Insulin ResistanceNASO-PETNCT02933645
Effects of Intranasal Insulin Administration on Tissue Specific Insulin Sensitivity
A study testing Actrapid, [18F]-FDG PET-CT and Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp in people with Insulin Resistance, run by Turku University Hospital at 1 site in Finland.
Trial summary
Recent research has suggested that intranasally administered insulin can reach the brain quickly without passing through circulation and evoke increased insulin sensitivity and tissue glucose consumption during insulin stimulation (low-dose hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 35 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Insulin Resistance
- What is being tested?
- Actrapid, [18F]-FDG PET-CT and Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion, Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 10 participants
- Where
- 1 siteFinland
- Study dates
- Apr 2016to Dec 2016
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 35 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- BMI 18,5-25 kg/m2
- Fasting plasma glucose less than 6.1 mmol/l
- Normal 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
Who cannot join
- Any chronic disease or medication that could affect glucose metabolism
- History of anorexia nervosa or bulimia
- Smoking of tobacco, taking of snuffs, or use of narcotics
- Abusive use of alcohol
- Any other condition that in the opinion of the investigator could create a hazard to the subject safety, endanger the study procedures or interfere with the interpretation of study results
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Recent research has suggested that intranasally administered insulin can reach the brain quickly without passing through circulation and evoke increased insulin sensitivity and tissue glucose consumption during insulin stimulation (low-dose hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp). It is still not known what mechanism causes these changes or what tissues are involved in this.
In this study, the changes in tissue-specific insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake will be investigated by using glucose-analogue radiotracer ([18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose) with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging during insulin stimulation. Ten healthy males are studied, each receiving nasal sprays containing insulin or placebo in a randomized order on two separate days. After spray administration, glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, liver, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, myocardium, intestines, brown adipose tissue and brain assessed by PET imaging and glucose uptake in these tissues is analyzed. Endogenous glucose production is calculated facilitating the measurements glucose and radiotracer uptake in tissues and tracer loss into urine.
As skeletal muscle consumes most of the glucose available, it is likely that administration of insulin sprays will result in an increased uptake in this tissue. Some increase in glucose uptake might also be seen in other tissue types after insulin spray versus placebo spray administration.
Read the detailed description
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of intranasally administered insulin versus placebo on tissue specific glucose uptake of the key metabolic organs as well as on endogenous glucose production.
SAMPLE SIZE:
A total of ten (n=10) healthy males are planned to be included, and the study is conducted with a cross-over design with each subject being investigated twice, once using intranasal insulin and once using intranasal placebo in single-blinded randomized order.
SCREENING VISIT/ELIGIBILITY:
Main inclusion and exclusion criteria will be evaluated at a screening visit. This visit will include a frequently-sampled 75 g oral glucose tolerance test as well as anthropometric measurements and clinical examination.
PET STUDY VISITS:
On the PET study days two cannulas will be inserted, one in a radial or an antecubital vein for tracer injection and infusion of glucose and insulin, another in the opposite radial or antecubital vein for blood sampling. The arm where the samples are taken will be kept warm to obtain arterialized venous blood. The subjects will rest in supine position on the PET/CT scanner bed during the study.
HYPERINSULINEMIC EUGLYCEMIC CLAMP:
Whole-body insulin sensitivity will be assessed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp with an primed insulin infusion rate of 0.25 mU/kg/min. To maintain the glucose level at 5.0 mmol/l intravenous glucose infusion is administered individually as needed to maintain euglycemia.
NASAL SPRAY ADMINISTRATION:
After 30 minutes of intravenous insulin infusion, the subjects will receive either 160 IU human insulin or placebo intranasally. The small amount of insulin known to be absorbed into circulation after the insulin nasal spray will be mimicked on placebo day. Therefore subjects will be administered 2.5 mU/kg of additional intravenous insulin over 15 minutes together with placebo spray administration.
