Acute Myocardial Infarction With ST ElevationDUPAPNCT03148834
Dextran Use for Primary Angioplasty Protection in Acute Myocardial Infarction
A study of Acute Myocardial Infarction With ST Elevation, run by Centro Cardiovascular Salta.
Trial summary
Reperfusion therapy in acute myocardial infarction saves viable myocardium, but paradoxically reestablishment of coronary artery flow also induces damage and cell death, decreasing the full benefit of reperfusion in terms of reduction of infarct size and preservation of ventricular function . Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Acute Myocardial Infarction With ST Elevation
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion, Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 100 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 1 Jun 2017to 1 Jul 2019
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Women and men over 18 years of age
- First acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation, within 6 hours of the initial symptoms, that are admitted for primary PCI at the Hospital San Bernardo.
- TIMI 0 or 1 flow in the culprit artery.
Who cannot join
- Not able or willing to give informed consent.
- Participate in another protocol.
- Pregnancy.
- History of any of the diseases listed: cardiomyopathy, valvular disease severe, any disease with a life expectancy of less than 1 year.
- Contraindication for protocol drugs (Dextran).
- LBBB or pacemaker.
Show all 10Show fewer
- Prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
- Cardiogenic shock.
- Left main coronary lesion or culprit lesion in venous graft.
- Large artery not feasible for PCI, guilty vessel of small caliber or very distal lesion.
Trial locations and contacts
No sites are listed yet.
About this study
Official title: A Randomized Study to Evaluate Controlled Reperfusion With Venous Blood and Dextran for Myocardial Protection Compared With Standard Angioplasty During Primary Angioplasty in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and TIMI 0/1 Flow.
Reperfusion therapy in acute myocardial infarction saves viable myocardium, but paradoxically reestablishment of coronary artery flow also induces damage and cell death, decreasing the full benefit of reperfusion in terms of reduction of infarct size and preservation of ventricular function . Myocardial reperfusion can in itself produce more damage and cell death, this process defines the phenomenon of reperfusion injury, which could be prevented by applying additional therapies.
Read the detailed description
During myocardial ischemia, due to lack of O2, the myocyte leaves energy production from the aerobic metabolism of lipids and the production of energy in the form of phosphates will depend, in this situation, on the anaerobic metabolism of glucose. As a result they are consumed muscle glycogen stores that produce little ATP, and also generating acidosis. The cell membrane loses its ability to maintain the fluid's electrolyte balance. Cellular edema is generated by the entry of sodium and water, leading to cell rupture. During ischemia and reperfusion free radicals are produced that stimulate inflammation and consequently release prothrombotic and cytotoxic substances that also produce cellular damage. Due to its osmotic, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and rheological effects, dextran could be useful in this scenario.
The administration of a solution in the distal bed, for the protection of the myocardium, before opening the epicardial artery is called by us "controlled reperfusion". The researchers think, using a solution with venous blood, containing less O2 but retaining buffer properties; enriched with Dextran, which has onctic power, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties, and molecules similar to glucose; results in a potentially useful solution for myocardial protection in this scenario.
The group of investigators expect that controlled reperfusion treatment will reduce the incidence of ST correction and infarct size by 20-30%, improving the prognosis in terms of mortality and heart failure.
- Being tested
- Controlled Reperfusion
- Keywords
- Acute Myocardial Infarction Reperfusion Injury
- Medical subject headings
- ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Controlled ReperfusionProcedure or surgery
Patients will be treated in the occluded coronary with a solution of venous blood and Dextran, prior to the Stenting procedure.
Controlled Reperfusion PCI consists of crossing the culprit lesion with guidewire and then advancing a balloon (over the wire) to the distal segment of the culprit vessel. Proximal to the main distal branch, inflate the balloon to low atmospheres, remove the guide wire and inject the solution through the light of the balloon. Then reposition the guidewire, perform angioplasty as usual on the lesion. If there is a large residual thrombus load and at the operator's discretion, change the balloon by a manual thromboaspiration catheter and use it.
Then perform stenting of the lesion. The solution will be given with a 1 cc syringe as a slow bolus, controlling symptoms and ST segment response.
