NOMIDNCT02974595
Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Outcome of Autoinflammatory Diseases (NOMID/CAPS, DIRA, CANDLE, SAVI, NLRC4-MAS, Still'S-like Diseases, and Other Undifferentiated Autoinflammatory Diseases)
An observational study of NOMID and DIRA, run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Background: Some diseases cause chronic inflammation with intermittent flares in the body. These are called autoinflammatory diseases. They can cause fevers, rashes, ulcers, and other problems. Researchers want to learn more about the causes and effects of these diseases. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages Up to 99 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- How many people
- 3,200 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 9 Dec 2016to 30 Sep 2032
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Up to 99 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Study population: Study population is quite diverse as affected participants are from all over the world, different age ranges, and all race/ethnic groups.
Who may be able to join
- Be 2 to 99 years old for participants who will be seen at the NIH CC; be 0 (newborn) to 99 years old for participants who participate remotely via a virtual protocol visit and will submit mail-in samples. Participants younger than 3 years will be seen in the outpatient clinic at the NIH CC if approved by the Pediatric
- Consult Service as per NIH CC policy and guidelines.
- Is willing to allow storage of biological specimens for future use in medical research.
- Is willing to allow genetic testing on collected biological samples.
- Has a primary care or other physician who will manage all health conditions related or unrelated to the study objectives.
- Fulfills one of the following criteria:
Show all 50Show fewer
- Has a known disease-causing genetic mutation associated with NOMID/CAPS, DIRA, CANDLE, SAVI, or NLRC4-MAS.
- Has clinical signs or symptoms not explained by any other disorder (eg, infections, malignancies) and are consistent with a possible IL-1 mediated autoinflammatory disease. Participants must meet both of the following criteria:
- Clinical characteristics strongly consistent with an IL-1 mediated autoinflammatory disease per the following criteria and at the discretion of the principal investigator (PI). Individuals must have a past or present history of one of the following to be considered for study enrollment:
- Recurrent fever that has gone undiagnosed after reasonable attempts, and that is consistent with the conditions under study in this protocol
- Neutrophilic urticaria, pustular dermatitis, erysipelas-like erythema, or urticarial rash
- Epiphyseal and/or patella enlargement, periostitis, myalgias, arthralgias, arthritis, or recurrent multifocal aseptic osteomyelitis
- Sensorineural hearing loss
- Chronic aseptic meningitis or CNS vasculitis
- Conjunctivitis, episcleritis, uveitis, papilledema, pleuritis, pericarditis, aseptic peritonitis, early onset enterocolitis, hepatosplenomegaly, or lymphadenopathies
- Laboratory characteristics strongly consistent with an IL-1mediated autoinflammatory disease per the following criteria. Individuals must havepast or present history of evidence of systemic inflammation (eg, elevation of C-reactive protein [CRP] and/or erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], anemia, thrombocytosis).
- Has clinical signs or symptoms not explained by any other disorder (eg, infections, malignancies) and are consistent with a possible IFN-mediated, autoinflammatory disease.1,36 Participants must meet both of the following criteria:
- Clinical characteristics strongly consistent with an IFN-mediated autoinflammatory disease per the following criteria and at the discretion of the PI. Individuals must have a past or present history of one of the following to be considered for study enrollment:
- Recurrent fevers that has gone undiagnosed after reasonable attempts, and that is consistent with the conditions under study in this protocol
- Panniculitis, ischemic ulcerative skin lesions, chilblain lesions, or livedo reticularis
- Lipodystrophy
- Myositis, arthralgias, arthritis, or joint contractures
- Basal ganglia calcifications or white matter CNS disease
- Interstitial lung disease, lung fibrosis, or pulmonary hypertension
- Conjunctivitis, episcleritis, cortical blindness, glaucoma, papilledema, or hepatosplenomegaly
- Laboratory characteristics strongly consistent with an IFN-mediated autoinflammatory disease per the following criteria. Individuals must have past or present history one or more of the following to be considered for study enrollment:
- Evidence of systemic inflammation (eg, ESR or CRP)
- Cytopenias (eg. leukopenia, anemia, or thrombocytopenia)
- Dyslipidemia or insulin resistance
- Abnormal liver function test, creatinine kinase (CK), or LDH
- Has clinical signs or symptoms consistent with an undifferentiated autoinflammatory disease (including but not limited to dysregulation in other proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-17, TNF, IL-18, and others). Participants must meet one of the following criteria:
- Clinical characteristics strongly consistent with an undifferentiated autoinflammatory disease. Individuals must have a past or present history of one of the clinical and one of the laboratory characteristics mentioned above to be considered for study enrollment.
