Hearing Loss, UnilateralCIPUHLNCT02963974

Cochlear Implantation in Pediatric Cases of Unilateral Hearing Loss

A study testing Cochlear implant in people with Hearing Loss, Unilateral, run by University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

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Trial summary

This feasibility study evaluates whether children with unilateral, moderate to profound sensorineural hearing loss experience an improvement in speech perception, hearing in noise, localization, and quality of life with a cochlear implant as compared to an unaided listening condition. Read more about this study

Who is it for?: Ages 42 to 78 monthsHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for: Hearing Loss, Unilateral
What is being tested?: Cochlear implant
Type of treatment: Medical device
Could I receive a placebo?: No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people: 20 participants
Where: 1 siteUnited States
Study dates: 20 Apr 2017to 7 May 2021
Phase: Interventional
Are there results?: Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 42 to 78 months
All sexes
Healthy volunteers accepted
Child

Inclusion Criteria
Unilateral moderate-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss.
Unaided residual hearing thresholds that yield a pure tone average (PTA) at frequencies 500 Hz, 1 kHz and 2 kHz of ≥70 dB HL in the ear to be implanted. It is possible that subjects may have hearing at other frequencies not included in this average.
Hearing thresholds in the contralateral ear of ≤25 dB HL
Between 3 years, 6 mos and 6 years, 6 mos of age at implantation.
Anatomically normal cochlear nerve
Cochlear anatomy that is amenable to cochlear implantation as evaluated by imaging (modality at the physician's discretion) including:
Normal cochlear anatomy or
Incomplete Partition Type II (IP2) with or without Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct (EVA) or
EVA with normal partitioning
No evidence of progressive hearing loss.
Willing to undergo 4 week hearing aid trial as warranted based on achieving desired audibility when fitted via real ear desired sensation level (DSL) method.
Aided word recognition in the ear to be implanted of 30% or less as measured with Consonant Nucleus Consonant (CNC) words (50-word list)
When listening with an appropriately fit hearing aid and masking applied to the contralateral ear (Turner, 2004).
Aided testing will be conducted in a sound-proof booth with the participant seated 1 meter from the sound source, facing 0° azimuth. Recorded materials will be presented at 60 dB SPL.
The hearing aid output will be measured using DSL targets.
Realistic parental expectations: a verbal acknowledgement of the potential benefits and risks, and postoperative variation in performance. For instance, cochlear implantation will not restore normal hearing.
Willing to obtain recommended meningitis vaccinations per CDC recommendations. (9) Development and cognition within the normal range as measured by the Leiter-R test of nonverbal intelligence and cognitive abilities and the Bracken Basic Concept Scale -Revised. (10) Parental commitment to study parameters including being able and willing to participate in evaluation schedule, involvement in prescribed therapy, and travel to investigational site and study-related activities. ii) Exclusion Criteria
English is not primary language of the home
Speech perception materials are presented in English
Parental questionnaires are administered in English
Conductive hearing loss in either ear
Compromised auditory nerve
Ossification of the cochlea
Inability to participate in follow-up procedures (i.e., unwillingness, geographic location)
History of condition that contraindicates middle or inner ear surgery or anesthesia (i.e. otitis media refractory to treatment)
Case of sudden sensorineural hearing loss that has not been first evaluated by a physician

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7600

Other trials in United States

About this study

Read the detailed description

Unilateral hearing loss (UHL) is a term used to describe a substantial hearing loss in one ear and normal hearing in the contralateral ear. Despite normal hearing in one ear, these individuals experience reduced speech perception in noise, variable abilities on localization tasks, increased reports of hearing handicap, reduced quality of life, and often, they obtain limited or no benefit from conventional amplification. In the United States, the prevalence of UHL in children ranges from 0.03% to 3%, depending on the age of the child.

Cochlear implantation performed for children with bilateral, severe to profound deafness has significant impacts on several aspects of child development.

