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Refractory or Recurrent Hypermutated MalignanciesPhase 1/2NCT02992964

Pilot Study of Nivolumab in Pediatric Patients With Hypermutant Cancers

A Phase 1/2 study testing Nivolumab in people with Refractory or Recurrent Hypermutated Malignancies and Biallelic Mismatch Repair Deficiency (bMMRD) Positive Patients, run by The Hospital for Sick Children at 10 sites in 5 countries.

Terminated

Stopped early. The study ended before it was planned to and will not resume.

Official record
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Trial summary

This is an open-label, single arm, multi-center, pilot study of Nivolumab in pediatric patients with recurrent or refractory hypermutant malignancies aged 12 months to 18 years of age. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 12 months to 18 years
What is being tested?
Nivolumab
Type of treatment
Injection or infusion
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
11 participants
Where
10 sitesin 5 countries
Study dates
15 May 2017to 20 Nov 2023
Phase
Phase 1/2
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 12 months to 18 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Child, Adult

Who may be able to join

  • Part I
  • Consent/ Assent: Patient and/or Legally Acceptable Representative (LAR; such as a parent or guardian, as applicable) must be willing and able to provide written informed consent/assent for the trial as per local requirements.
  • Age: patients must be ≥ 12 months and <25 years of age at time of Part I enrollment. Local centres are only obligated to treat/ admit patients in accordance their age range capabilities.
  • Recurrent or relapse paediatric cancer patients suspected to be hypermutant, including those exhibiting evidence of one or more of the following:
  • high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) in current or previous tumour;
  • a mutation causing loss of mismatch repair gene (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, EPCAM or MSH3) expression;
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  • hypermutation by local sequencing in current or previous tumour;
  • a history of CMMRD, Lynch syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), or other established disorder affiliated with an elevated hypermutation rate;
  • a functional mutation of polymerase genes (POLE or POLD1) in current or previous tumour;
  • a functionally impaired RRD pathway by other means;
  • a temozolomide (TMZ) treated current or previous CNS tumour;
  • a predisposing hypermutant cancer signature (i.e. dysregulation of an apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) cytidine deamination or UV-associated);
  • other factors, which may predicate an elevated mutation burden at the discretion of the Study Chair or Co-Chair.
  • Diagnosis: patients must have histologic or cytologic confirmation of malignancy at the time of initial diagnosis or relapse (as specified above). Patients with multiple concurrent and/or sequential neoplasms are eligible, including CNS and haematological malignancies.
  • Specimen availability: patients must be able to provide specimen (archival or newly obtained biopsy) of a tumor lesion, appropriately obtained and preserved in a manner compatible for TMB analysis or applicable IHC staining for MMR gene protein expression, if applicable (as described in the Lab Manual). Only those with an already ascertained TMB level report from the laboratory specified in the Lab Manual or those with proof of RRD as outlined in the Lab Manual will be exempt from mandatory tissue submission.
  • If tissue (including archival) is not available, a new tissue specimen may be obtained if deemed clinically appropriate. Any such biopsy will not be considered a trial-related procedure.
  • Consent/ Assent: Patient and Legally Acceptable Representative (LAR; such as a parent or guardian, as applicable) must be willing and able to provide written informed consent/assent for the trial as per local requirements.
  • Confirmation of hypermutation or Proof of RRD: patient must have completed and verified a sufficient TMB level or have proof of RRD diagnosed in the appropriate lab, as outlined in the Lab Manual.
  • Age: patients must be ≥ 12 months and < 25 years of age at the time of Part II enrollment. Local centres are only obligated to treat/ admit patients in accordance their age range capabilities.
  • Diagnosis: patients must have had histologic verification of malignancy at the time of initial diagnosis or at relapse (as specified above). Patients with multiple concurrent and/or sequential neoplasms are eligible, including CNS and haematological malignancies.
  • Disease status: patients must have either measurable or evaluable disease in accordance with criteria as outlined in Section 10. Tumour lesions situated in a previously irradiated area are considered measurable if progression has been demonstrated in such lesions.
  • Treatment options: patient's current disease state must be one for which there is no known curative therapy or therapy proven to prolong survival with an acceptable quality of life. Chemotherapy-naïve patients will be eligible in cases where first-line therapy does not include chemotherapy (e.g. surgery alone for management of ependymoma).
  • Performance status: Karnofsky ≥ 50% for patients > 16 years of age or Lansky ≥ 50 for patients ≤ 16 years of age. Patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score.
  • Previous treatment: patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anti-cancer therapy.
  • Myelosuppressive chemotherapy: at least 21 days after the last dose of myelosuppressive chemotherapy (42 days if prior nitrosourea).
  • Hematopoietic growth factors: at least 14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (e.g. Neulasta) or 7 days for short-acting growth factor. For agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur. The duration of this interval must be discussed with the Study Chair or Co-Chair.
  • Biologic (anti-neoplastic agent): at least 14 days after the last dose of a biologic agent. For agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 14 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur. The duration of this interval must be discussed with the Study Chair or Co-Chair.
  • Monoclonal antibodies: at least three (3) half-lives of the antibody after the last dose of a monoclonal antibody.
  • Radiation Therapy (XRT): at least 14 days after local palliative XRT (small port). At least 150 days must have elapsed if prior Total Body Irradiation, craniospinal XRT or if ≥ 50% radiation of pelvis. At least 42 days must have elapsed if other substantial BM radiation.
  • Stem Cell Infusion without Total Body Irradiation (TBI): no evidence of active graft vs. host disease and at least 56 days must have elapsed after transplant or stem cell infusion. Patients with prior allogeneic transplants (including solid organ) are not eligible.
  • Organ Function Requirements:
  • Adequate BM Function Defined as i. Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥0.75 x 109/L or 750/mm3. ii. Platelet count ≥75 x 109/L or 75,000/mm3 (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet transfusions for at least 7 days prior to enrollment.
  • Hemoglobin ≥ 90g/L (transfusion permitted). iv. Patients with known BM metastatic disease or haematological malignancies will be eligible for study provided they meet haematological criteria. These patients may receive transfusions (e.g. to achieve platelet threshold) provided they are not known to be refractory to platelet transfusions but will not be evaluable for hematologic toxicity.
  • Adequate Renal Function Defined as: A serum creatinine based on age/gender as provided in Table 3 (see Section 4.2.2) c. Adequate Liver Function Defined as: i. Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated or total bilirubin) ≤1.5x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (except for patients with Gilbert's Syndrome, when bilirubin of < 51 µmol/L or 3.0 mg/dL is permitted).
  • ALT/AST:
  • 1. ≤ 2.5 x institutional ULN for patients without liver metastases. 2. ≤ 5 x institutional ULN for patients with liver metastases. d. Adequate Pulmonary Function Defined as: No history of chronic pulmonary disease (such as Cystic Fibrosis) and no evidence of dyspnea at rest, no exercise intolerance due to pulmonary insufficiency and a pulse oximetry > 92% on room air.
  • Adequate Pancreatic Function Defined as: Serum lipase ≤ ULN. Patients with glucose intolerance should be on a stable regiment and be monitored.
  • 10. For patients with brain tumors, debulking surgery prior to treatment with nivolumab should be considered when appropriate to reduce the risk of pseudoprogression-associated toxicities. Such debulking surgery is not mandatory for trial enrollment. Patients should be recovered from surgery and wait at least 7 days from surgery before first dose.