- Individuals with defined organ inflammation associated with past or current evidence of systemic inflammation.
- Alternatively to #5, had been enrolled in the past as an affected participant on NIAMS study 03-AR-0173 and or had samples collected on 03-AR-0173.
- INCLUSION CRITERIA - UNAFFECTED RELATIVES OF AFFECTED PARTICIPANTS:
- Be 2 to 99 years old for participants who will be seen at the NIH CC; be 0 (newborn) to 99 years old for participants who participate remotely via a virtual protocol visit and will submit mail-in samples. Participants younger than 3 years will be seen in the outpatient clinic at the NIH CC if approved by the Pediatric Consult Service as per NIH CC policy and guidelines.)
- Be related by blood to an affected participant.
- Is willing to allow storage of biological samples for future use in medical research.
- Is willing to allow genetic testing on collected biological samples.
- Does not fulfill any of inclusion criterion #5 for affected participants.
- Is able to provide informed consent.
- Be at least 18 years old.
- Not be related to an affected participant.
- s willing to allow storage of biological samples for future use in medical research.
- Is willing to allow genetic testing on collected biological samples.
- Does not fulfill any of inclusion criterion #5 for affected participants.
- Is able to provide informed consent.
- PARTICIPANT EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
- Presence of conditions that, in the judgment of the investigator, may put the participant at undue risk or make them unsuitable for participation in the study.
- Oncological evaluation suggestive of lymphoma, leukemia or multiple myeloma, except for participants with a known primary diagnosis of an autoinflammatory disease who subsequently developed a malignancy. These patients will not be excluded from the study.
Who cannot join
None listed.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United States1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
For more information at the NIH Clinical Center contact Office of Patient Recruitment (OPR), 800-411-1222 ext. TTY8664111010, prpl@cc.nih.gov
About this study
Official title: Studies of the Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Outcome of Autoinflammatory Diseases (NOMID/CAPS, DIRA, CANDLE, SAVI, NLRC4-MAS, Still'S-like Diseases, and Other Undifferentiated Autoinflammatory Diseases)
Background:
Some diseases cause chronic inflammation with intermittent flares in the body. These are called autoinflammatory diseases. They can cause fevers, rashes, ulcers, and other problems. Researchers want to learn more about the causes and effects of these diseases. They hope this will improve how the disease is managed in the future.
Read more
Objectives:
To understand the underlying immune dysregulation
To identify the genetic cause
To translate our findings into novel treatments that improve patients disease outcomes
Eligibility:
Patients with known NOMID/CAPS, DIRA, CANDLE, SAVI, NLRC4-MAS, Still's Disease, and with other yet undifferentiated autoinflammatory diseases.
Unaffected relatives of participants with a known or undifferentiated autoinflammatory disease
Healthy adult volunteers at least 18 years of age
Design:
Participants will be screened with blood sample and medical history. They may provide copies of their medical records.
Enrolled participants will be evaluated at the NIH for 2-5 days. All participants will have a detailed medical history, physical exam, blood tests, and other evaluations depending on the extent of their autoinflammatory disease.
Participants may also expect the following assessments:
- Clinical tests that help assess organ damage and function such as hearing, vision, memory, and learning tests.
- Imaging studies to characterize organ involvement of the inflammatory disease including: X-rays, CT scans, special MRIs, and bone scans.
- Laboratory evaluations including clinical markers of disease activity, research samples for genetic studies, blood samples for cytokine/biomarker assessment, and gene expression profiling.
- Questionnaires to assess disease activity and quality of life.
- If indicated, other procedures may be administered that include: a lumbar puncture if CNS inflammation is suspected, a skin biopsy if skin inflammation is present, and/or gastrointestinal and pulmonary procedures if they are clinically indicated.
Participants may return for a single follow-up visit or for long-term follow-up visits depending on their disease and willingness to return. Long-term follow-up may occur for up to 15 years on this protocol.