The practice of providing cochlear implants to children who have significant hearing loss in one ear is of great interest and is occurring with greater frequency as reported in case studies and small set clinical reports. The primary purpose of this feasibility study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of cochlear implantation in children, age 3 years 6 months to 6 years, 6 months, with moderate to profound UHL. Postoperative results will be evaluated with speech perception measures, localization tasks, hearing in noise tasks, and subjective reports.

Conditions: Hearing Loss, Unilateral
Being tested: Cochlear implant
Keywords: cochlear implant
Medical subject headings: Hearing Loss, Unilateral

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Cochlear implantDevice
Also called MED-EL Cochlear Implant, MED-EL Synchrony with FLEX 28 array, MED-EL Synchrony with FLEX 24 array
Implantation

Study groups in NCT02963974
Study group	Role	What they receive
Cochlear Implant	Experimental	Pediatric patients with single sided deafness will receive a cochlear implant in the ear of loss Receives: Device: Cochlear implant

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Change Over Time in the Ability to Perceive Single Words as Assessed by Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) Word Recognition Testing
Recorded, open set word recognition presented pre-operatively in the soundfield when using a traditional hearing aid (contralateral ear masked) and at 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month post-activation intervals by direct input to the speech processor using the Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) words. Scores are reported as percent words correct and a higher score is better. Change is measured from the pre-operative to the 3-month post-activation interval, and from the 3-month post-activation interval to each subsequent interval.
Measured: up to 24 months post-activation
Mean Change in the Signal-to-noise Ratio 50 (SNR-50) From Device Off to Device on as Measured With the Bamford-Kowal-Bench Speech in Noise Test (BKB-SIN) at 6 Months Post-activation
Two ½ lists of the BKB-SIN were presented in each condition device off and device on after 6-months of device use: Speech and masker in front, speech in front and masker directed 90 degrees to the normal ear, speech in front and masker directed 90 degrees to the affected ear. The SNR-50 represents the signal-to-noise ratio required to perceive 50% of the sentence. A lower score is better.
Measured: 6 months post-activation
Mean Change in the SNR-50 From Device Off to Device on as Measured With the BKB-SIN at 12 Months Post-activation
Two ½ lists of the BKB-SIN were presented in each condition device off and device on after 12-months of device use: Speech and masker in front, speech in front and masker directed 90 degrees to the normal ear, speech in front and masker directed 90 degrees to the affected ear. The SNR-50 represents the signal-to-noise ratio required to perceive 50% of the sentence. A lower score is better.
Measured: 12 months post-activation
Mean Change in the SNR-50 From Device Off to Device on as Measured With the BKB-SIN at 24 Months of Device Use
Two ½ lists of the BKB-SIN were presented in each condition device off and device on after 24-months of device use: Speech and masker in front, speech in front and masker directed 90 degrees to the normal ear, speech in front and masker directed 90 degrees to the affected ear. The SNR-50 represents the signal-to-noise ratio required to perceive 50% of the sentence. A lower score is better.
Measured: 24 months post-activation
Median Change in Localization Error From Device Off to Device on at 3 Months Post-activation
Soundfield localization of 200-ms speech-shaped noise, presented from 11 speakers at 70 decibel (dB) sound pressure level (SPL) in a sound treated room. Error measures are made device on and device off after 3 months of device use. Overall root-mean-square (RMS) error is the difference between the sound source azimuth and the response azimuth and a lower score indicates more accurate localization of the sound source. Random error is the average of the standard deviation of the responses for each source and a lower score reflects a more consistently accurate response. Constant error is a measure of side bias, and a lower score indicates less response bias to either side. Adjusted constant error is a measure of reliability in the response taking side bias into account, and a lower score indicates a more reliable response.
Measured: 3 months post-activation
Median Change in Localization Error From Device Off to Device on at 9 Months Post-activation
Soundfield localization of 200-ms speech-shaped noise, presented from 11 speakers at 70 decibel (dB) sound pressure level (SPL) in a sound treated room. Error measures are made device on and device off after 9 months of device use. Overall root-mean-square (RMS) error is the difference between the sound source azimuth and the response azimuth and a lower score indicates more accurate localization of the sound source. Random error is the average of the standard deviation of the responses for each source and a lower score reflects a more consistently accurate response. Constant error is a measure of side bias, and a lower score indicates less response bias to either side. Adjusted constant error is a measure of reliability in the response taking side bias into account, and a lower score indicates a more reliable response.