LABORATORY SAMPLES:
To verify comparable insulin levels in circulation during the study, serum insulin and C-peptide levels will be determined in fasting state, and repeatedly throughout the experiment.
BLINDING:
The clinician and the study nurse are aware which spray is given, but subjects are blinded and additional insulin infusion on placebo day is done in a manner that the subjects remain blinded. The sprays are given on a randomized order. The randomization code was generated by a statistician using SAS, version 9.3 for Windows. The randomization block size was four and the method was permuted block randomization. The randomization was done for 16 subjects in case of discontinuations.
HEART RATE VARIABILITY:
Heart rate variability is recorded to evaluate changes in autonomous nervous system activity after spray administration on both visits. Polar RS800CX heart rate monitor (Polar Electro Ltd., Kempele, Finland) with two electrodes is used.
FDG-PET-IMAGING:
70 minutes after the start of clamp and 40 minutes after the application of nasal sprays the positron emission tomography (PET) scanning is started with the injection of glucose-analogue tracer labeled with positron-emitting fluorine-18 ([18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose, [18F]-FDG). PET/CT, GE DiscoveryTM ST System (General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA) with final resolution of 3.75 mm in PET images is used. All data will be corrected for dead-time, decay and measured photon attenuation. Dynamic PET-scans will be reconstructed with iterative reconstruction method. Radiotracer [18F]-FDG is produced in the PET Centre radiochemistry laboratory. Plasma radioactivity is measured with an automatic gamma counter by a medical technologist in the laboratory of the Turku PET Centre (Wizard 1480 3", Wallac, Turku, Finland).
PET-IMAGE ANALYSIS:
To determine tissue-specific glucose uptake during insulin stimulation from PET data, time-activity-curves of tissue activity and activity measured from plasma during the scanning are analysed graphically to define tracer's fractional uptake (Ki). To calculate glucose uptake rate (reported as µmol/kg/min), Ki is multiplied with plasma glucose level, divided with a constant that accounts for the differences in transport and dephosphorylation rates between D-glucose and FDG (lumped constant, LC) and divided with tissue specific gravity. Based on previous studies the LC is 1,2 for skeletal muscle; 1,0 for heart and liver; 1,14 for adipose tissue; 1,1 for intestines and 0,8 for brain. After the PET/CT an urine sample will be collected to quantify endogenous glucose production (EGP). This will be determined by subtracting urine loss and glucose infusion rate from rate of glucose disappearance.
- Conditions
- Insulin Resistance
- Being tested
- Actrapid, Placebo, [18F]-FDG PET-CT, Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp
- Keywords
- Insulin, Intranasal, Glucose/metabolism, Glucose homeostasis
- Medical subject headings
- Insulin Resistance
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ActrapidDrug
Also called ATC-code A10AB01
Subjects administer 2 intranasal sprays into each nostril every minute for 4 minutes, a total of 16 sprays or 160 IU of fast-acting human insulin (Actrapid, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark). The glass spray flasks are produced by AeroPump GmBH, Germany and give 0,1 ml of fluid per spray.
PlaceboDrug
Also called Insulin Diluting Medium for Novorapid and Levemir
Subjects administer 2 intranasal sprays into each nostril every minute for 4 minutes, a total of 16 sprays. Sprays contain Insulin Diluting Medium for Novorapid and Levemir (Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark). The glass spray flasks are produced by AeroPump GmBH, Germany and give 0,1 ml of fluid per spray. To account for the small amount of insulin absorbed into circulation after the insulin nasal sprays, on the placebo day subjects will be administered 2.5 mU/kg of additional intravenous insulin (Actrapid, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) over 15 minutes.
[18F]-FDG PET-CTRadiation
Also called Tissue specific insulin sensitivity measurement
All subjects will undergo two positron emission tomography (PET) studies. On both visits they are injected with 185 MBq [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose and scanned with a combined PET and computed tomography scanner.
Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clampDrug
Also called Whole-body insulin sensitivity measurement
All subjects will undergo two hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies. The insulin infusion will be administered intravenously at a steady rate of 0.25 mU/kg/min for approximately 170 minutes. Glucose will be administered intravenously as a 200 mg/ml fluid to at varying rate to maintain euglycemia.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Insulin nasal spray | Active comparator | Subjects administer 2 intranasal sprays into each nostril every minute for 4 minutes, a total of 16 sprays. Sprays contain fast-acting human insulin Actrapid (Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark). The glass spray flasks are produced by AeroPump GmBH, Germany and give 0,1 ml of fluid per spray. To account for the small amount of insulin absorbed into circulation after the insulin nasal sprays, on the placebo day subjects will be administered 2.5 mU/kg of additional intravenous insulin (Actrapid, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) over 15 minutes.
30 min before spray administration a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp will be started and continued for 170 minutes. 40 min after spray administration [18F]-FDG PET-CT scan lasting 100 min is started. Receives: Drug: Actrapid; Radiation: [18F]-FDG PET-CT; Drug: Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp |
| Placebo nasal spray | Placebo comparator | Subjects administer 2 intranasal sprays into each nostril every minute for 4 minutes, a total of 16 sprays. Sprays contain Insulin Diluting Medium for Novorapid and Levemir (Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd,Denmark). The glass spray flasks are produced by AeroPump GmBH, Germany and give 0,1 ml of fluid per spray. To account for the small amount of insulin absorbed into circulation after the insulin nasal sprays, on the placebo day subjects will be administered 2.5 mU/kg of additional intravenous insulin (Actrapid, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd,Denmark) over 15 min.
30 min before spray administration a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp will be started and continued for 170 minutes. 40 min after spray administration [18F]-FDG PET-CT scan lasting 100 min is started. Receives: Drug: Placebo; Radiation: [18F]-FDG PET-CT; Drug: Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Skeletal muscle glucose uptake
Change in skeletal muscle insulin stimulated glucose uptake (μmol/min/kg) after insulin versus placebo nasal spray administration.
Measured: Data is collected during 100 min PET scan started 40 min after spray administration.
Secondary outcomes (2)
Endogenous glucose production
Change in endogenous glucose production after insulin versus placebo nasal spray administration (μmol/min/kg) . Endogenous glucose production is determined by subtracting urine loss and glucose infusion rate from rate of glucose disappearance facilitating measurements of fluorodeoxyglucose concentrations in plasma after the injection and in urine right after the end of PET scanning.
Measured: Data is collected during 100 min PET scan started 40 min after spray administration.
Liver glucose uptake
Change in liver insulin stimulated glucose uptake (μmol/min/kg) after insulin versus placebo nasal spray administration.
Measured: Data is collected during 100 min PET scan started 40 min after spray administration.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Oct 2016 (estimated)
- Study startApr 2016
- Primary completionDec 2016
- Study completionDec 2016
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Insulin ResistanceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Turku University HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 10 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Turku University Hospital
- Sponsor type
- Other government
- Collaborators
- University Hospital Tuebingen
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Pirjo Nuutila, MD,PhD, Principal investigator, Turku University Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02933645
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- T210/2015
- Other IDs
- 2015-005392-24, 2015
- Acronym
- NASO-PET
- Status last verified
- Jan 2018
- First submitted
- 11 May 2016
- Last updated
- 26 Jan 2018
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Publications
Heni M, Wagner R, Kullmann S, Veit R, Mat Husin H, Linder K, Benkendorff C, Peter A, Stefan N, Haring HU, Preissl H, Fritsche A. Central insulin administration improves whole-body insulin sensitivity via hypothalamus and parasympathetic outputs in men. Diabetes. 2014 Dec;63(12):4083-8. doi: 10.2337/db14-0477. Epub 2014 Jul 15.
PubMed 25028522Heni M, Kullmann S, Preissl H, Fritsche A, Haring HU. Impaired insulin action in the human brain: causes and metabolic consequences. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2015 Dec;11(12):701-11. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.173. Epub 2015 Oct 13.