Read the detailed description
Autoinflammatory diseases are a group of immune dysregulatory diseases that are characterized by recurrent episodes of systemic as well as organ-specific inflammation that can involve the skin, eyes, joints, bones, muscles, lungs, serosal surfaces, inner ear, brain, and other organs. The prominent role of IL-1 in the pathogenesis of these disorders first became evident through the discovery of mutations in the gene NLRP3 and IL1RN. Since then, we have identified additional mutations that cause autoinflammatory diseases, including mutations in proteasome components and STING1 that suggest a role of increased type I IFN signaling as a contributor to the disease pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases and in NLRC4 and CDC42 that suggest a role of IL-18 in some autoinflammatory diseases. In this natural history study, we seek to comprehensively evaluate people with autoinflammatory diseases that include clinical, genetic, immunologic, andendocrinologic characterizations. Other rare diseases not mediated by IL-1, IL-18 or type I IFN and presumed to be autoinflammatory diseases with unknown genetic causes may also be eligible under this protocol. In addition, we intend to evaluate long-term outcomes and biomarkers over time in selected diseases. We plan to follow most participants for the duration of this study (15 years). Relatives who do not have autoinflammatory diseases as well as healthy volunteers will also be recruited to serve as controls for biomarker, genetic, and other molecular analyses.
- Keywords
- Study of pathogenesis of patients affected with autoinflammatory diseases, This Includes the Clinical, Immunological , Genetic, and Metabolic Characteristi, Collection of Clinical and Laboratory Outcome Data, Evaluation of Characteristics/Disease Manifestations, Natural History
- Medical subject headings
- Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Affected Participants | Individuals with undifferentiated autoinflammatory diseases or genetically defined conditions, such as NOMID/CAPS, DIRA, CANDLE, SAVI, and NLRC4 MAS. | |
| Healthy Volunteer | Volunteers without known autoinflammatory disease who consent to providing blood specimen for genetic testing. | |
| Unaffected Relatives | Blood relatives of the affected patients without known autoinflammatory disease who consent to providing specimen for genetic testing. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
To study the pathogenesis of patients affected with auto-inflammatory diseases, including their clinical, immunological, genetic and metabolic/endocrinological characteristics.
To study the pathogenesis of patients affected with autoinflammatory diseases, including their clinical, immunological, genetic and metabolic/endocrinological characteristics.
Measured: 1-2 years, 3-5 years, 10 years
Secondary outcomes (2)
Longitudinal fluctuations in clinical and biomarker characteristics of autoinflammatory diseases
To evaluate clinical characteristics/disease manifestations and blood, body fluids, and tissue biomarkers during disease flares and quiescence.
Measured: 1-2 years, 3-5 years, 10 years
Long term Organ specific outcome (clinical and biomarker evidence of both inflammation and damage accrual)
To collect long-term clinical and laboratory outcome parameters of the multiorgan inflammatory involvement and/or organ damage in patients with genetically defined or undifferentiated autoinflammatory (immune-dysregulatory) diseases.
Measured: 1-2 years, 3-5 years, 10 years
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Nov 2016 (estimated)
- Study start9 Dec 2016
- Primary completion31 Aug 2031 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Sep 2032 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for NOMIDStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)The sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 3,200 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- US National Institutes of Health
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Raphaela T Goldbach-Mansky, M.D., Principal investigator, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02974595
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 170016
- Other IDs
- 17-I-0016
- Status last verified
- 7 Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 23 Nov 2016
- Last updated
- 22 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: As outlined in our approved GDS Plan (dated 09/27/2019): Whole exome and whole genome sequencing data
Publications
Bhuyan F, de Jesus AA, Mitchell J, Leikina E, VanTries R, Herzog R, Onel KB, Oler A, Montealegre Sanchez GA, Johnson KA, Bichell L, Marrero B, De Castro LF, Huang Y, Calvo KR, Collins MT, Ganesan S, Chernomordik LV, Ferguson PJ, Goldbach-Mansky R. Novel Majeed Syndrome-Causing LPIN2 Mutations Link Bone Inflammation to Inflammatory M2 Macrophages and Accelerated Osteoclastogenesis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Jun;73(6):1021-1032. doi: 10.1002/art.41624. Epub 2021 May 9.
