Carcinoma, Pancreatic DuctalNCT02928081
Standard Versus Extended Lymphadenectomy in Pancreatoduodenectomy for Patients With Pancreatic Head Adenocarcinoma
A study testing Extended lymphadenectomy and Standard lymphadenectomy in people with Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal, run by West China Hospital at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
The aim of this study is to determine whether the performance of extended lymphadenectomy in association with pancreatoduodenectomy improves the long-term survival in patients with pancreatic head ductal adenocarcinoma.Half of participants will receive pancreatoduodenectomy with extended lymphadenectomy,while the… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 75 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal
- What is being tested?
- Extended lymphadenectomy and Standard lymphadenectomy
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 320 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- Jan 2016to Apr 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 75 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Subject was diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma supported by pathological and radiological examination preoperatively
- Subject with absence of vascular invasion and metastasis
- Subject with absence of prior history of cancer
Who cannot join
- Subject was diagnosed that other pancreatic tumour types (neuroendocrine tumors, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, solid pseudopapillary neoplasm and pancreatitis)
- Subject was found with liver, omental, mesenteric or peritoneal metastasis intraoperatively
- Subject with presence of other significant diseases (e.g., coronary heart disease)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
China1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
West China Hospital
Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041
Xubao Liu, MD, 86-28-85422474, liuxb2011@126.com
Junjie Xiong, MD, 86-28-85422474, junjiex2011@126.com
About this study
Official title: Standard Versus Extended Lymphadenectomy in Pancreatoduodenectomy
The aim of this study is to determine whether the performance of extended lymphadenectomy in association with pancreatoduodenectomy improves the long-term survival in patients with pancreatic head ductal adenocarcinoma.Half of participants will receive pancreatoduodenectomy with extended lymphadenectomy,while the other half will receive pancreatoduodenectomy with standard lymphadenectomy.
Read the detailed description
Pancreatic cancer is a common malignant disease of the digestive system, and its incidence has been steadily increasing recently. Currently, the only potential curative treatment for pancreatic cancer is radical surgery. However, due to the peculiarity of the anatomical location of pancreas (in the retroperitoneum, surrounded by peripheral nerves and blood vessels) and its biological characteristics (neurotropic, highly malignant, and with probable skip metastasis), it is difficult to achieve R0 resection in patients with pancreatic cancer. High postoperative recurrence and distant metastasis rate are key factors in reducing long-term survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. The radical surgery modalities for pancreatoduodenectomy to achieve R0 resection involve extended lymphadenectomy, multivisceral resections, with or without simultaneous vein removals. Currently, the lymphadenectomy extent and approaches used to achieve R0 status are diverse. In 2014, the International Study Group for Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) reached a consensus to strive to resect lymph nodes (LNs) 5, 6, 8a, 12b1, 12b2, 12c, 13a, 13b, 14a, 14b, 17a, and 17b in standard lymphadenectomy for pancreatoduodenectomy. However, no consensus was reached on dissection of LN 16 due to variation in the literature and different expert opinions. On the current evidence, benefit of extended lymph node dissection seems to be outweighed by the risks. But deficiencies exist in the design of previous RCTs, such as insufficient sample size, lack of certain critical data for statistical analysis, inclusion of other pathological types of pancreatic neoplasms and variable retroperitoneal lymph node resection and nerve plexus dissection . Therefore, the power of evidence was low. Most studies report a high frequency of lymph node metastasis to LNs 13, 14, 17, 12 and 16 in pancreatic cancer, and tendency to metastasis from LNs 13, 14 to LN 16. In a lot of case reports, only nodal station 16a2 and 16b1 were positive in LN 16.
This study is performed to confirm whether pancreatoduodenectomy with extended lymphadenectomy could improve survival. Subjects undergoing surgery will be randomized to pancreatoduodenectomy with extended lymphadenectomy including nerve tissues around CHA and the SMA and nodes around the celiac trunk and SMA (No.16a2, 16b1) versus standard pancreatoduodenectomy. Subjects will be followed every three months for survivorship or death. The primary endpoint of 5-year overall or disease-free survival survival will be determined at five year post surgery.