PubMed 26460339Born J, Lange T, Kern W, McGregor GP, Bickel U, Fehm HL. Sniffing neuropeptides: a transnasal approach to the human brain. Nat Neurosci. 2002 Jun;5(6):514-6. doi: 10.1038/nn849. No abstract available.
PubMed 11992114DeFronzo RA, Tobin JD, Andres R. Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance. Am J Physiol. 1979 Sep;237(3):E214-23. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1979.237.3.E214.
PubMed 382871Patlak CS, Blasberg RG. Graphical evaluation of blood-to-brain transfer constants from multiple-time uptake data. Generalizations. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1985 Dec;5(4):584-90. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.1985.87.
PubMed 4055928Peltoniemi P, Lonnroth P, Laine H, Oikonen V, Tolvanen T, Gronroos T, Strindberg L, Knuuti J, Nuutila P. Lumped constant for [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose in skeletal muscles of obese and nonobese humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Nov;279(5):E1122-30. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.5.E1122.
PubMed 11052968Botker HE, Bottcher M, Schmitz O, Gee A, Hansen SB, Cold GE, Nielsen TT, Gjedde A. Glucose uptake and lumped constant variability in normal human hearts determined with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose. J Nucl Cardiol. 1997 Mar-Apr;4(2 Pt 1):125-32. doi: 10.1016/s1071-3581(97)90061-1.
PubMed 9115064Iozzo P, Jarvisalo MJ, Kiss J, Borra R, Naum GA, Viljanen A, Viljanen T, Gastaldelli A, Buzzigoli E, Guiducci L, Barsotti E, Savunen T, Knuuti J, Haaparanta-Solin M, Ferrannini E, Nuutila P. Quantification of liver glucose metabolism by positron emission tomography: validation study in pigs. Gastroenterology. 2007 Feb;132(2):531-42. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.12.040. Epub 2006 Dec 21.
PubMed 17258736Virtanen KA, Peltoniemi P, Marjamaki P, Asola M, Strindberg L, Parkkola R, Huupponen R, Knuuti J, Lonnroth P, Nuutila P. Human adipose tissue glucose uptake determined using [(18)F]-fluoro-deoxy-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) and PET in combination with microdialysis. Diabetologia. 2001 Dec;44(12):2171-9. doi: 10.1007/s001250100026.
PubMed 11793018Honka H, Makinen J, Hannukainen JC, Tarkia M, Oikonen V, Teras M, Fagerholm V, Ishizu T, Saraste A, Stark C, Vahasilta T, Salminen P, Kirjavainen A, Soinio M, Gastaldelli A, Knuuti J, Iozzo P, Nuutila P. Validation of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography (PET) for the measurement of intestinal metabolism in pigs, and evidence of intestinal insulin resistance in patients with morbid obesity. Diabetologia. 2013 Apr;56(4):893-900. doi: 10.1007/s00125-012-2825-5. Epub 2013 Jan 20.
PubMed 23334481Wu HM, Bergsneider M, Glenn TC, Yeh E, Hovda DA, Phelps ME, Huang SC. Measurement of the global lumped constant for 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose in normal human brain using [15O]water and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography imaging. A method with validation based on multiple methodologies. Mol Imaging Biol. 2003 Jan-Feb;5(1):32-41. doi: 10.1016/s1536-1632(02)00122-1.
PubMed 14499160Iozzo P, Gastaldelli A, Jarvisalo MJ, Kiss J, Borra R, Buzzigoli E, Viljanen A, Naum G, Viljanen T, Oikonen V, Knuuti J, Savunen T, Salvadori PA, Ferrannini E, Nuutila P. 18F-FDG assessment of glucose disposal and production rates during fasting and insulin stimulation: a validation study. J Nucl Med. 2006 Jun;47(6):1016-22.