PubMed 33314777Goldbach-Mansky R, Dailey NJ, Canna SW, Gelabert A, Jones J, Rubin BI, Kim HJ, Brewer C, Zalewski C, Wiggs E, Hill S, Turner ML, Karp BI, Aksentijevich I, Pucino F, Penzak SR, Haverkamp MH, Stein L, Adams BS, Moore TL, Fuhlbrigge RC, Shaham B, Jarvis JN, O'Neil K, Vehe RK, Beitz LO, Gardner G, Hannan WP, Warren RW, Horn W, Cole JL, Paul SM, Hawkins PN, Pham TH, Snyder C, Wesley RA, Hoffmann SC, Holland SM, Butman JA, Kastner DL. Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease responsive to interleukin-1beta inhibition. N Engl J Med. 2006 Aug 10;355(6):581-92. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa055137.
PubMed 16899778Liu Y, Ramot Y, Torrelo A, Paller AS, Si N, Babay S, Kim PW, Sheikh A, Lee CC, Chen Y, Vera A, Zhang X, Goldbach-Mansky R, Zlotogorski A. Mutations in proteasome subunit beta type 8 cause chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature with evidence of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Mar;64(3):895-907. doi: 10.1002/art.33368.
PubMed 21953331Liu Y, Jesus AA, Marrero B, Yang D, Ramsey SE, Sanchez GAM, Tenbrock K, Wittkowski H, Jones OY, Kuehn HS, Lee CR, DiMattia MA, Cowen EW, Gonzalez B, Palmer I, DiGiovanna JJ, Biancotto A, Kim H, Tsai WL, Trier AM, Huang Y, Stone DL, Hill S, Kim HJ, St Hilaire C, Gurprasad S, Plass N, Chapelle D, Horkayne-Szakaly I, Foell D, Barysenka A, Candotti F, Holland SM, Hughes JD, Mehmet H, Issekutz AC, Raffeld M, McElwee J, Fontana JR, Minniti CP, Moir S, Kastner DL, Gadina M, Steven AC, Wingfield PT, Brooks SR, Rosenzweig SD, Fleisher TA, Deng Z, Boehm M, Paller AS, Goldbach-Mansky R. Activated STING in a vascular and pulmonary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2014 Aug 7;371(6):507-518. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1312625. Epub 2014 Jul 16.
PubMed 25029335Lee Y, Wessel AW, Xu J, Reinke JG, Lee E, Kim SM, Hsu AP, Zilberman-Rudenko J, Cao S, Enos C, Brooks SR, Deng Z, Lin B, de Jesus AA, Hupalo DN, Piotto DG, Terreri MT, Dimitriades VR, Dalgard CL, Holland SM, Goldbach-Mansky R, Siegel RM, Hanson EP. Genetically programmed alternative splicing of NEMO mediates an autoinflammatory disease phenotype. J Clin Invest. 2022 Mar 15;132(6):e128808. doi: 10.1172/JCI128808.
PubMed 35289316Kim H, Gunter-Rahman F, McGrath JA, Lee E, de Jesus AA, Targoff IN, Huang Y, O'Hanlon TP, Tsai WL, Gadina M, Miller FW, Goldbach-Mansky R, Rider LG. Expression of interferon-regulated genes in juvenile dermatomyositis versus Mendelian autoinflammatory interferonopathies. Arthritis Res Ther. 2020 Apr 6;22(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s13075-020-02160-9.
PubMed 32252809de Jesus AA, Hou Y, Brooks S, Malle L, Biancotto A, Huang Y, Calvo KR, Marrero B, Moir S, Oler AJ, Deng Z, Montealegre Sanchez GA, Ahmed A, Allenspach E, Arabshahi B, Behrens E, Benseler S, Bezrodnik L, Bout-Tabaku S, Brescia AC, Brown D, Burnham JM, Caldirola MS, Carrasco R, Chan AY, Cimaz R, Dancey P, Dare J, DeGuzman M, Dimitriades V, Ferguson I, Ferguson P, Finn L, Gattorno M, Grom AA, Hanson EP, Hashkes PJ, Hedrich CM, Herzog R, Horneff G, Jerath R, Kessler E, Kim H, Kingsbury DJ, Laxer RM, Lee PY, Lee-Kirsch MA, Lewandowski L, Li S, Lilleby V, Mammadova V, Moorthy LN, Nasrullayeva G, O'Neil KM, Onel K, Ozen S, Pan N, Pillet P, Piotto DG, Punaro MG, Reiff A, Reinhardt A, Rider LG, Rivas-Chacon R, Ronis T, Rosen-Wolff A, Roth J, Ruth NM, Rygg M, Schmeling H, Schulert G, Scott C, Seminario G, Shulman A, Sivaraman V, Son MB, Stepanovskiy Y, Stringer E, Taber S, Terreri MT, Tifft C, Torgerson T, Tosi L, Van Royen-Kerkhof A, Wampler Muskardin T, Canna SW, Goldbach-Mansky R. Distinct interferon signatures and cytokine patterns define additional systemic autoinflammatory diseases. J Clin Invest. 2020 Apr 1;130(4):1669-1682. doi: 10.1172/JCI129301.