The compounds in solution are venous blood drawn from the patient after administration of heparin and mixed with dextran in a 3/1 ratio.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control Reperfusion Primary Angioplasty | Experimental | Patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction and TIMI flow 0/1, will be treated with the use of an intracoronary venous blood solution and dextran to protect the myocardium during reperfusion. Receives: Procedure: Controlled Reperfusion |
| Standard Primary Coronary Angioplasty | No intervention | Patients admitted with an acute myocardial infarction and TIMI flow 0/1, will be treated with primary angioplasty according to norms described in the international guidelines of treatment. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in ST segment elevation from baseline
Resolution of ST segment elevation in the EKG
Measured: At six hours
Total Mortality
Incidence of death
Measured: One year
Secondary outcomes (1)
Infarct size
With the use of Myocardial Spect Imaging
Measured: Six month
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted11 May 2017
- Study start1 Jun 2017 (estimated)
- Primary completion1 Jul 2018 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Jul 2019 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Acute Myocardial Infarction With ST ElevationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Centro Cardiovascular Salta
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03148834
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 052017
- Acronym
- DUPAP
- Status last verified
- May 2017
- First submitted
- 4 May 2017
- Last updated
- 11 May 2017
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Steg PG, Dabbous OH, Feldman LJ, Cohen-Solal A, Aumont MC, Lopez-Sendon J, Budaj A, Goldberg RJ, Klein W, Anderson FA Jr; Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events Investigators. Determinants and prognostic impact of heart failure complicating acute coronary syndromes: observations from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Circulation. 2004 Feb 3;109(4):494-9. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000109691.16944.DA. Epub 2004 Jan 26.
PubMed 14744970Velazquez EJ, Francis GS, Armstrong PW, Aylward PE, Diaz R, O'Connor CM, White HD, Henis M, Rittenhouse LM, Kilaru R, van Gilst W, Ertl G, Maggioni AP, Spac J, Weaver WD, Rouleau JL, McMurray JJ, Pfeffer MA, Califf RM; VALIANT registry. An international perspective on heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction complicating myocardial infarction: the VALIANT registry. Eur Heart J. 2004 Nov;25(21):1911-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ehj.2004.08.006.
PubMed 15522470Hellermann JP, Jacobsen SJ, Redfield MM, Reeder GS, Weston SA, Roger VL. Heart failure after myocardial infarction: clinical presentation and survival. Eur J Heart Fail. 2005 Jan;7(1):119-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2004.04.011.
PubMed 15642543Campo G, Valgimigli M, Gemmati D, Percoco G, Tognazzo S, Cicchitelli G, Catozzi L, Malagutti P, Anselmi M, Vassanelli C, Scapoli G, Ferrari R. Value of platelet reactivity in predicting response to treatment and clinical outcome in patients undergoing primary coronary intervention: insights into the STRATEGY Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 Dec 5;48(11):2178-85. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.12.085. Epub 2006 Nov 13.
PubMed 17161242Komamura K, Kitakaze M, Nishida K, Naka M, Tamai J, Uematsu M, Koretsune Y, Nanto S, Hori M, Inoue M, et al. Progressive decreases in coronary vein flow during reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction: clinical documentation of the no reflow phenomenon after successful thrombolysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994 Aug;24(2):370-7. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(94)90290-9.
PubMed 8034870Karila-Cohen D, Czitrom D, Brochet E, Faraggi M, Seknadji P, Himbert D, Juliard JM, Assayag P, Steg PG. Decreased no-reflow in patients with anterior myocardial infarction and pre-infarction angina. Eur Heart J. 1999 Dec;20(23):1724-30. doi: 10.1053/euhj.1999.1714.
PubMed 10562480Niccoli G, Lanza GA, Shaw S, Romagnoli E, Gioia D, Burzotta F, Trani C, Mazzari MA, Mongiardo R, De Vita M, Rebuzzi AG, Luscher TF, Crea F. Endothelin-1 and acute myocardial infarction: a no-reflow mediator after successful percutaneous myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J. 2006 Aug;27(15):1793-8. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl119. Epub 2006 Jul 7.
PubMed 16829540Niccoli G, Giubilato S, Russo E, Spaziani C, Leo A, Porto I, Leone AM, Burzotta F, Riondino S, Pulcinelli F, Biasucci LM, Crea F. Plasma levels of thromboxane A2 on admission are associated with no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J. 2008 Aug;29(15):1843-50. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn325. Epub 2008 Jul 10.
PubMed 18617477Uyarel H, Cam N, Okmen E, Kasikcioglu H, Tartan Z, Akgul O, Simsek D, Cetin M, Bozbeyoglu E, Buturak A, Uzunlar B. Level of Selvester QRS score is predictive of ST-segment resolution and 30-day outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary coronary intervention. Am Heart J. 2006 Jun;151(6):1239.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.03.019.
PubMed 16781226Buller CE, Fu Y, Mahaffey KW, Todaro TG, Adams P, Westerhout CM, White HD, van 't Hof AW, Van de Werf FJ, Wagner GS, Granger CB, Armstrong PW. ST-segment recovery and outcome after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: insights from the Assessment of Pexelizumab in Acute Myocardial Infarction (APEX-AMI) trial. Circulation. 2008 Sep 23;118(13):1335-46. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.767772. Epub 2008 Sep 8.