- Conditions
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal
- Being tested
- Extended lymphadenectomy, Standard lymphadenectomy
- Medical subject headings
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Extended lymphadenectomyProcedure or surgery
Extended lymphadenectomy with nerve tissues around CHA and the SMA and nodes around the celiac trunk and SMA (No.16a2, 16b1)
Standard lymphadenectomyProcedure or surgery
Lymph node dissection includes(LN5, LN6),(LN8a, 8b),(LN12b1, 12b2, 12c),(LN13a, 13b),(LN14a, 14b),(LN17a, 17b)
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Extended lymphadenectomy | Experimental | In addition to the standard lymphadenectomy, the nerve tissues around CHA and the SMA and nodes around the celiac trunk and SMA (No.16a2, 16b1) must be dissected. Retroperitoneal lymphatic tissue, nerves and connective tissue range from the hepatic portal down to the beginning part of the inferior mesenteric artery, the right to the right renal hilus, left to the left edge of the abdominal aorta is included. Receives: Procedure: Extended lymphadenectomy |
| Standard lymphadenectomy | Other | Lymph node dissection includes the superior and inferior pyloric nodes (LN5, LN6), anterior and posterior nodes along the common hepatic artery (CHA) (LN8a, 8b), nodes along the common hepatic duct, common bile duct and cystic duct (LN12b1, 12b2, 12c), posterior pancreatoduodenal nodes (LN13a, 13b), nodes along the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) (LN14a, 14b), anterior pancreatoduodenal nodes (LN17a, 17b), but excluding the nerve tissues around common hepatic artery and the superior mesenteric artery. Receives: Procedure: Standard lymphadenectomy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
5-year overall survival rate
The percentage of patients that are alive at a 5 year
Measured: 5 years
Secondary outcomes (9)
Postoperative pancreatic fistula
ISGPS definition
Measured: Within 30 days or before discharge
Bile leakage
ISGLS definition
Measured: Within 30 days or before discharge
Delayed gastric emptying
ISGPS definition
Measured: Within 30 days or before discharge
Post-pancreatectomy haemorrhage
ISGPS definition
Measured: Within 30 days or before discharge
Intra-abdominal infection
Presence of fever, signs of peritonitis, high leukocytes count or positive peritoneal drainage fluid culture
Measured: Within 30 days or before discharge
Wound infection
Requiring invasive treatment, for example: positive wound exudate culture and requiring continuous re-open drainage or invasive treatment
Measured: Within 30 days or before discharge
Postoperative mortality
Death due to any cause before or at postoperative day 30 and 60
Measured: Within 30 days or 60 days
Quality of life
EORTC QLQ-C30, according to the scoring manual published by the EORTC Quality of Life group
Measured: 1 or 3 or 5 year
5-year disease-free survival rate
The percentage of patients alive without recurrence at a 5 year
Measured: 5 years
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Oct 2016 (estimated)
- Study startJan 2016
- Primary completionFeb 2021 (estimated)
- Study completionApr 2021 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Carcinoma, Pancreatic DuctalStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by West China HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 320 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- West China Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Chen Hongyu, West China Hospital
- Investigators
- Hongyu Chen, MD, Principal investigator, West China Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02928081
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2015267
- Status last verified
- Oct 2016
- First submitted
- 6 Oct 2016
- Last updated
- 7 Oct 2016
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Xiong J, Szatmary P, Huang W, de la Iglesia-Garcia D, Nunes QM, Xia Q, Hu W, Sutton R, Liu X, Raraty MG. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Program in Patients Undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 May;95(18):e3497. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003497.
PubMed 27149448Xiong JJ, Tan CL, Szatmary P, Huang W, Ke NW, Hu WM, Nunes QM, Sutton R, Liu XB. Meta-analysis of pancreaticogastrostomy versus pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Br J Surg. 2014 Sep;101(10):1196-208. doi: 10.1002/bjs.9553. Epub 2014 Jul 16.
PubMed 25042895Chen Y, Ke N, Tan C, Zhang H, Wang X, Mai G, Liu X. Continuous versus interrupted suture techniques of pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy. J Surg Res. 2015 Feb;193(2):590-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.07.066. Epub 2014 Aug 5.
PubMed 25175768Chen Y, Tan C, Mai G, Ke N, Liu X. Resection of pancreatic tumors involving the anterior surface of the superior mesenteric/portal veins axis: an alternative procedure to pancreaticoduodenectomy with vein resection. J Am Coll Surg. 2013 Oct;217(4):e21-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.07.383. No abstract available.
PubMed 24054418Chen Y, Wang X, Ke N, Mai G, Liu X. Inferior mesenteric vein serves as an alternative guide for transection of the pancreatic body during pancreaticoduodenectomy with concomitant vascular resection: a comparative study evaluating perioperative outcomes. Eur J Med Res. 2014 Aug 21;19(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s40001-014-0042-z.
PubMed 25141915Nimura Y, Nagino M, Takao S, Takada T, Miyazaki K, Kawarada Y, Miyagawa S, Yamaguchi A, Ishiyama S, Takeda Y, Sakoda K, Kinoshita T, Yasui K, Shimada H, Katoh H. Standard versus extended lymphadenectomy in radical pancreatoduodenectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas: long-term results of a Japanese multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2012 May;19(3):230-41. doi: 10.1007/s00534-011-0466-6.
