Schizophrenia and Related DisordersNCT02916810
Alternative Stimulation Mode and Location for Auditory Hallucination Neuromodulation Treatment
A study testing Active rTMS stimulation in people with Schizophrenia and Related Disorders, run by The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of the study is to test the hypothesis that functionally navigated repetitive TMS stimulations to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) modulate aberrant cortical electrical activities at PFC circuitry. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 50 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Schizophrenia and Related Disorders
- What is being tested?
- Active rTMS stimulation
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 140 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 Feb 2025to 1 Jul 2029
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 50 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Male and female ages between ages 18-50 years
- Ability to give written informed consent (age 18 or above)
- Diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder and Evaluation to Sign Consent (ESC) above 10.
- Is currently under the care of a licensed primary care provider or mental healthcare provider (e.g., psychiatrist, psychologist, nurse practitioner, licensed clinical social worker).
- Have auditory hallucinations despite treated by two or more antipsychotics including one atypical antipsychotic medication.
- Agrees to: (a) provide written permission, as requested, to allow any and all forms of communication between the investigators and study staff and any health care provider who currently provides and/or has provided service to the subject within two years of study enrollment; and (b) provide the names and verifiable contact information (name, email and mailing address, mobile and land-line phone number, as applicable) of at least two reliable persons ≥ age 22, who reside within a 30-minute drive of the subject's residence, and whom the research staff is at liberty to contact, as deemed necessary, for the duration of study participation.
Who cannot join
- Persons with a first-degree relative with inherited epilepsy, seizure disorder, or seizures or persons who answer "yes" to any of the parts (A. - G.) of Question 3 of an epilepsy screening questionnaire.
- Taking > 400 mg clozapine/day and not on anti-seizure medication(s) with sufficient dose.
- Failed TMS screening questionnaire.
- Significant alcohol or other drug use (substance abuse within 1 month or substance dependence history within 6 months and having substance usage within 1 month) other than nicotine or marijuana dependence
- Any major medical illnesses that may affect normal brain functioning. Examples of these conditions include, but not limited to, stroke, CNS infection or tumor, other significant brain neurological conditions.
- Cardiac pacemakers, implanted medication pumps, intracardiac lines, or acute, unstable cardiac disease, with intracranial implants (e.g. aneurysm clips, shunts, stimulators, cochlear implants, or electrodes) or any other metal object within or near the head, excluding the mouth, that cannot be safely removed.
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- History of head injury with loss of consciousness over 10 minutes; history of brain surgery
- Cannot refrain from using alcohol and/or marijuana 24 hours or more prior to experiments.
- Woman who is pregnant (child-bearing potential but not on contraceptive and missing menstrual period; or by self-report; or by positive pregnancy test) or has had unprotected sexual intercourse without birth control in the last 4 weeks.
- Moderate-High Risk of suicide according to the Columbia - Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Screen Version - Recent (i.e. answers YES to Question 3 and NO to Question 6 (Moderate risk); or answers YES to Questions 4, 5, or 6 (High risk) or in the clinical judgement of the investigator or the study psychiatrist.
- In the medical opinion of the investigator, subjects with the following circumstances or conditions which can increase the risk of seizures may be excluded: sleep deprivation; major depressive disorder comorbid with dementia, underweight status; concurrent use of cephalosporins and antiarrhythmics (particularly propranolol); metabolic abnormalities (hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, renal failure/uremia, liver failure); raised blood concentrations of proconvulsant medications due to reduced clearance (e.g. secondary to initiation of antibiotics for treatment of infections); alcohol withdrawal; use of stimulants, such as cocaine or MDMA; use of immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine, tacrolimus and other agents that can cause the posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome; dialysis; systemic infection, and fever itself.
- History (or family history) of deep vein thrombosis.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United States1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Houston, Texas, 77030
Xiaoming Du, PhD, 713-486-2700, Xiaoming.Du@uth.tmc.edu
About this study
The purpose of the study is to test the hypothesis that functionally navigated repetitive TMS stimulations to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) modulate aberrant cortical electrical activities at PFC circuitry. The TMS location of the PFC site will be individually localized by the symptom-related functional connectivity between PFC and symptom related areas (such as the auditory and language processing cortex). The investigators predict that such modulation will correct abnormal activities in patients with schizophrenia, reduce symptoms, especially auditory hallucination, and improve working memory/sustained attention performance.
Read the detailed description
Neuroimaging studies suggest that aberrant activities at specific brain regions such as sensory areas and language-related areas are related to psychosis symptoms including auditory and visual hallucination, delusion, and thought disorders. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provides a non-invasive means for altering brain electrical neural activity. TMS has been approved by FDA for treatment of depression. Other applications have not been approved but it has been used in a wide range of clinical research especially in neurology and psychiatry. Among psychotic symptoms, there are preliminary significant improvement in treatments of auditory hallucination using TMS with small samples, but those treatments are not robust in larger samples. The high inter-subject variability limits the efficacy of TMS treatment in schizophrenia patients. The investigators aim to develop a TMS treatment method with a fMRI-defined treatment target area, where the TMS target is individually identified to maximize the TMS effects. The identification method uses both the anatomical character and its functional relationship with auditory hallucination and other psychosis symptoms. If the current target-identification successfully identified effective TMS target individually, the treatment efficacy will be significant improved and more patients will benefit from TMS treatment.