PubMed 16741312
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Jan 2018. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Intranasal Insulin Administration on Tissue Specific Insulin Sensitivity
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02933645
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- NASO-PET / T210/2015
- Conditions
- Insulin Resistance
- Keywords
- Insulin, Intranasal, Glucose/metabolism, Glucose homeostasis
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 10 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Turku University HospitalOther government
- Collaborators
- University Hospital Tuebingen
- Study start
- Apr 2016 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Dec 2016 (actual)
- Study completion
- Dec 2016 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Oct 2016 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Recent research has suggested that intranasally administered insulin can reach the brain quickly without passing through circulation and evoke increased insulin sensitivity and tissue glucose consumption during insulin stimulation (low-dose hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp). It is still not known what mechanism causes these changes or what tissues are involved in this.
In this study, the changes in tissue-specific insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake will be investigated by using glucose-analogue radiotracer ([18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose) with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging during insulin stimulation. Ten healthy males are studied, each receiving nasal sprays containing insulin or placebo in a randomized order on two separate days. After spray administration, glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, liver, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, myocardium, intestines, brown adipose tissue and brain assessed by PET imaging and glucose uptake in these tissues is analyzed. Endogenous glucose production is calculated facilitating the measurements glucose and radiotracer uptake in tissues and tracer loss into urine.
As skeletal muscle consumes most of the glucose available, it is likely that administration of insulin sprays will result in an increased uptake in this tissue. Some increase in glucose uptake might also be seen in other tissue types after insulin spray versus placebo spray administration.
Detailed description
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of intranasally administered insulin versus placebo on tissue specific glucose uptake of the key metabolic organs as well as on endogenous glucose production.
SAMPLE SIZE:
A total of ten (n=10) healthy males are planned to be included, and the study is conducted with a cross-over design with each subject being investigated twice, once using intranasal insulin and once using intranasal placebo in single-blinded randomized order.
SCREENING VISIT/ELIGIBILITY:
Main inclusion and exclusion criteria will be evaluated at a screening visit. This visit will include a frequently-sampled 75 g oral glucose tolerance test as well as anthropometric measurements and clinical examination.
PET STUDY VISITS:
On the PET study days two cannulas will be inserted, one in a radial or an antecubital vein for tracer injection and infusion of glucose and insulin, another in the opposite radial or antecubital vein for blood sampling. The arm where the samples are taken will be kept warm to obtain arterialized venous blood. The subjects will rest in supine position on the PET/CT scanner bed during the study.
HYPERINSULINEMIC EUGLYCEMIC CLAMP:
Whole-body insulin sensitivity will be assessed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp with an primed insulin infusion rate of 0.25 mU/kg/min. To maintain the glucose level at 5.0 mmol/l intravenous glucose infusion is administered individually as needed to maintain euglycemia.
NASAL SPRAY ADMINISTRATION:
After 30 minutes of intravenous insulin infusion, the subjects will receive either 160 IU human insulin or placebo intranasally. The small amount of insulin known to be absorbed into circulation after the insulin nasal spray will be mimicked on placebo day. Therefore subjects will be administered 2.5 mU/kg of additional intravenous insulin over 15 minutes together with placebo spray administration.
LABORATORY SAMPLES:
To verify comparable insulin levels in circulation during the study, serum insulin and C-peptide levels will be determined in fasting state, and repeatedly throughout the experiment.
BLINDING:
The clinician and the study nurse are aware which spray is given, but subjects are blinded and additional insulin infusion on placebo day is done in a manner that the subjects remain blinded. The sprays are given on a randomized order. The randomization code was generated by a statistician using SAS, version 9.3 for Windows. The randomization block size was four and the method was permuted block randomization. The randomization was done for 16 subjects in case of discontinuations.
HEART RATE VARIABILITY:
Heart rate variability is recorded to evaluate changes in autonomous nervous system activity after spray administration on both visits. Polar RS800CX heart rate monitor (Polar Electro Ltd., Kempele, Finland) with two electrodes is used.