PubMed 31874111Sanchez GAM, Reinhardt A, Ramsey S, Wittkowski H, Hashkes PJ, Berkun Y, Schalm S, Murias S, Dare JA, Brown D, Stone DL, Gao L, Klausmeier T, Foell D, de Jesus AA, Chapelle DC, Kim H, Dill S, Colbert RA, Failla L, Kost B, O'Brien M, Reynolds JC, Folio LR, Calvo KR, Paul SM, Weir N, Brofferio A, Soldatos A, Biancotto A, Cowen EW, Digiovanna JJ, Gadina M, Lipton AJ, Hadigan C, Holland SM, Fontana J, Alawad AS, Brown RJ, Rother KI, Heller T, Brooks KM, Kumar P, Brooks SR, Waldman M, Singh HK, Nickeleit V, Silk M, Prakash A, Janes JM, Ozen S, Wakim PG, Brogan PA, Macias WL, Goldbach-Mansky R. JAK1/2 inhibition with baricitinib in the treatment of autoinflammatory interferonopathies. J Clin Invest. 2018 Jul 2;128(7):3041-3052. doi: 10.1172/JCI98814. Epub 2018 Jun 11.
PubMed 29649002Kim H, de Jesus AA, Brooks SR, Liu Y, Huang Y, VanTries R, Montealegre Sanchez GA, Rotman Y, Gadina M, Goldbach-Mansky R. Development of a Validated Interferon Score Using NanoString Technology. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2018 Apr;38(4):171-185. doi: 10.1089/jir.2017.0127.
PubMed 29638206Kim H, Brooks KM, Tang CC, Wakim P, Blake M, Brooks SR, Montealegre Sanchez GA, de Jesus AA, Huang Y, Tsai WL, Gadina M, Prakash A, Janes JM, Zhang X, Macias WL, Kumar P, Goldbach-Mansky R. Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Proposed Dosing of the Oral JAK1 and JAK2 Inhibitor Baricitinib in Pediatric and Young Adult CANDLE and SAVI Patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Aug;104(2):364-373. doi: 10.1002/cpt.936. Epub 2017 Dec 8.
PubMed 29134648
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 22 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Studies of the Natural History, Pathogenesis, and Outcome of Autoinflammatory Diseases (NOMID/CAPS, DIRA, CANDLE, SAVI, NLRC4-MAS, Still'S-like Diseases, and Other Undifferentiated Autoinflammatory Diseases)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02974595
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 170016
- Keywords
- Study of pathogenesis of patients affected with autoinflammatory diseases, This Includes the Clinical, Immunological , Genetic, and Metabolic Characteristi, Collection of Clinical and Laboratory Outcome Data, Evaluation of Characteristics/Disease Manifestations, Natural History
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 3,200 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)US National Institutes of Health
- Study start
- 9 Dec 2016 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Aug 2031 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Sep 2032 (estimated)
- First posted
- 28 Nov 2016 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Background:
Some diseases cause chronic inflammation with intermittent flares in the body. These are called autoinflammatory diseases. They can cause fevers, rashes, ulcers, and other problems. Researchers want to learn more about the causes and effects of these diseases. They hope this will improve how the disease is managed in the future.
Objectives:
To understand the underlying immune dysregulation
To identify the genetic cause
To translate our findings into novel treatments that improve patients disease outcomes
Eligibility:
Patients with known NOMID/CAPS, DIRA, CANDLE, SAVI, NLRC4-MAS, Still's Disease, and with other yet undifferentiated autoinflammatory diseases.