- Conditions
- Schizophrenia and Related Disorders
- Being tested
- Active rTMS stimulation, Sham rTMS stimulation
- Keywords
- transcranial magnetic stimulation, schizophrenia, MRI
- Medical subject headings
- Schizophrenia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Active rTMS stimulationDevice
Participants will receive two rTMS sessions in each treatment visit for up to 22 visits within about 6 weeks. There is a 30-minute rest between the two rTMS sessions.
Sham rTMS stimulationDevice
Participants will receive two sham rTMS sessions in each treatment visit for up to 22 visits within about 6 weeks. There is a 30-minute rest between the two sham rTMS sessions.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Active rTMS stimulation | Active comparator | Not described Receives: Device: Active rTMS stimulation |
| Sham rTMS stimulation | Sham comparator | Not described Receives: Device: Sham rTMS stimulation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Brain connectivity as indicated by resting state functional connectivity value as assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to evaluate the brain activities that are corresponding to the treatment effect on auditory hallucination.
Measured: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Secondary outcomes (13)
Electrophysiological responses as indicated by mismatch negativity amplitudes from electroencephalography recording (EEG)
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is used to evaluate the brain electrical activities that are corresponding to the treatment effect on auditory hallucination.
Measured: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Electrophysiological responses as indicated by steady-state auditory evoked potentials from electroencephalography recording (EEG)
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is used to evaluate the brain electrical activities that are corresponding to the treatment effect on auditory hallucination.
Measured: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Auditory hallucinations as assessed by Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSYRATS)
Total score ranges from 0 to 44, with a lower score indicating a better outcome.
Measured: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Negative symptoms as assessed by Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS)
Total score ranges from 0 to 90, with a lower score indicating a better outcome.
Measured: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Cognitive insight as assessed by the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS)
Total score ranges from 15 to 60, with a lower score indicating a better outcome.
Measured: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Depression as assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory measures the severity of depression
Total score ranges from 0 to 63, with a lower score indicating a better outcome.
Measured: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Depression as assessed by the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS)
Total score ranges from 0 to 27, with a lower score indicating a better outcome.
Measured: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Perception as assessed by the Perception State and Trait Scales (State score)
The Perception State and Trait Scale measures subtle auditory and visual anomalies. State total score ranges from 0 to 48, with a lower score indicating a better outcome.
Measured: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Perception as assessed by the Perception State and Trait Scales (Trait score)
The Perception State and Trait Scale measures subtle auditory and visual anomalies. Trait total score ranges from 0 to 48, with a lower score indicating a better outcome.
Measured: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Delusion as assessed by the Peters Delusions Inventory (yes/no score)
The Peters Delusions Inventory measures subtle delusional tendencies. Yes/No total score ranges from 0 to 21, with a lower score indicating a better outcome.
Measured: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Delusion as assessed by the Peters Delusions Inventory (distress score)
The Peters Delusions Inventory measures subtle delusional tendencies. Distress total score ranges from 0 to 105, with a lower score indicating a better outcome.
Measured: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Delusion as assessed by the Peters Delusions Inventory (pre-occupation score)
The Peters Delusions Inventory measures subtle delusional tendencies. Pre-occupation total score ranges from 0 to 105, with a lower score indicating a better outcome.
Measured: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Delusion as assessed by the Peters Delusions Inventory (conviction score)
The Peters Delusions Inventory measures subtle delusional tendencies. Conviction total score ranges from 0 to 105, with a lower score indicating a better outcome.
Measured: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Sep 2016 (estimated)
- Study start1 Feb 2025
- Primary completion1 Jul 2029 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Jul 2029 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Schizophrenia and Related DisordersStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by The University of Texas Health Science Center, HoustonThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 140 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Xiaoming Du, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
- Investigators
- Xiaoming Du, PhD, Principal investigator, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02916810
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HSC-MS-24-0336
- Other IDs
- R61MH128390
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 28 Jun 2016
- Last updated
- 3 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- Yes
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Alternative Stimulation Mode and Location for Auditory Hallucination Neuromodulation Treatment
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02916810
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HSC-MS-24-0336
- Conditions
- Schizophrenia and Related Disorders
- Keywords
- transcranial magnetic stimulation, schizophrenia, MRI
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 140 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, HoustonUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
- Study start
- 1 Feb 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jul 2029 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Jul 2029 (estimated)
- First posted
- 27 Sep 2016 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of the study is to test the hypothesis that functionally navigated repetitive TMS stimulations to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) modulate aberrant cortical electrical activities at PFC circuitry. The TMS location of the PFC site will be individually localized by the symptom-related functional connectivity between PFC and symptom related areas (such as the auditory and language processing cortex). The investigators predict that such modulation will correct abnormal activities in patients with schizophrenia, reduce symptoms, especially auditory hallucination, and improve working memory/sustained attention performance.