PubMed 22038501Jang JY, Kang MJ, Heo JS, Choi SH, Choi DW, Park SJ, Han SS, Yoon DS, Yu HC, Kang KJ, Kim SG, Kim SW. A prospective randomized controlled study comparing outcomes of standard resection and extended resection, including dissection of the nerve plexus and various lymph nodes, in patients with pancreatic head cancer. Ann Surg. 2014 Apr;259(4):656-64. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000000384.
PubMed 24368638Wang Z, Ke N, Wang X, Wang X, Chen Y, Chen H, Liu J, He D, Tian B, Li A, Hu W, Li K, Liu X. Optimal extent of lymphadenectomy for radical surgery of pancreatic head adenocarcinoma: 2-year survival rate results of single-center, prospective, randomized controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Sep 3;100(35):e26918. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000026918.
PubMed 34477122
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Oct 2016. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Standard Versus Extended Lymphadenectomy in Pancreatoduodenectomy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02928081
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2015267
- Conditions
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 320 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- West China HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital
- Study start
- Jan 2016
- Primary completion
- Feb 2021 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Apr 2021 (estimated)
- First posted
- 7 Oct 2016 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this study is to determine whether the performance of extended lymphadenectomy in association with pancreatoduodenectomy improves the long-term survival in patients with pancreatic head ductal adenocarcinoma.Half of participants will receive pancreatoduodenectomy with extended lymphadenectomy,while the other half will receive pancreatoduodenectomy with standard lymphadenectomy.
Detailed description
Pancreatic cancer is a common malignant disease of the digestive system, and its incidence has been steadily increasing recently. Currently, the only potential curative treatment for pancreatic cancer is radical surgery. However, due to the peculiarity of the anatomical location of pancreas (in the retroperitoneum, surrounded by peripheral nerves and blood vessels) and its biological characteristics (neurotropic, highly malignant, and with probable skip metastasis), it is difficult to achieve R0 resection in patients with pancreatic cancer. High postoperative recurrence and distant metastasis rate are key factors in reducing long-term survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. The radical surgery modalities for pancreatoduodenectomy to achieve R0 resection involve extended lymphadenectomy, multivisceral resections, with or without simultaneous vein removals. Currently, the lymphadenectomy extent and approaches used to achieve R0 status are diverse. In 2014, the International Study Group for Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) reached a consensus to strive to resect lymph nodes (LNs) 5, 6, 8a, 12b1, 12b2, 12c, 13a, 13b, 14a, 14b, 17a, and 17b in standard lymphadenectomy for pancreatoduodenectomy. However, no consensus was reached on dissection of LN 16 due to variation in the literature and different expert opinions. On the current evidence, benefit of extended lymph node dissection seems to be outweighed by the risks. But deficiencies exist in the design of previous RCTs, such as insufficient sample size, lack of certain critical data for statistical analysis, inclusion of other pathological types of pancreatic neoplasms and variable retroperitoneal lymph node resection and nerve plexus dissection . Therefore, the power of evidence was low. Most studies report a high frequency of lymph node metastasis to LNs 13, 14, 17, 12 and 16 in pancreatic cancer, and tendency to metastasis from LNs 13, 14 to LN 16. In a lot of case reports, only nodal station 16a2 and 16b1 were positive in LN 16.
This study is performed to confirm whether pancreatoduodenectomy with extended lymphadenectomy could improve survival. Subjects undergoing surgery will be randomized to pancreatoduodenectomy with extended lymphadenectomy including nerve tissues around CHA and the SMA and nodes around the celiac trunk and SMA (No.16a2, 16b1) versus standard pancreatoduodenectomy. Subjects will be followed every three months for survivorship or death. The primary endpoint of 5-year overall or disease-free survival survival will be determined at five year post surgery.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Extended lymphadenectomy | Experimental | Procedure: Extended lymphadenectomyIn addition to the standard lymphadenectomy, the nerve tissues around CHA and the SMA and nodes around the celiac trunk and SMA (No.16a2, 16b1) must be dissected. Retroperitoneal lymphatic tissue, nerves and connective tissue range from the hepatic portal down to the beginning part of the inferior mesenteric artery, the right to the right renal hilus, left to the left edge of the abdominal aorta is included. |
| Standard lymphadenectomy | Other | Procedure: Standard lymphadenectomyLymph node dissection includes the superior and inferior pyloric nodes (LN5, LN6), anterior and posterior nodes along the common hepatic artery (CHA) (LN8a, 8b), nodes along the common hepatic duct, common bile duct and cystic duct (LN12b1, 12b2, 12c), posterior pancreatoduodenal nodes (LN13a, 13b), nodes along the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) (LN14a, 14b), anterior pancreatoduodenal nodes (LN17a, 17b), but excluding the nerve tissues around common hepatic artery and the superior mesenteric artery. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 75 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Subject was diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma supported by pathological and radiological examination preoperatively