Who cannot join

  • Part II Only
  • Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding and men who are sexually active with women of childbearing potential (WOCBP)* who are not willing to use effective contraception, or to practice abstinence if this is the usual lifestyle and preferred contraception for the patient. **
  • Pregnant or breast-feeding women will not be entered on this study due to risks of fetal and teratogenic adverse events as there is yet no available information regarding human fetal or teratogenic toxicities.
  • WOCBP must have a negative serum pregnancy test every 4 weeks. and During Part II screening, WOCBP must have a negative serum pregnancy test. WOCBP must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test (minimum sensitivity 25 IU/L or equivalent units of HCG) within 24 hours prior to the start of nivolumab administration. WOCBP who are sexually active, must be willing to adhere to effective contraception during treatment and for 5 months after the last dose of nivolumab.
  • Men who are sexually active with WOCBP must be willing to adhere to effective contraception during treatment and for 7 months after the last dose of nivolumab.
  • Women who are surgically sterile, as well as azoospermic men do not require contraception.
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  • Concomitant Medications
  • Corticosteroids: Patients requiring systemic steroid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within seven (7) days prior to first dose of trial therapy or while on trial are not eligible. The use of physiologic doses of corticosteroids (up to 5mg/m2/day prednisone equivalent) is permitted following discussion with the Study Chair or Co-Chair.
  • Investigational Drugs: Patients who are currently receiving another investigational drug are not eligible.
  • Anti-cancer Agents: Patients who are currently receiving other anti-cancer agents are not eligible.
  • Patients with a History of Autoimmune Disease
  • Patients with a history of autoimmune disorder that has required systemic treatment in the previous two (2) years are not eligible. Asymptomatic laboratory abnormalities (e.g. ANA, rheumatoid factor, altered thyroid function studies) will not render a patient ineligible in the absence of a diagnosis of an autoimmune disorder. Replacement therapy (e.g. thyroxine, insulin or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy) is not considered a form of systemic treatment.
  • Infection: Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible.
  • HIV and/or Hepatitis B/C patients: Patients with known HIV/AIDS or acute/chronic Hepatitis B or C are excluded.
  • Transplant patients: Patients who have received prior allogeneic Bone Marrow (BM) transplants or prior solid organ transplantation are not eligible.
  • Non-Compliance: Patients who in the opinion of the investigator may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study are not eligible.
  • Previous anti-PD-1 and/or anti-PD-L1 therapy: Patients who have received prior anti-PD-1 and/or anti-PD-L1 directed therapy (mAb or small molecule) are not eligible.
  • Live vaccines: Patients who have received a live vaccine within 30 days of start of study treatment are not eligible.

Trial locations and contacts

10 sites in 5 countries.