Measured: 9 months post-activation
Median Change in Localization RMS Error From Device Off to Device on at 18 Months Post-activation
Soundfield localization of 200-ms speech-shaped noise, presented from 11 speakers at 70 decibel (dB) sound pressure level (SPL) in a sound treated room. Error measures are made device on and device off after 18 months of device use. Overall root-mean-square (RMS) error is the difference between the sound source azimuth and the response azimuth and a lower score indicates more accurate localization of the sound source. Random error is the average of the standard deviation of the responses for each source and a lower score reflects a more consistently accurate response. Constant error is a measure of side bias, and a lower score indicates less response bias to either side. Adjusted constant error is a measure of reliability in the response taking side bias into account, and a lower score indicates a more reliable response.
Measured: 18 months post-activation
Median Change in Localization Error From Device Off to Device on at 24 Months Post-activation
Soundfield localization of 200-ms speech-shaped noise, presented from 11 speakers at 70 decibel (dB) sound pressure level (SPL) in a sound treated room. Error measures are made device on and device off after 24 months of device use. Overall root-mean-square (RMS) error is the difference between the sound source azimuth and the response azimuth and a lower score indicates more accurate localization of the sound source. Random error is the average of the standard deviation of the responses for each source and a lower score reflects a more consistently accurate response. Constant error is a measure of side bias, and a lower score indicates less response bias to either side. Adjusted constant error is a measure of reliability in the response taking side bias into account, and a lower score indicates a more reliable response.
Measured: 24 months post-activation
Change in Mean Response Scores on the Speech Spatial & Qualities (SSQ) Questionnaire
The Speech Spatial Qualities Questionnaire requires participants to rate their perceived hearing ability for 49 scenarios using a 10-point scale, ranging from 0 (Not at all) to 10 (Perfectly). A score higher than 0 for each listening scenario shows some benefit of the device, while a score of 10 indicates the device was extremely beneficial. The SSQ questionnaire assesses performance in 3 domains, hearing speech in quiet and noise environments (9 items), spatial or directional hearing (5 items) and sound qualities (8 items). Domain scores represent an average of item ratings, therefore each domain score ranges from 0 to 10 with a higher score indicating a better outcome. The pediatric version of this test was used and parents reported as proxy pre-operatively and at at 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month post-activation intervals. Change is measured from the pre-operative to the 3-month post-activation interval and between the 3-month interval to all subsequent intervals.
Measured: Pre-operatively through 24 months post-activation
Change in Mean Response Scores as Measured by the Bern Single Sided Deafness (SSD) Questionnaire
Bern SSD Questionnaire is a 10-item questionnaire used for rating perceived benefit of a hearing technology designed to be used for persons with Unilateral Hearing Loss (UHL). A positive score indicates greater perceived ability with the device and a negative score indicates greater perceived ability without the device. Scores range from -5 meaning much easier listening without the hearing device to +5 indicating much easier listening with the device. Scores across all 10 items are averaged for a single score. A modified version of this test that can be completed by a parent was used pre-operatively and at 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month post-activation intervals. Change is measured from the pre-operative to the 3-month post-activation interval and from the 3-month interval to each subsequent interval.
Measured: Pre-operatively through 24 months post-activation
Change in Mean Fatigue Scores as Measured by the Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) Multidimensional Fatigue Scale
PedsQL Multidimensional fatigue scale is a validated scale for determining fatigue in young children, including general fatigue, sleep/rest fatigue and cognitive fatigue. Scores from this test have been previously demonstrated to be substantially affected by hearing loss in children. A parent report version was used pre-operatively and at 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month post-activation intervals. Items are scored on a 5-point Likert scale and are then reversed scored and linearly transformed to a 0-100 scale where 100 would indicate no fatigue and 0 would indicate near constant fatigue.
Measured: Pre-operatively through 24 months post-activation