Unaffected relatives of participants with a known or undifferentiated autoinflammatory disease
Healthy adult volunteers at least 18 years of age
Design:
Participants will be screened with blood sample and medical history. They may provide copies of their medical records.
Enrolled participants will be evaluated at the NIH for 2-5 days. All participants will have a detailed medical history, physical exam, blood tests, and other evaluations depending on the extent of their autoinflammatory disease.
Participants may also expect the following assessments:
- Clinical tests that help assess organ damage and function such as hearing, vision, memory, and learning tests.
- Imaging studies to characterize organ involvement of the inflammatory disease including: X-rays, CT scans, special MRIs, and bone scans.
- Laboratory evaluations including clinical markers of disease activity, research samples for genetic studies, blood samples for cytokine/biomarker assessment, and gene expression profiling.
- Questionnaires to assess disease activity and quality of life.
- If indicated, other procedures may be administered that include: a lumbar puncture if CNS inflammation is suspected, a skin biopsy if skin inflammation is present, and/or gastrointestinal and pulmonary procedures if they are clinically indicated.
Participants may return for a single follow-up visit or for long-term follow-up visits depending on their disease and willingness to return. Long-term follow-up may occur for up to 15 years on this protocol.
Detailed description
Autoinflammatory diseases are a group of immune dysregulatory diseases that are characterized by recurrent episodes of systemic as well as organ-specific inflammation that can involve the skin, eyes, joints, bones, muscles, lungs, serosal surfaces, inner ear, brain, and other organs. The prominent role of IL-1 in the pathogenesis of these disorders first became evident through the discovery of mutations in the gene NLRP3 and IL1RN. Since then, we have identified additional mutations that cause autoinflammatory diseases, including mutations in proteasome components and STING1 that suggest a role of increased type I IFN signaling as a contributor to the disease pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases and in NLRC4 and CDC42 that suggest a role of IL-18 in some autoinflammatory diseases. In this natural history study, we seek to comprehensively evaluate people with autoinflammatory diseases that include clinical, genetic, immunologic, andendocrinologic characterizations. Other rare diseases not mediated by IL-1, IL-18 or type I IFN and presumed to be autoinflammatory diseases with unknown genetic causes may also be eligible under this protocol. In addition, we intend to evaluate long-term outcomes and biomarkers over time in selected diseases. We plan to follow most participants for the duration of this study (15 years). Relatives who do not have autoinflammatory diseases as well as healthy volunteers will also be recruited to serve as controls for biomarker, genetic, and other molecular analyses.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Affected Participants | – | –Individuals with undifferentiated autoinflammatory diseases or genetically defined conditions, such as NOMID/CAPS, DIRA, CANDLE, SAVI, and NLRC4 MAS. |
| Healthy Volunteer | – | –Volunteers without known autoinflammatory disease who consent to providing blood specimen for genetic testing. |
| Unaffected Relatives | – | –Blood relatives of the affected patients without known autoinflammatory disease who consent to providing specimen for genetic testing. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- Up to 99 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Study population is quite diverse as affected participants are from all over the world, different age ranges, and all race/ethnic groups.
Key inclusion criteria (50 listed)
- Consult Service as per NIH CC policy and guidelines.
- Be 2 to 99 years old for participants who will be seen at the NIH CC; be 0 (newborn) to 99 years old for participants who participate remotely via a virtual protocol visit and will submit mail-in samples. Participants younger than 3 years will be seen in the outpatient clinic at the NIH CC if approved by the Pediatric Consult Service as per NIH CC policy and guidelines.)
- Be related by blood to an affected participant.
- Is willing to allow storage of biological samples for future use in medical research.
- Is willing to allow genetic testing on collected biological samples.
Key exclusion criteria (0 listed)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
To study the pathogenesis of patients affected with auto-inflammatory diseases, including their clinical, immunological, genetic and metabolic/endocrinological characteristics.
Time frame: 1-2 years, 3-5 years, 10 years
To study the pathogenesis of patients affected with autoinflammatory diseases, including their clinical, immunological, genetic and metabolic/endocrinological characteristics.
2 secondary outcomes
Longitudinal fluctuations in clinical and biomarker characteristics of autoinflammatory diseases
Time frame: 1-2 years, 3-5 years, 10 years
Long term Organ specific outcome (clinical and biomarker evidence of both inflammation and damage accrual)
Time frame: 1-2 years, 3-5 years, 10 years
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 22 Sep 2026.