PubMed 18779444Bulluck H, Yellon DM, Hausenloy DJ. Reducing myocardial infarct size: challenges and future opportunities. Heart. 2016 Mar;102(5):341-8. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-307855. Epub 2015 Dec 16.
PubMed 26674987Hausenloy DJ, Yellon DM. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: a neglected therapeutic target. J Clin Invest. 2013 Jan;123(1):92-100. doi: 10.1172/JCI62874. Epub 2013 Jan 2.
PubMed 23281415
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 May 2017. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Randomized Study to Evaluate Controlled Reperfusion With Venous Blood and Dextran for Myocardial Protection Compared With Standard Angioplasty During Primary Angioplasty in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and TIMI 0/1 Flow.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT03148834
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- DUPAP / 052017
- Keywords
- Acute Myocardial Infarction Reperfusion Injury
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 100 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Centro Cardiovascular SaltaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jun 2017 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jul 2018 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Jul 2019 (estimated)
- First posted
- 11 May 2017 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Reperfusion therapy in acute myocardial infarction saves viable myocardium, but paradoxically reestablishment of coronary artery flow also induces damage and cell death, decreasing the full benefit of reperfusion in terms of reduction of infarct size and preservation of ventricular function . Myocardial reperfusion can in itself produce more damage and cell death, this process defines the phenomenon of reperfusion injury, which could be prevented by applying additional therapies.
Detailed description
During myocardial ischemia, due to lack of O2, the myocyte leaves energy production from the aerobic metabolism of lipids and the production of energy in the form of phosphates will depend, in this situation, on the anaerobic metabolism of glucose. As a result they are consumed muscle glycogen stores that produce little ATP, and also generating acidosis. The cell membrane loses its ability to maintain the fluid's electrolyte balance. Cellular edema is generated by the entry of sodium and water, leading to cell rupture. During ischemia and reperfusion free radicals are produced that stimulate inflammation and consequently release prothrombotic and cytotoxic substances that also produce cellular damage. Due to its osmotic, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and rheological effects, dextran could be useful in this scenario.
The administration of a solution in the distal bed, for the protection of the myocardium, before opening the epicardial artery is called by us "controlled reperfusion". The researchers think, using a solution with venous blood, containing less O2 but retaining buffer properties; enriched with Dextran, which has onctic power, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties, and molecules similar to glucose; results in a potentially useful solution for myocardial protection in this scenario.
The group of investigators expect that controlled reperfusion treatment will reduce the incidence of ST correction and infarct size by 20-30%, improving the prognosis in terms of mortality and heart failure.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control Reperfusion Primary Angioplasty | Experimental | Procedure: Controlled ReperfusionPatients admitted with acute myocardial infarction and TIMI flow 0/1, will be treated with the use of an intracoronary venous blood solution and dextran to protect the myocardium during reperfusion. |
| Standard Primary Coronary Angioplasty | No intervention | –Patients admitted with an acute myocardial infarction and TIMI flow 0/1, will be treated with primary angioplasty according to norms described in the international guidelines of treatment. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Women and men over 18 years of age
- First acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation, within 6 hours of the initial symptoms, that are admitted for primary PCI at the Hospital San Bernardo.
- TIMI 0 or 1 flow in the culprit artery.
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- Not able or willing to give informed consent.
- Participate in another protocol.
- Pregnancy.
- History of any of the diseases listed: cardiomyopathy, valvular disease severe, any disease with a life expectancy of less than 1 year.
- Contraindication for protocol drugs (Dextran).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Controlled ReperfusionPatients will be treated in the occluded coronary with a solution of venous blood and Dextran, prior to the Stenting procedure. Controlled Reperfusion PCI consists of crossing the culprit lesion with guidewire and then advancing a balloon (over the wire) to the distal segment of the culprit vessel. Proximal to the main distal branch, inflate the balloon to low atmospheres, remove the guide wire and inject the solution through the light of the balloon. Then reposition the guidewire, perform angioplasty as usual on the lesion. If there is a large residual thrombus load and at the operator's discretion, change the balloon by a manual thromboaspiration catheter and use it. Then perform stenting of the lesion. The solution will be given with a 1 cc syringe as a slow bolus, controlling symptoms and ST segment response. The compounds in solution are venous blood drawn from the patient after administration of heparin and mixed with dextran in a 3/1 ratio. | Procedure or surgery | Control Reperfusion Primary Angioplasty |
Primary outcome
Change in ST segment elevation from baseline
Time frame: At six hours
Resolution of ST segment elevation in the EKG
Total Mortality
Time frame: One year
Incidence of death
1 secondary outcome
Infarct size
Time frame: Six month
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 May 2017.