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

20 Apr 20177 May 2021

First posted15 Nov 2016 (estimated)
Study start20 Apr 2017
Primary completion7 May 2021
Study completion7 May 2021

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
Publications (9)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
Other trials for Hearing Loss, UnilateralStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
More trials run by University of North Carolina, Chapel HillThe sponsor's other registered studies.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase N/A
Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Not applicable
Intervention model: Single group
Masking: None (open label)
Enrolment: 20 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02963974
Sponsor's protocol ID: 15-3350
Acronym: CIPUHL
Status last verified: Jun 2021
First submitted: 27 Oct 2016
Last updated: 6 Aug 2021
Results posted: Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
Data monitoring committee: No
FDA-regulated drug: No
FDA-regulated device: Yes
Individual data sharing: No

Publications

Arndt S, Aschendorff A, Laszig R, Beck R, Schild C, Kroeger S, Ihorst G, Wesarg T. Comparison of pseudobinaural hearing to real binaural hearing rehabilitation after cochlear implantation in patients with unilateral deafness and tinnitus. Otol Neurotol. 2011 Jan;32(1):39-47. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e3181fcf271.
PubMed 21068690
Firszt JB, Holden LK, Reeder RM, Waltzman SB, Arndt S. Auditory abilities after cochlear implantation in adults with unilateral deafness: a pilot study. Otol Neurotol. 2012 Oct;33(8):1339-46. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e318268d52d.
PubMed 22935813
Bess FH, Tharpe AM, Gibler AM. Auditory performance of children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Ear Hear. 1986 Feb;7(1):20-6. doi: 10.1097/00003446-198602000-00005.
PubMed 3949097
Arndt S, Prosse S, Laszig R, Wesarg T, Aschendorff A, Hassepass F. Cochlear implantation in children with single-sided deafness: does aetiology and duration of deafness matter? Audiol Neurootol. 2015;20 Suppl 1:21-30. doi: 10.1159/000380744. Epub 2015 May 19.
PubMed 25999052
Kompis M, Pfiffner F, Krebs M, Caversaccio MD. Factors influencing the decision for Baha in unilateral deafness: the Bern benefit in single-sided deafness questionnaire. Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;71:103-111. doi: 10.1159/000323591. Epub 2011 Mar 8.
PubMed 21389710
Varni JW, Limbers CA, Burwinkle TM. Impaired health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with chronic conditions: a comparative analysis of 10 disease clusters and 33 disease categories/severities utilizing the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007 Jul 16;5:43. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-5-43.
PubMed 17634123
PETERSON GE, LEHISTE I. Revised CNC lists for auditory tests. J Speech Hear Disord. 1962 Feb;27:62-70. doi: 10.1044/jshd.2701.62. No abstract available.
PubMed 14485785
Galvin KL, Noble W. Adaptation of the speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing scale for use with children, parents, and teachers. Cochlear Implants Int. 2013 Jun;14(3):135-41. doi: 10.1179/1754762812Y.0000000014.
PubMed 23394704
Park LR, Dillon MT, Buss E, Brown KD. Two-Year Outcomes of Cochlear Implant Use for Children With Unilateral Hearing Loss: Benefits and Comparison to Children With Normal Hearing. Ear Hear. 2023 Sep-Oct 01;44(5):955-968. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001353. Epub 2023 Mar 7.
PubMed 36879386