FDG-PET-IMAGING:
70 minutes after the start of clamp and 40 minutes after the application of nasal sprays the positron emission tomography (PET) scanning is started with the injection of glucose-analogue tracer labeled with positron-emitting fluorine-18 ([18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose, [18F]-FDG). PET/CT, GE DiscoveryTM ST System (General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA) with final resolution of 3.75 mm in PET images is used. All data will be corrected for dead-time, decay and measured photon attenuation. Dynamic PET-scans will be reconstructed with iterative reconstruction method. Radiotracer [18F]-FDG is produced in the PET Centre radiochemistry laboratory. Plasma radioactivity is measured with an automatic gamma counter by a medical technologist in the laboratory of the Turku PET Centre (Wizard 1480 3", Wallac, Turku, Finland).
PET-IMAGE ANALYSIS:
To determine tissue-specific glucose uptake during insulin stimulation from PET data, time-activity-curves of tissue activity and activity measured from plasma during the scanning are analysed graphically to define tracer's fractional uptake (Ki). To calculate glucose uptake rate (reported as µmol/kg/min), Ki is multiplied with plasma glucose level, divided with a constant that accounts for the differences in transport and dephosphorylation rates between D-glucose and FDG (lumped constant, LC) and divided with tissue specific gravity. Based on previous studies the LC is 1,2 for skeletal muscle; 1,0 for heart and liver; 1,14 for adipose tissue; 1,1 for intestines and 0,8 for brain. After the PET/CT an urine sample will be collected to quantify endogenous glucose production (EGP). This will be determined by subtracting urine loss and glucose infusion rate from rate of glucose disappearance.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Insulin nasal spray | Active comparator | Drug: Actrapid, Radiation: [18F]-FDG PET-CT, Drug: Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clampSubjects administer 2 intranasal sprays into each nostril every minute for 4 minutes, a total of 16 sprays. Sprays contain fast-acting human insulin Actrapid (Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark). The glass spray flasks are produced by AeroPump GmBH, Germany and give 0,1 ml of fluid per spray. To account for the small amount of insulin absorbed into circulation after the insulin nasal sprays, on the placebo day subjects will be administered 2.5 mU/kg of additional intravenous insulin (Actrapid, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) over 15 minutes. 30 min before spray administration a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp will be started and continued for 170 minutes. 40 min after spray administration [18F]-FDG PET-CT scan lasting 100 min is started. |
| Placebo nasal spray | Placebo comparator | Drug: Placebo, Radiation: [18F]-FDG PET-CT, Drug: Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clampSubjects administer 2 intranasal sprays into each nostril every minute for 4 minutes, a total of 16 sprays. Sprays contain Insulin Diluting Medium for Novorapid and Levemir (Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd,Denmark). The glass spray flasks are produced by AeroPump GmBH, Germany and give 0,1 ml of fluid per spray. To account for the small amount of insulin absorbed into circulation after the insulin nasal sprays, on the placebo day subjects will be administered 2.5 mU/kg of additional intravenous insulin (Actrapid, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd,Denmark) over 15 min. 30 min before spray administration a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp will be started and continued for 170 minutes. 40 min after spray administration [18F]-FDG PET-CT scan lasting 100 min is started. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 35 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- BMI 18,5-25 kg/m2
- Fasting plasma glucose less than 6.1 mmol/l
- Normal 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Any chronic disease or medication that could affect glucose metabolism
- History of anorexia nervosa or bulimia
- Smoking of tobacco, taking of snuffs, or use of narcotics
- Abusive use of alcohol
- Any other condition that in the opinion of the investigator could create a hazard to the subject safety, endanger the study procedures or interfere with the interpretation of study results