Detailed description
Neuroimaging studies suggest that aberrant activities at specific brain regions such as sensory areas and language-related areas are related to psychosis symptoms including auditory and visual hallucination, delusion, and thought disorders. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provides a non-invasive means for altering brain electrical neural activity. TMS has been approved by FDA for treatment of depression. Other applications have not been approved but it has been used in a wide range of clinical research especially in neurology and psychiatry. Among psychotic symptoms, there are preliminary significant improvement in treatments of auditory hallucination using TMS with small samples, but those treatments are not robust in larger samples. The high inter-subject variability limits the efficacy of TMS treatment in schizophrenia patients. The investigators aim to develop a TMS treatment method with a fMRI-defined treatment target area, where the TMS target is individually identified to maximize the TMS effects. The identification method uses both the anatomical character and its functional relationship with auditory hallucination and other psychosis symptoms. If the current target-identification successfully identified effective TMS target individually, the treatment efficacy will be significant improved and more patients will benefit from TMS treatment.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Active rTMS stimulation | Active comparator | Device: Active rTMS stimulation |
| Sham rTMS stimulation | Sham comparator | Device: Sham rTMS stimulation |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 50 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Male and female ages between ages 18-50 years
- Ability to give written informed consent (age 18 or above)
- Diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder and Evaluation to Sign Consent (ESC) above 10.
- Is currently under the care of a licensed primary care provider or mental healthcare provider (e.g., psychiatrist, psychologist, nurse practitioner, licensed clinical social worker).
- Have auditory hallucinations despite treated by two or more antipsychotics including one atypical antipsychotic medication.
Key exclusion criteria (12 listed)
- Persons with a first-degree relative with inherited epilepsy, seizure disorder, or seizures or persons who answer "yes" to any of the parts (A. - G.) of Question 3 of an epilepsy screening questionnaire.
- Taking > 400 mg clozapine/day and not on anti-seizure medication(s) with sufficient dose.
- Failed TMS screening questionnaire.
- Significant alcohol or other drug use (substance abuse within 1 month or substance dependence history within 6 months and having substance usage within 1 month) other than nicotine or marijuana dependence
- Any major medical illnesses that may affect normal brain functioning. Examples of these conditions include, but not limited to, stroke, CNS infection or tumor, other significant brain neurological conditions.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Active rTMS stimulationParticipants will receive two rTMS sessions in each treatment visit for up to 22 visits within about 6 weeks. There is a 30-minute rest between the two rTMS sessions. | Device | Active rTMS stimulation |
| Sham rTMS stimulationParticipants will receive two sham rTMS sessions in each treatment visit for up to 22 visits within about 6 weeks. There is a 30-minute rest between the two sham rTMS sessions. | Device | Sham rTMS stimulation |
Primary outcome
Brain connectivity as indicated by resting state functional connectivity value as assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Time frame: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to evaluate the brain activities that are corresponding to the treatment effect on auditory hallucination.
13 secondary outcomes
Electrophysiological responses as indicated by mismatch negativity amplitudes from electroencephalography recording (EEG)
Time frame: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Electrophysiological responses as indicated by steady-state auditory evoked potentials from electroencephalography recording (EEG)
Time frame: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Auditory hallucinations as assessed by Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSYRATS)
Time frame: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Negative symptoms as assessed by Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS)
Time frame: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Cognitive insight as assessed by the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS)
Time frame: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Depression as assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory measures the severity of depression
Time frame: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Depression as assessed by the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS)
Time frame: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Perception as assessed by the Perception State and Trait Scales (State score)
Time frame: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Perception as assessed by the Perception State and Trait Scales (Trait score)
Time frame: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Delusion as assessed by the Peters Delusions Inventory (yes/no score)
Time frame: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Delusion as assessed by the Peters Delusions Inventory (distress score)
Time frame: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Delusion as assessed by the Peters Delusions Inventory (pre-occupation score)
Time frame: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Delusion as assessed by the Peters Delusions Inventory (conviction score)
Time frame: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Aug 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Xiaoming Du, PhD principal investigator
The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Active rTMS stimulation in people with Schizophrenia and Related Disorders, run by The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 12 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Xiaoming Du, PhD ((713) 486-2700, Xiaoming.Du@uth.tmc.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Brain connectivity as indicated by resting state functional connectivity value as assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (time frame: baseline, intermittent (before or at the beginning of treatment visit 11, about 2 weeks after baseline), end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20, about 4 weeks after baseline)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Aug 2026.