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

See locations

RecruitingObservational study
Audiological Rehabilitation of Children With Unilateral Hearing Loss
Unilateral Hearing Loss
RecruitingObservational study
Rare Disease Patient Registry & Natural History Study - Coordination of Rare Diseases at Sanford
Rare Disorders, Undiagnosed Disorders
Recruiting
Evaluation of Cochlear Implantation in Unilateral or Asymmetric Hearing Loss in Children.
Unilateral Hearing Loss, Asymmetric Hearing Loss
Active, not recruiting
Single-Sided Deafness and Asymmetric Hearing Loss
Hearing Loss, Unilateral, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
Recruiting
Towards Implementation of Universal Newborn Hearing Screening in Kenya
Hearing Loss, Bilateral or Unilateral, Otitis Media With Effusion in Children

All Hearing Loss, Unilateral trials

Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Aug 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: Cochlear Implantation in Pediatric Cases of Unilateral Hearing Loss
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02963974
Acronym / sponsor ID: CIPUHL / 15-3350
Conditions: Hearing Loss, Unilateral
Keywords: cochlear implant
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 20 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: University of North Carolina, Chapel HillUniversity, hospital or other
Collaborators: Med-El Corporation
Study start: 20 Apr 2017 (actual)
Primary completion: 7 May 2021 (actual)
Study completion: 7 May 2021 (actual)
First posted: 15 Nov 2016 (estimated)
Results: Posted 5 Aug 2021

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Detailed description

Cochlear implantation performed for children with bilateral, severe to profound deafness has significant impacts on several aspects of child development.

Study design

Primary purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Not applicable
Intervention model: Single group
Masking: None (open label)
Number of arms: 1

Arm	Type	Receives
Cochlear Implant	Experimental	Device: Cochlear implantPediatric patients with single sided deafness will receive a cochlear implant in the ear of loss

Who may qualify

Ages: 42 to 78 months
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Accepted
Age groups: Child

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
Cochlear implantAlso: MED-EL Cochlear Implant, MED-EL Synchrony with FLEX 28 array, MED-EL Synchrony with FLEX 24 arrayImplantation	Device	Cochlear Implant