- Background: PubMed 14744970Steg PG, Dabbous OH, Feldman LJ, Cohen-Solal A, Aumont MC, Lopez-Sendon J, Budaj A, Goldberg RJ, Klein W, Anderson FA Jr; Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events Investigators. Determinants and prognostic impact of heart failure complicating acute coronary syndromes: observations from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Circulation. 2004 Feb 3;109(4):494-9. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000109691.16944.DA. Epub 2004 Jan 26.
- Background: PubMed 15522470Velazquez EJ, Francis GS, Armstrong PW, Aylward PE, Diaz R, O'Connor CM, White HD, Henis M, Rittenhouse LM, Kilaru R, van Gilst W, Ertl G, Maggioni AP, Spac J, Weaver WD, Rouleau JL, McMurray JJ, Pfeffer MA, Califf RM; VALIANT registry. An international perspective on heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction complicating myocardial infarction: the VALIANT registry. Eur Heart J. 2004 Nov;25(21):1911-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ehj.2004.08.006.
- Background: PubMed 15642543Hellermann JP, Jacobsen SJ, Redfield MM, Reeder GS, Weston SA, Roger VL. Heart failure after myocardial infarction: clinical presentation and survival. Eur J Heart Fail. 2005 Jan;7(1):119-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2004.04.011.
- Background: PubMed 17161242Campo G, Valgimigli M, Gemmati D, Percoco G, Tognazzo S, Cicchitelli G, Catozzi L, Malagutti P, Anselmi M, Vassanelli C, Scapoli G, Ferrari R. Value of platelet reactivity in predicting response to treatment and clinical outcome in patients undergoing primary coronary intervention: insights into the STRATEGY Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 Dec 5;48(11):2178-85. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.12.085. Epub 2006 Nov 13.
- Background: PubMed 8034870Komamura K, Kitakaze M, Nishida K, Naka M, Tamai J, Uematsu M, Koretsune Y, Nanto S, Hori M, Inoue M, et al. Progressive decreases in coronary vein flow during reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction: clinical documentation of the no reflow phenomenon after successful thrombolysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994 Aug;24(2):370-7. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(94)90290-9.
- Background: PubMed 10562480Karila-Cohen D, Czitrom D, Brochet E, Faraggi M, Seknadji P, Himbert D, Juliard JM, Assayag P, Steg PG. Decreased no-reflow in patients with anterior myocardial infarction and pre-infarction angina. Eur Heart J. 1999 Dec;20(23):1724-30. doi: 10.1053/euhj.1999.1714.
- Background: PubMed 16829540Niccoli G, Lanza GA, Shaw S, Romagnoli E, Gioia D, Burzotta F, Trani C, Mazzari MA, Mongiardo R, De Vita M, Rebuzzi AG, Luscher TF, Crea F. Endothelin-1 and acute myocardial infarction: a no-reflow mediator after successful percutaneous myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J. 2006 Aug;27(15):1793-8. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl119. Epub 2006 Jul 7.
- Background: PubMed 18617477Niccoli G, Giubilato S, Russo E, Spaziani C, Leo A, Porto I, Leone AM, Burzotta F, Riondino S, Pulcinelli F, Biasucci LM, Crea F. Plasma levels of thromboxane A2 on admission are associated with no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J. 2008 Aug;29(15):1843-50. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn325. Epub 2008 Jul 10.
- Background: PubMed 16781226Uyarel H, Cam N, Okmen E, Kasikcioglu H, Tartan Z, Akgul O, Simsek D, Cetin M, Bozbeyoglu E, Buturak A, Uzunlar B. Level of Selvester QRS score is predictive of ST-segment resolution and 30-day outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary coronary intervention. Am Heart J. 2006 Jun;151(6):1239.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.03.019.
- Background: PubMed 18779444Buller CE, Fu Y, Mahaffey KW, Todaro TG, Adams P, Westerhout CM, White HD, van 't Hof AW, Van de Werf FJ, Wagner GS, Granger CB, Armstrong PW. ST-segment recovery and outcome after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: insights from the Assessment of Pexelizumab in Acute Myocardial Infarction (APEX-AMI) trial. Circulation. 2008 Sep 23;118(13):1335-46. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.767772. Epub 2008 Sep 8.
- Background: PubMed 26674987Bulluck H, Yellon DM, Hausenloy DJ. Reducing myocardial infarct size: challenges and future opportunities. Heart. 2016 Mar;102(5):341-8. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-307855. Epub 2015 Dec 16.
- Background: PubMed 23281415Hausenloy DJ, Yellon DM. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: a neglected therapeutic target. J Clin Invest. 2013 Jan;123(1):92-100. doi: 10.1172/JCI62874. Epub 2013 Jan 2.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study of Acute Myocardial Infarction With ST Elevation, run by Centro Cardiovascular Salta.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 May 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Alejandro Farah, MD (+543874534929, farahale@yahoo.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in ST segment elevation from baseline (time frame: At six hours). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT03148834, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 May 2017.