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| ActrapidAlso: ATC-code A10AB01Subjects administer 2 intranasal sprays into each nostril every minute for 4 minutes, a total of 16 sprays or 160 IU of fast-acting human insulin (Actrapid, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark). The glass spray flasks are produced by AeroPump GmBH, Germany and give 0,1 ml of fluid per spray. | Drug | Insulin nasal spray |
| PlaceboAlso: Insulin Diluting Medium for Novorapid and LevemirSubjects administer 2 intranasal sprays into each nostril every minute for 4 minutes, a total of 16 sprays. Sprays contain Insulin Diluting Medium for Novorapid and Levemir (Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark). The glass spray flasks are produced by AeroPump GmBH, Germany and give 0,1 ml of fluid per spray. To account for the small amount of insulin absorbed into circulation after the insulin nasal sprays, on the placebo day subjects will be administered 2.5 mU/kg of additional intravenous insulin (Actrapid, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) over 15 minutes. | Drug | Placebo nasal spray |
| [18F]-FDG PET-CTAlso: Tissue specific insulin sensitivity measurementAll subjects will undergo two positron emission tomography (PET) studies. On both visits they are injected with 185 MBq [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose and scanned with a combined PET and computed tomography scanner. | Radiation | Insulin nasal spray, Placebo nasal spray |
| Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clampAlso: Whole-body insulin sensitivity measurementAll subjects will undergo two hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies. The insulin infusion will be administered intravenously at a steady rate of 0.25 mU/kg/min for approximately 170 minutes. Glucose will be administered intravenously as a 200 mg/ml fluid to at varying rate to maintain euglycemia. | Drug | Insulin nasal spray, Placebo nasal spray |
Primary outcome
Skeletal muscle glucose uptake
Time frame: Data is collected during 100 min PET scan started 40 min after spray administration.
Change in skeletal muscle insulin stimulated glucose uptake (μmol/min/kg) after insulin versus placebo nasal spray administration.
2 secondary outcomes
Endogenous glucose production
Time frame: Data is collected during 100 min PET scan started 40 min after spray administration.
Liver glucose uptake
Time frame: Data is collected during 100 min PET scan started 40 min after spray administration.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Jan 2018.
- Background: PubMed 25028522Heni M, Wagner R, Kullmann S, Veit R, Mat Husin H, Linder K, Benkendorff C, Peter A, Stefan N, Haring HU, Preissl H, Fritsche A. Central insulin administration improves whole-body insulin sensitivity via hypothalamus and parasympathetic outputs in men. Diabetes. 2014 Dec;63(12):4083-8. doi: 10.2337/db14-0477. Epub 2014 Jul 15.
- Background: PubMed 26460339Heni M, Kullmann S, Preissl H, Fritsche A, Haring HU. Impaired insulin action in the human brain: causes and metabolic consequences. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2015 Dec;11(12):701-11. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.173. Epub 2015 Oct 13.
- Background: PubMed 11992114Born J, Lange T, Kern W, McGregor GP, Bickel U, Fehm HL. Sniffing neuropeptides: a transnasal approach to the human brain. Nat Neurosci. 2002 Jun;5(6):514-6. doi: 10.1038/nn849. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 382871DeFronzo RA, Tobin JD, Andres R. Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance. Am J Physiol. 1979 Sep;237(3):E214-23. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1979.237.3.E214.
- Background: PubMed 4055928Patlak CS, Blasberg RG. Graphical evaluation of blood-to-brain transfer constants from multiple-time uptake data. Generalizations. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1985 Dec;5(4):584-90. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.1985.87.
- Background: PubMed 11052968Peltoniemi P, Lonnroth P, Laine H, Oikonen V, Tolvanen T, Gronroos T, Strindberg L, Knuuti J, Nuutila P. Lumped constant for [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose in skeletal muscles of obese and nonobese humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Nov;279(5):E1122-30. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.5.E1122.