Primary outcome

Change Over Time in the Ability to Perceive Single Words as Assessed by Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) Word Recognition Testing
Time frame: up to 24 months post-activation
Recorded, open set word recognition presented pre-operatively in the soundfield when using a traditional hearing aid (contralateral ear masked) and at 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month post-activation intervals by direct input to the speech processor using the Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) words. Scores are reported as percent words correct and a higher score is better. Change is measured from the pre-operative to the 3-month post-activation interval, and from the 3-month post-activation interval to each subsequent interval.
Mean Change in the Signal-to-noise Ratio 50 (SNR-50) From Device Off to Device on as Measured With the Bamford-Kowal-Bench Speech in Noise Test (BKB-SIN) at 6 Months Post-activation
Time frame: 6 months post-activation
Two ½ lists of the BKB-SIN were presented in each condition device off and device on after 6-months of device use: Speech and masker in front, speech in front and masker directed 90 degrees to the normal ear, speech in front and masker directed 90 degrees to the affected ear. The SNR-50 represents the signal-to-noise ratio required to perceive 50% of the sentence. A lower score is better.
Mean Change in the SNR-50 From Device Off to Device on as Measured With the BKB-SIN at 12 Months Post-activation
Time frame: 12 months post-activation
Two ½ lists of the BKB-SIN were presented in each condition device off and device on after 12-months of device use: Speech and masker in front, speech in front and masker directed 90 degrees to the normal ear, speech in front and masker directed 90 degrees to the affected ear. The SNR-50 represents the signal-to-noise ratio required to perceive 50% of the sentence. A lower score is better.
Mean Change in the SNR-50 From Device Off to Device on as Measured With the BKB-SIN at 24 Months of Device Use
Time frame: 24 months post-activation
Two ½ lists of the BKB-SIN were presented in each condition device off and device on after 24-months of device use: Speech and masker in front, speech in front and masker directed 90 degrees to the normal ear, speech in front and masker directed 90 degrees to the affected ear. The SNR-50 represents the signal-to-noise ratio required to perceive 50% of the sentence. A lower score is better.
Median Change in Localization Error From Device Off to Device on at 3 Months Post-activation
Time frame: 3 months post-activation
Soundfield localization of 200-ms speech-shaped noise, presented from 11 speakers at 70 decibel (dB) sound pressure level (SPL) in a sound treated room. Error measures are made device on and device off after 3 months of device use. Overall root-mean-square (RMS) error is the difference between the sound source azimuth and the response azimuth and a lower score indicates more accurate localization of the sound source. Random error is the average of the standard deviation of the responses for each source and a lower score reflects a more consistently accurate response. Constant error is a measure of side bias, and a lower score indicates less response bias to either side. Adjusted constant error is a measure of reliability in the response taking side bias into account, and a lower score indicates a more reliable response.
Median Change in Localization Error From Device Off to Device on at 9 Months Post-activation
Time frame: 9 months post-activation
Soundfield localization of 200-ms speech-shaped noise, presented from 11 speakers at 70 decibel (dB) sound pressure level (SPL) in a sound treated room. Error measures are made device on and device off after 9 months of device use. Overall root-mean-square (RMS) error is the difference between the sound source azimuth and the response azimuth and a lower score indicates more accurate localization of the sound source. Random error is the average of the standard deviation of the responses for each source and a lower score reflects a more consistently accurate response. Constant error is a measure of side bias, and a lower score indicates less response bias to either side. Adjusted constant error is a measure of reliability in the response taking side bias into account, and a lower score indicates a more reliable response.
Median Change in Localization RMS Error From Device Off to Device on at 18 Months Post-activation
Time frame: 18 months post-activation
Soundfield localization of 200-ms speech-shaped noise, presented from 11 speakers at 70 decibel (dB) sound pressure level (SPL) in a sound treated room. Error measures are made device on and device off after 18 months of device use. Overall root-mean-square (RMS) error is the difference between the sound source azimuth and the response azimuth and a lower score indicates more accurate localization of the sound source. Random error is the average of the standard deviation of the responses for each source and a lower score reflects a more consistently accurate response. Constant error is a measure of side bias, and a lower score indicates less response bias to either side. Adjusted constant error is a measure of reliability in the response taking side bias into account, and a lower score indicates a more reliable response.
Median Change in Localization Error From Device Off to Device on at 24 Months Post-activation
Time frame: 24 months post-activation
Soundfield localization of 200-ms speech-shaped noise, presented from 11 speakers at 70 decibel (dB) sound pressure level (SPL) in a sound treated room. Error measures are made device on and device off after 24 months of device use. Overall root-mean-square (RMS) error is the difference between the sound source azimuth and the response azimuth and a lower score indicates more accurate localization of the sound source. Random error is the average of the standard deviation of the responses for each source and a lower score reflects a more consistently accurate response. Constant error is a measure of side bias, and a lower score indicates less response bias to either side. Adjusted constant error is a measure of reliability in the response taking side bias into account, and a lower score indicates a more reliable response.
Change in Mean Response Scores on the Speech Spatial & Qualities (SSQ) Questionnaire
Time frame: Pre-operatively through 24 months post-activation
The Speech Spatial Qualities Questionnaire requires participants to rate their perceived hearing ability for 49 scenarios using a 10-point scale, ranging from 0 (Not at all) to 10 (Perfectly). A score higher than 0 for each listening scenario shows some benefit of the device, while a score of 10 indicates the device was extremely beneficial. The SSQ questionnaire assesses performance in 3 domains, hearing speech in quiet and noise environments (9 items), spatial or directional hearing (5 items) and sound qualities (8 items). Domain scores represent an average of item ratings, therefore each domain score ranges from 0 to 10 with a higher score indicating a better outcome. The pediatric version of this test was used and parents reported as proxy pre-operatively and at at 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month post-activation intervals. Change is measured from the pre-operative to the 3-month post-activation interval and between the 3-month interval to all subsequent intervals.
Change in Mean Response Scores as Measured by the Bern Single Sided Deafness (SSD) Questionnaire
Time frame: Pre-operatively through 24 months post-activation
Bern SSD Questionnaire is a 10-item questionnaire used for rating perceived benefit of a hearing technology designed to be used for persons with Unilateral Hearing Loss (UHL). A positive score indicates greater perceived ability with the device and a negative score indicates greater perceived ability without the device. Scores range from -5 meaning much easier listening without the hearing device to +5 indicating much easier listening with the device. Scores across all 10 items are averaged for a single score. A modified version of this test that can be completed by a parent was used pre-operatively and at 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month post-activation intervals. Change is measured from the pre-operative to the 3-month post-activation interval and from the 3-month interval to each subsequent interval.
Change in Mean Fatigue Scores as Measured by the Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) Multidimensional Fatigue Scale
Time frame: Pre-operatively through 24 months post-activation
PedsQL Multidimensional fatigue scale is a validated scale for determining fatigue in young children, including general fatigue, sleep/rest fatigue and cognitive fatigue. Scores from this test have been previously demonstrated to be substantially affected by hearing loss in children. A parent report version was used pre-operatively and at 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month post-activation intervals. Items are scored on a 5-point Likert scale and are then reversed scored and linearly transformed to a 0-100 scale where 100 would indicate no fatigue and 0 would indicate near constant fatigue.