10 sites in 5 countries

Australia3 sites
  • Women's and Children's Hospital

    North Adelaide, South Australia

  • Queensland Children's Hospital

    South Brisbane, Queensland

  • The Children's Hospital at Westmead

    Westmead, New South Wales

Other trials in Australia

United States2 sites
  • Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

    Boston, Massachusetts, 02215

  • Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104

Other trials in United States

Canada2 sites
  • The Hospital for Sick Children

    Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8

  • Children's & Women's Health Centre of British Columbia

    Vancouver, British Columbia

Other trials in Canada

France2 sites
  • Centre Leon Berard

    Lyon

  • Institut Gustave Roussy

    Villejuif, Villejuif, 94800

Other trials in France

Israel1 site
  • Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre

    Tel Aviv, 64239

Other trials in Israel

About this study

This is an open-label, single arm, multi-center, pilot study of Nivolumab in pediatric patients with recurrent or refractory hypermutant malignancies aged 12 months to 18 years of age. This study is to assess clinical and radiological benefits of treatment with Nivolumab in children with hypermutated cancers, including those with bMMRD syndrome. It is our expectation that patients with bMMRD syndrome will account for the majority of patients enrolled on this study.

Being tested
Nivolumab
Medical subject headings
Turcot syndrome

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • NivolumabDrug

    Also called OPDIVO

    Nivolumab (also referred to as BMS-936558 or MDX1106) is a human monoclonal antibody (HuMAb; immunoglobulin G4 [IgG4]-S228P) that targets the programmed death-1 (PD-1) cluster of differentiation 279 (CD279) cell surface membrane receptor.

Study groups in NCT02992964
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
NivolumabExperimentalRegimen: Nivolumab will be administered every 14 days until disease progression or treatment discontinuation due to unacceptable toxicities. Treatment may extend up to 2 years in patients who show clinical and radiological benefit. Dose: 3 mg/kg intravenously as a continuous infusion over 60 min (+/-10 min window)
Receives: Drug: Nivolumab

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. To Evaluate the Objective Response Rate to Nivolumab in bMMRD Positive Pediatric Patients With Refractory and Recurrent Hypermutated Malignancies

    Objective response rate will assessed by physical assessments, lab values, disease assessments and adverse events that are related to treatment. Scheduled time-points and the above assessments are detailed further in section "9.1 Study Calendar" of the protocol.

    Measured: 5 years (60 months) from date of enrollment

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted14 Dec 2016 (estimated)
  2. Study start15 May 2017
  3. Primary completion20 Nov 2023
  4. Study completion20 Nov 2023

Why it stopped: Withdrawal of drug supply/funding

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 1/2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
11 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT02992964
Sponsor's protocol ID
OZM-075
Status last verified
Oct 2026
First submitted
2 Dec 2016
Last updated
5 Nov 2026
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Das A, Tabori U, Sambira Nahum LC, Collins NB, Deyell R, Dvir R, Faure-Conter C, Hassall TE, Minturn JE, Edwards M, Brookes E, Bianchi V, Levine A, Stone SC, Sudhaman S, Sanchez Ramirez S, Ercan AB, Stengs L, Chung J, Negm L, Getz G, Maruvka YE, Ertl-Wagner B, Ohashi PS, Pugh T, Hawkins C, Bouffet E, Morgenstern DA. Efficacy of Nivolumab in Pediatric Cancers with High Mutation Burden and Mismatch Repair Deficiency. Clin Cancer Res. 2023 Dec 1;29(23):4770-4783. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-23-0411.

    PubMed 37126021
  • Henderson JJ, Das A, Morgenstern DA, Sudhaman S, Bianchi V, Chung J, Negm L, Edwards M, Kram DE, Osborn M, Hawkins C, Bouffet E, Cho YJ, Tabori U. Immune Checkpoint Inhibition as Single Therapy for Synchronous Cancers Exhibiting Hypermutation: An IRRDC Study. JCO Precis Oncol. 2022 Mar;6:e2100286. doi: 10.1200/PO.21.00286. No abstract available.

    PubMed 35235414
  • Rittberg R, Harlos C, Rothenmund H, Das A, Tabori U, Sinha N, Singh H, Chodirker B, Kim CA. Immune Checkpoint Inhibition as Primary Adjuvant Therapy for an IDH1-Mutant Anaplastic Astrocytoma in a Patient with CMMRD: A Case Report-Usage of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in CMMRD. Curr Oncol. 2021 Feb 1;28(1):757-766. doi: 10.3390/curroncol28010074.

    PubMed 33535600

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 1/2 study testing Nivolumab in people with Refractory or Recurrent Hypermutated Malignancies and Biallelic Mismatch Repair Deficiency (bMMRD) Positive Patients, run by The Hospital for Sick Children at 10 sites in 5 countries.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 38 inclusion and 18 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: stopped early, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Nov 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 10 sites in Australia, United States, Canada, France, Israel. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this combined phase mean?

Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 5 Nov 2026). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

To Evaluate the Objective Response Rate to Nivolumab in bMMRD Positive Pediatric Patients With Refractory and Recurrent Hypermutated Malignancies (time frame: 5 years (60 months) from date of enrollment). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02992964, which also lists 3 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Nov 2026.

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