- Background: PubMed 33314777Bhuyan F, de Jesus AA, Mitchell J, Leikina E, VanTries R, Herzog R, Onel KB, Oler A, Montealegre Sanchez GA, Johnson KA, Bichell L, Marrero B, De Castro LF, Huang Y, Calvo KR, Collins MT, Ganesan S, Chernomordik LV, Ferguson PJ, Goldbach-Mansky R. Novel Majeed Syndrome-Causing LPIN2 Mutations Link Bone Inflammation to Inflammatory M2 Macrophages and Accelerated Osteoclastogenesis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Jun;73(6):1021-1032. doi: 10.1002/art.41624. Epub 2021 May 9.
- Background: PubMed 16899778Goldbach-Mansky R, Dailey NJ, Canna SW, Gelabert A, Jones J, Rubin BI, Kim HJ, Brewer C, Zalewski C, Wiggs E, Hill S, Turner ML, Karp BI, Aksentijevich I, Pucino F, Penzak SR, Haverkamp MH, Stein L, Adams BS, Moore TL, Fuhlbrigge RC, Shaham B, Jarvis JN, O'Neil K, Vehe RK, Beitz LO, Gardner G, Hannan WP, Warren RW, Horn W, Cole JL, Paul SM, Hawkins PN, Pham TH, Snyder C, Wesley RA, Hoffmann SC, Holland SM, Butman JA, Kastner DL. Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease responsive to interleukin-1beta inhibition. N Engl J Med. 2006 Aug 10;355(6):581-92. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa055137.
- Background: PubMed 21953331Liu Y, Ramot Y, Torrelo A, Paller AS, Si N, Babay S, Kim PW, Sheikh A, Lee CC, Chen Y, Vera A, Zhang X, Goldbach-Mansky R, Zlotogorski A. Mutations in proteasome subunit beta type 8 cause chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature with evidence of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Mar;64(3):895-907. doi: 10.1002/art.33368.
- Background: PubMed 25029335Liu Y, Jesus AA, Marrero B, Yang D, Ramsey SE, Sanchez GAM, Tenbrock K, Wittkowski H, Jones OY, Kuehn HS, Lee CR, DiMattia MA, Cowen EW, Gonzalez B, Palmer I, DiGiovanna JJ, Biancotto A, Kim H, Tsai WL, Trier AM, Huang Y, Stone DL, Hill S, Kim HJ, St Hilaire C, Gurprasad S, Plass N, Chapelle D, Horkayne-Szakaly I, Foell D, Barysenka A, Candotti F, Holland SM, Hughes JD, Mehmet H, Issekutz AC, Raffeld M, McElwee J, Fontana JR, Minniti CP, Moir S, Kastner DL, Gadina M, Steven AC, Wingfield PT, Brooks SR, Rosenzweig SD, Fleisher TA, Deng Z, Boehm M, Paller AS, Goldbach-Mansky R. Activated STING in a vascular and pulmonary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2014 Aug 7;371(6):507-518. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1312625. Epub 2014 Jul 16.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 35289316Lee Y, Wessel AW, Xu J, Reinke JG, Lee E, Kim SM, Hsu AP, Zilberman-Rudenko J, Cao S, Enos C, Brooks SR, Deng Z, Lin B, de Jesus AA, Hupalo DN, Piotto DG, Terreri MT, Dimitriades VR, Dalgard CL, Holland SM, Goldbach-Mansky R, Siegel RM, Hanson EP. Genetically programmed alternative splicing of NEMO mediates an autoinflammatory disease phenotype. J Clin Invest. 2022 Mar 15;132(6):e128808. doi: 10.1172/JCI128808.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 32252809Kim H, Gunter-Rahman F, McGrath JA, Lee E, de Jesus AA, Targoff IN, Huang Y, O'Hanlon TP, Tsai WL, Gadina M, Miller FW, Goldbach-Mansky R, Rider LG. Expression of interferon-regulated genes in juvenile dermatomyositis versus Mendelian autoinflammatory interferonopathies. Arthritis Res Ther. 2020 Apr 6;22(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s13075-020-02160-9.