- Subject with absence of vascular invasion and metastasis
- Subject with absence of prior history of cancer
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Subject was diagnosed that other pancreatic tumour types (neuroendocrine tumors, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, solid pseudopapillary neoplasm and pancreatitis)
- Subject was found with liver, omental, mesenteric or peritoneal metastasis intraoperatively
- Subject with presence of other significant diseases (e.g., coronary heart disease)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Extended lymphadenectomyExtended lymphadenectomy with nerve tissues around CHA and the SMA and nodes around the celiac trunk and SMA (No.16a2, 16b1) | Procedure or surgery | Extended lymphadenectomy |
| Standard lymphadenectomyLymph node dissection includes(LN5, LN6),(LN8a, 8b),(LN12b1, 12b2, 12c),(LN13a, 13b),(LN14a, 14b),(LN17a, 17b) | Procedure or surgery | Standard lymphadenectomy |
Primary outcome
5-year overall survival rate
Time frame: 5 years
The percentage of patients that are alive at a 5 year
9 secondary outcomes
Postoperative pancreatic fistula
Time frame: Within 30 days or before discharge
Bile leakage
Time frame: Within 30 days or before discharge
Delayed gastric emptying
Time frame: Within 30 days or before discharge
Post-pancreatectomy haemorrhage
Time frame: Within 30 days or before discharge
Intra-abdominal infection
Time frame: Within 30 days or before discharge
Wound infection
Time frame: Within 30 days or before discharge
Postoperative mortality
Time frame: Within 30 days or 60 days
Quality of life
Time frame: 1 or 3 or 5 year
5-year disease-free survival rate
Time frame: 5 years
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Oct 2016.
- Background: PubMed 27149448Xiong J, Szatmary P, Huang W, de la Iglesia-Garcia D, Nunes QM, Xia Q, Hu W, Sutton R, Liu X, Raraty MG. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Program in Patients Undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 May;95(18):e3497. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003497.
- Background: PubMed 25042895Xiong JJ, Tan CL, Szatmary P, Huang W, Ke NW, Hu WM, Nunes QM, Sutton R, Liu XB. Meta-analysis of pancreaticogastrostomy versus pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Br J Surg. 2014 Sep;101(10):1196-208. doi: 10.1002/bjs.9553. Epub 2014 Jul 16.
- Results publication: PubMed 25175768Chen Y, Ke N, Tan C, Zhang H, Wang X, Mai G, Liu X. Continuous versus interrupted suture techniques of pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy. J Surg Res. 2015 Feb;193(2):590-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.07.066. Epub 2014 Aug 5.
- Results publication: PubMed 24054418Chen Y, Tan C, Mai G, Ke N, Liu X. Resection of pancreatic tumors involving the anterior surface of the superior mesenteric/portal veins axis: an alternative procedure to pancreaticoduodenectomy with vein resection. J Am Coll Surg. 2013 Oct;217(4):e21-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.07.383. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 25141915Chen Y, Wang X, Ke N, Mai G, Liu X. Inferior mesenteric vein serves as an alternative guide for transection of the pancreatic body during pancreaticoduodenectomy with concomitant vascular resection: a comparative study evaluating perioperative outcomes. Eur J Med Res. 2014 Aug 21;19(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s40001-014-0042-z.
- Results publication: PubMed 22038501Nimura Y, Nagino M, Takao S, Takada T, Miyazaki K, Kawarada Y, Miyagawa S, Yamaguchi A, Ishiyama S, Takeda Y, Sakoda K, Kinoshita T, Yasui K, Shimada H, Katoh H. Standard versus extended lymphadenectomy in radical pancreatoduodenectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas: long-term results of a Japanese multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2012 May;19(3):230-41. doi: 10.1007/s00534-011-0466-6.
- Results publication: PubMed 24368638Jang JY, Kang MJ, Heo JS, Choi SH, Choi DW, Park SJ, Han SS, Yoon DS, Yu HC, Kang KJ, Kim SG, Kim SW. A prospective randomized controlled study comparing outcomes of standard resection and extended resection, including dissection of the nerve plexus and various lymph nodes, in patients with pancreatic head cancer. Ann Surg. 2014 Apr;259(4):656-64. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000000384.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 34477122Wang Z, Ke N, Wang X, Wang X, Chen Y, Chen H, Liu J, He D, Tian B, Li A, Hu W, Li K, Liu X. Optimal extent of lymphadenectomy for radical surgery of pancreatic head adenocarcinoma: 2-year survival rate results of single-center, prospective, randomized controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Sep 3;100(35):e26918. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000026918.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Hongyu Chen, MD principal investigator
West China Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Extended lymphadenectomy and Standard lymphadenectomy in people with Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal, run by West China Hospital at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Oct 2016. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Xubao Liu, MD (86-28-85422474, liuxb2011@126.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
5-year overall survival rate (time frame: 5 years). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02928081, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Oct 2016.