Results and safety

Results posted to the registry on 5 Aug 2021, as reported by the sponsor. Figures are copied from the record, not re-analysed. Full results on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Participant flow

Group	Started	Completed
Cochlear Implant	20	19

Primary outcome: Change Over Time in the Ability to Perceive Single Words as Assessed by Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) Word Recognition Testing

Time frame: up to 24 months post-activation. Mean (Standard Deviation). Unit: percentage of words correct

Measure	Cochlear Implant n = 20
Pre-operatively	1.4 (6.3)
Month 3	14.4 (14.5)
Month 6	28.2 (18.0)
Month 9	45.0 (15.2)
Month 12	50.3 (33.1)
Month 18	51.8 (11.3)
Month 24	58.6 (15.4)

Cochlear Implant: p < 0.001, Mixed Models Analysis
Cochlear Implant: p < 0.001, Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)

Population analysed: One participant was lost to follow-up after Month 12

Primary outcome: Mean Change in the Signal-to-noise Ratio 50 (SNR-50) From Device Off to Device on as Measured With the Bamford-Kowal-Bench Speech in Noise Test (BKB-SIN) at 6 Months Post-activation

Time frame: 6 months post-activation. Mean (95% Confidence Interval). Unit: signal-to-noise ratio

Measure	Cochlear Implant n = 20
Device off to device on with speech and noise in front	1.8 (0.4 to 3.2)
Device off to device on with speech in front and noise to the implanted side	0.4 (-1.2 to 1.9)
Device off to device on with speech in front and noise to the normal side	1.9 (0.4 to 3.5)

Primary outcome: Mean Change in the SNR-50 From Device Off to Device on as Measured With the BKB-SIN at 12 Months Post-activation

Time frame: 12 months post-activation. Mean (95% Confidence Interval). Unit: signal-to-noise ratio

Measure	Cochlear Implant n = 20
Device on with speech and noise in front	1.6 (0.5 to 2.7)
Device off to device on with speech in front and noise to the implanted side	2.5 (1.1 to 3.9)
Device off to device on with speech in front and noise to the normal side	3.5 (1.8 to 5.2)

Cochlear Implant: p < 0.001, ANOVA

Primary outcome: Mean Change in the SNR-50 From Device Off to Device on as Measured With the BKB-SIN at 24 Months of Device Use

