent pain. To ensure interaction between therapist and child, an interactive board game was developed and used throughout the full educational session. | Other | Educated group |
Primary outcome
Reliability of the Pediatric Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (PedNPQ)
Time frame: Baseline - 48 hours after baseline
In order to evaluate test-retest reliability of the test, the two-way mixed infraclass correlation coefficient will be calculated.
2 secondary outcomes
Concurrent validity of the Pediatric Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (PedNPQ)
Time frame: immediately after Pain Neuroscience education (PNE) (48 hours following baseline)
Responsivity of the Pediatric Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after Pain Neuroscience education (PNE) and 1 week following PNE
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Oct 2018.
- Background: PubMed 10863045Perquin CW, Hazebroek-Kampschreur AAJM, Hunfeld JAM, Bohnen AM, van Suijlekom-Smit LWA, Passchier J, van der Wouden JC. Pain in children and adolescents: a common experience. Pain. 2000 Jul;87(1):51-58. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00269-4.
- Background: PubMed 23786498Pergolizzi J, Ahlbeck K, Aldington D, Alon E, Coluzzi F, Dahan A, Huygen F, Kocot-Kepska M, Mangas AC, Mavrocordatos P, Morlion B, Muller-Schwefe G, Nicolaou A, Perez Hernandez C, Sichere P, Schafer M, Varrassi G. The development of chronic pain: physiological CHANGE necessitates a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Curr Med Res Opin. 2013 Sep;29(9):1127-35. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2013.810615. Epub 2013 Jul 3.
- Background: PubMed 1758709Goodman JE, McGrath PJ. The epidemiology of pain in children and adolescents: a review. Pain. 1991 Sep;46(3):247-264. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(91)90108-A. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 26678858Simons LE, Basch MC. State of the art in biobehavioral approaches to the management of chronic pain in childhood. Pain Manag. 2016;6(1):49-61. doi: 10.2217/pmt.15.59. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
- Background: PubMed 25992621Korterink JJ, Diederen K, Benninga MA, Tabbers MM. Epidemiology of pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015 May 20;10(5):e0126982. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126982. eCollection 2015.
- Background: PubMed 15687423Roth-Isigkeit A, Thyen U, Stoven H, Schwarzenberger J, Schmucker P. Pain among children and adolescents: restrictions in daily living and triggering factors. Pediatrics. 2005 Feb;115(2):e152-62. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-0682.
- Background: PubMed 24631587Vervoort T, Logan DE, Goubert L, De Clercq B, Hublet A. Severity of pediatric pain in relation to school-related functioning and teacher support: an epidemiological study among school-aged children and adolescents. Pain. 2014 Jun;155(6):1118-1127. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.02.021. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
- Background: PubMed 26568508Landry BW, Fischer PR, Driscoll SW, Koch KM, Harbeck-Weber C, Mack KJ, Wilder RT, Bauer BA, Brandenburg JE. Managing Chronic Pain in Children and Adolescents: A Clinical Review. PM R. 2015 Nov;7(11 Suppl):S295-S315. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.09.006.
- Background: PubMed 21415756Goddard JM. Chronic pain in children and young people. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2011 Jun;5(2):158-63. doi: 10.1097/SPC.0b013e328345832d.
- Background: PubMed 28009822Robins H, Perron V, Heathcote LC, Simons LE. Pain Neuroscience Education: State of the Art and Application in Pediatrics. Children (Basel). 2016 Dec 21;3(4):43. doi: 10.3390/children3040043.
- Background: PubMed 26051220Moseley GL, Butler DS. Fifteen Years of Explaining Pain: The Past, Present, and Future. J Pain. 2015 Sep;16(9):807-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.05.005. Epub 2015 Jun 5.
- Background: PubMed 22133255Louw A, Diener I, Butler DS, Puentedura EJ. The effect of neuroscience education on pain, disability, anxiety, and stress in chronic musculoskeletal pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011 Dec;92(12):2041-56. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.07.198.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. IPD will not be shared with other researchers.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Roselien Pas, Dra principal investigator
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Surveys and Questionnaires and Child, run by Vrije Universiteit Brussel at 1 site in Belgium.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Oct 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Belgium. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Reliability of the Pediatric Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (PedNPQ) (time frame: Baseline - 48 hours after baseline). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03162835, which also lists 25 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Oct 2018.