- Background: PubMed 9115064Botker HE, Bottcher M, Schmitz O, Gee A, Hansen SB, Cold GE, Nielsen TT, Gjedde A. Glucose uptake and lumped constant variability in normal human hearts determined with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose. J Nucl Cardiol. 1997 Mar-Apr;4(2 Pt 1):125-32. doi: 10.1016/s1071-3581(97)90061-1.
- Background: PubMed 17258736Iozzo P, Jarvisalo MJ, Kiss J, Borra R, Naum GA, Viljanen A, Viljanen T, Gastaldelli A, Buzzigoli E, Guiducci L, Barsotti E, Savunen T, Knuuti J, Haaparanta-Solin M, Ferrannini E, Nuutila P. Quantification of liver glucose metabolism by positron emission tomography: validation study in pigs. Gastroenterology. 2007 Feb;132(2):531-42. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.12.040. Epub 2006 Dec 21.
- Background: PubMed 11793018Virtanen KA, Peltoniemi P, Marjamaki P, Asola M, Strindberg L, Parkkola R, Huupponen R, Knuuti J, Lonnroth P, Nuutila P. Human adipose tissue glucose uptake determined using [(18)F]-fluoro-deoxy-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) and PET in combination with microdialysis. Diabetologia. 2001 Dec;44(12):2171-9. doi: 10.1007/s001250100026.
- Background: PubMed 23334481Honka H, Makinen J, Hannukainen JC, Tarkia M, Oikonen V, Teras M, Fagerholm V, Ishizu T, Saraste A, Stark C, Vahasilta T, Salminen P, Kirjavainen A, Soinio M, Gastaldelli A, Knuuti J, Iozzo P, Nuutila P. Validation of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography (PET) for the measurement of intestinal metabolism in pigs, and evidence of intestinal insulin resistance in patients with morbid obesity. Diabetologia. 2013 Apr;56(4):893-900. doi: 10.1007/s00125-012-2825-5. Epub 2013 Jan 20.
- Background: PubMed 14499160Wu HM, Bergsneider M, Glenn TC, Yeh E, Hovda DA, Phelps ME, Huang SC. Measurement of the global lumped constant for 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose in normal human brain using [15O]water and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography imaging. A method with validation based on multiple methodologies. Mol Imaging Biol. 2003 Jan-Feb;5(1):32-41. doi: 10.1016/s1536-1632(02)00122-1.
- Background: PubMed 16741312Iozzo P, Gastaldelli A, Jarvisalo MJ, Kiss J, Borra R, Buzzigoli E, Viljanen A, Naum G, Viljanen T, Oikonen V, Knuuti J, Savunen T, Salvadori PA, Ferrannini E, Nuutila P. 18F-FDG assessment of glucose disposal and production rates during fasting and insulin stimulation: a validation study. J Nucl Med. 2006 Jun;47(6):1016-22.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
Related trials for Insulin Resistance
Active, not recruiting
Effect of Probiotics on Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight and Obese Pregnancy
Obesity & Overweight, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)
Not yet recruitingPhase 2
Trial of the Combination of Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Mirabegron in Women and in Men With Obesity
Insulin Resistance, Obesity
Recruiting
Effects of Urolithin A Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Adults 55 >= Years Old: A Randomized Triple-Masked Controlled Clinical Trial
Healthy Volunteer
Not yet recruitingPhase 2
Effects of Meal Macronutrients on Postprandial Lipids
Nephrotic Syndrome, Lipodystrophy
RecruitingObservational study
Food-i-Sense Analytics: Integrating AI Into Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Analysis for Precision Nutrition.
Prediabetes (Insulin Resistance, Impaired Glucose Tolerance), Artificial Intelligence Mobile Application
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Pirjo Nuutila, MD,PhD principal investigator
Turku University Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Actrapid, [18F]-FDG PET-CT and Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp in people with Insulin Resistance, run by Turku University Hospital at 1 site in Finland.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Jan 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Finland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Skeletal muscle glucose uptake (time frame: Data is collected during 100 min PET scan started 40 min after spray administration.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02933645, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Jan 2018.