Time frame: 24 months post-activation. Mean (95% Confidence Interval). Unit: signal-to-noise ratio

Measure	Cochlear Implant n = 19
Device off to device on with speech and noise in front	1.4 (-0.1 to 2.8)
Device off to device on with speech in front and noise to the implanted side	1.7 (0.0 to 3.4)
Device off to device on with speech in front and noise to the normal side	4.0 (2.6 to 5.4)

Cochlear Implant: p < 0.001, Mixed Models Analysis

Population analysed: One participant was lost to follow-up after Month 12

Adverse events

Time frame: From the time of surgery through the Month 24 visit, a total of up to 25 months. Other adverse events reported at 0% frequency or more

Group	Serious adverse events	Other adverse events	Deaths
Cochlear Implant	0 of 20 (0%)	4 of 20 (20%)	0 of 20

Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Aug 2021.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
Background: PubMed 21068690Arndt S, Aschendorff A, Laszig R, Beck R, Schild C, Kroeger S, Ihorst G, Wesarg T. Comparison of pseudobinaural hearing to real binaural hearing rehabilitation after cochlear implantation in patients with unilateral deafness and tinnitus. Otol Neurotol. 2011 Jan;32(1):39-47. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e3181fcf271.
Background: PubMed 22935813Firszt JB, Holden LK, Reeder RM, Waltzman SB, Arndt S. Auditory abilities after cochlear implantation in adults with unilateral deafness: a pilot study. Otol Neurotol. 2012 Oct;33(8):1339-46. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e318268d52d.
Background: PubMed 3949097Bess FH, Tharpe AM, Gibler AM. Auditory performance of children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Ear Hear. 1986 Feb;7(1):20-6. doi: 10.1097/00003446-198602000-00005.
Background: PubMed 25999052Arndt S, Prosse S, Laszig R, Wesarg T, Aschendorff A, Hassepass F. Cochlear implantation in children with single-sided deafness: does aetiology and duration of deafness matter? Audiol Neurootol. 2015;20 Suppl 1:21-30. doi: 10.1159/000380744. Epub 2015 May 19.
Background: PubMed 21389710Kompis M, Pfiffner F, Krebs M, Caversaccio MD. Factors influencing the decision for Baha in unilateral deafness: the Bern benefit in single-sided deafness questionnaire. Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;71:103-111. doi: 10.1159/000323591. Epub 2011 Mar 8.
Background: PubMed 17634123Varni JW, Limbers CA, Burwinkle TM. Impaired health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with chronic conditions: a comparative analysis of 10 disease clusters and 33 disease categories/severities utilizing the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007 Jul 16;5:43. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-5-43.
Background: PubMed 14485785PETERSON GE, LEHISTE I. Revised CNC lists for auditory tests. J Speech Hear Disord. 1962 Feb;27:62-70. doi: 10.1044/jshd.2701.62. No abstract available.
Background: PubMed 23394704Galvin KL, Noble W. Adaptation of the speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing scale for use with children, parents, and teachers. Cochlear Implants Int. 2013 Jun;14(3):135-41. doi: 10.1179/1754762812Y.0000000014.
Derived from this study: PubMed 36879386Park LR, Dillon MT, Buss E, Brown KD. Two-Year Outcomes of Cochlear Implant Use for Children With Unilateral Hearing Loss: Benefits and Comparison to Children With Normal Hearing. Ear Hear. 2023 Sep-Oct 01;44(5):955-968. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001353. Epub 2023 Mar 7.
Individual participant dataSharing planned: No

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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

Kevin D Brown, MD, PhD principal investigator

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Cochlear implant in people with Hearing Loss, Unilateral, run by University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Aug 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 5 Aug 2021). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Change Over Time in the Ability to Perceive Single Words as Assessed by Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) Word Recognition Testing (time frame: up to 24 months post-activation). The study lists 11 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02963974, which also lists 9 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Aug 2021; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.