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 31874111de Jesus AA, Hou Y, Brooks S, Malle L, Biancotto A, Huang Y, Calvo KR, Marrero B, Moir S, Oler AJ, Deng Z, Montealegre Sanchez GA, Ahmed A, Allenspach E, Arabshahi B, Behrens E, Benseler S, Bezrodnik L, Bout-Tabaku S, Brescia AC, Brown D, Burnham JM, Caldirola MS, Carrasco R, Chan AY, Cimaz R, Dancey P, Dare J, DeGuzman M, Dimitriades V, Ferguson I, Ferguson P, Finn L, Gattorno M, Grom AA, Hanson EP, Hashkes PJ, Hedrich CM, Herzog R, Horneff G, Jerath R, Kessler E, Kim H, Kingsbury DJ, Laxer RM, Lee PY, Lee-Kirsch MA, Lewandowski L, Li S, Lilleby V, Mammadova V, Moorthy LN, Nasrullayeva G, O'Neil KM, Onel K, Ozen S, Pan N, Pillet P, Piotto DG, Punaro MG, Reiff A, Reinhardt A, Rider LG, Rivas-Chacon R, Ronis T, Rosen-Wolff A, Roth J, Ruth NM, Rygg M, Schmeling H, Schulert G, Scott C, Seminario G, Shulman A, Sivaraman V, Son MB, Stepanovskiy Y, Stringer E, Taber S, Terreri MT, Tifft C, Torgerson T, Tosi L, Van Royen-Kerkhof A, Wampler Muskardin T, Canna SW, Goldbach-Mansky R. Distinct interferon signatures and cytokine patterns define additional systemic autoinflammatory diseases. J Clin Invest. 2020 Apr 1;130(4):1669-1682. doi: 10.1172/JCI129301.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 29649002Sanchez GAM, Reinhardt A, Ramsey S, Wittkowski H, Hashkes PJ, Berkun Y, Schalm S, Murias S, Dare JA, Brown D, Stone DL, Gao L, Klausmeier T, Foell D, de Jesus AA, Chapelle DC, Kim H, Dill S, Colbert RA, Failla L, Kost B, O'Brien M, Reynolds JC, Folio LR, Calvo KR, Paul SM, Weir N, Brofferio A, Soldatos A, Biancotto A, Cowen EW, Digiovanna JJ, Gadina M, Lipton AJ, Hadigan C, Holland SM, Fontana J, Alawad AS, Brown RJ, Rother KI, Heller T, Brooks KM, Kumar P, Brooks SR, Waldman M, Singh HK, Nickeleit V, Silk M, Prakash A, Janes JM, Ozen S, Wakim PG, Brogan PA, Macias WL, Goldbach-Mansky R. JAK1/2 inhibition with baricitinib in the treatment of autoinflammatory interferonopathies. J Clin Invest. 2018 Jul 2;128(7):3041-3052. doi: 10.1172/JCI98814. Epub 2018 Jun 11.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 29638206Kim H, de Jesus AA, Brooks SR, Liu Y, Huang Y, VanTries R, Montealegre Sanchez GA, Rotman Y, Gadina M, Goldbach-Mansky R. Development of a Validated Interferon Score Using NanoString Technology. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2018 Apr;38(4):171-185. doi: 10.1089/jir.2017.0127.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 29134648Kim H, Brooks KM, Tang CC, Wakim P, Blake M, Brooks SR, Montealegre Sanchez GA, de Jesus AA, Huang Y, Tsai WL, Gadina M, Prakash A, Janes JM, Zhang X, Macias WL, Kumar P, Goldbach-Mansky R. Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Proposed Dosing of the Oral JAK1 and JAK2 Inhibitor Baricitinib in Pediatric and Young Adult CANDLE and SAVI Patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Aug;104(2):364-373. doi: 10.1002/cpt.936. Epub 2017 Dec 8.
- NIH Clinical Center Detailed Web PageLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. As outlined in our approved GDS Plan (dated 09/27/2019): Whole exome and whole genome sequencing data
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Raphaela T Goldbach-Mansky, M.D. principal investigator
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of NOMID and DIRA, run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 50 inclusion and 0 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 22 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Katsiaryna Uss ((240) 292-4709, kat.uss@nih.gov), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
To study the pathogenesis of patients affected with auto-inflammatory diseases, including their clinical, immunological, genetic and metabolic/endocrinological characteristics. (time frame: 1-2 years, 3-5 years, 10 years). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02974595, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 22 Sep 2026.