Immunologic Deficiency SyndromesGSINCT02735824
Genetic Study of Immunodeficiency: Search for New Genetic Causes for Primary Immunodeficiencies
An observational study of Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes and Primary Immune Deficiency (PID), run by University Children's Hospital, Zurich at 1 site in Switzerland.
Trial summary
Individuals with suspected primary immunodeficiency will be studied and the results compared with healthy controls. Primary immunodeficiency may manifest as recurrent, severe or unusual infections as well as signs and symptoms of immune dysregulation such as autoimmunity or lymphoproliferation. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any ageHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes, Primary Immune Deficiency (PID)
- What is being tested?
- Skin Biopsy, Mouth Swab or Saliva Collection and Blood Sampling
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- How many people
- 500 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSwitzerland
- Study dates
- Feb 2016to Dec 2027
- Phase
- Observational
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Study population: The study population consists of pediatric patients (inpatients and outpatients) and individuals referred for immunological evaluation at the University Children's Hospital Zurich from national and international centers. To facilitate comparative analysis, the population also includes healthy biological relatives of these patients and healthy volunteers recruited from the Zurich area and across Switzerland.
Who may be able to join
- Patients: Pediatric patients (in/outpatient or referred) with suspected or confirmed Inborn Errors of Immunity.
- Relatives: Healthy or affected biological relatives of enrolled patients.
- Controls: Healthy volunteers with no history of chronic immunological, inflammatory, or infectious disease.
- Consent: Ability to provide signed informed consent (or guardian consent).
Who cannot join
None listed.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Switzerland1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Division of Immunology
Zurich, Canton of Zurich, 8008
Jana M Pachlopnik Schmid, Prof. Dr., MD PhD, +41 44 249 64 70, jana.pachlopnik@kispi.uzh.ch
About this study
Individuals with suspected primary immunodeficiency will be studied and the results compared with healthy controls. Primary immunodeficiency may manifest as recurrent, severe or unusual infections as well as signs and symptoms of immune dysregulation such as autoimmunity or lymphoproliferation.
Read the detailed description
Patients with a suspected immunodeficiency will be identified and invited to participate. Upon agreement, an additional blood sample will be collected when they have their routine bloods taken. If the study participants undergoes anaesthesia for any other reason, a small skin biopsy will be taken as well. Additional samples including blood samples or mouth swabs will be taken from healthy family members. Blood from healthy controls will only be taken when there is a clinical need for blood sampling (or when the study participant is already anaesthetised for any other reason) and not for research purposes only.
- Being tested
- Skin Biopsy, Mouth Swab or Saliva Collection, Blood Sampling
- Medical subject headings
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes, Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Skin BiopsyProcedure or surgery
A punch biopsy of the skin and underlying connective tissue is performed to establish fibroblast cultures. For pediatric patients, the procedure is conducted while the patient is under general anesthesia for other clinical indications. For adult patients, the biopsy is performed under local anesthesia as needed. This intervention follows cosmetic/aesthetic considerations and is therefore typically collected from the inner aspect of the upper arm.
Mouth Swab or Saliva CollectionProcedure or surgery
Non-invasive collection of epithelial cells via a swab of the buccal mucosa (inner cheek) to obtain biological material for comparative genetic analysis with minimal burden.
Blood SamplingProcedure or surgery
Collection of nucleated blood cells, serum, and plasma from blood and subsequent genetic testing, functional assays, as well as antibody and cytokine measurements. To minimize risk and burden, blood sampling in pediatric patients is opportunistic (performed during routine clinical diagnostics or while under anesthesia) and capped at 1% of total blood volume per sampling and 3% over a 4-week period (adjusted by body weight). In adult patients, up to 50mL venous blood is sampled, typically performed during clinic visits or routine check-ups.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Patients with suspected PID | From included patients with suspected primary immunodeficiency (PID), i.e. patients with recurrent/unusual infection, immune dysregulation and/or susceptibility to malignancies from whom consent to participate was obtained, nucleated blood cells and/or fibroblasts from skin biopsy will be used for genetic testing and functional assays. Blood serum will be used for antibody and cytokine measurement. Receives: Procedure: Skin Biopsy; Procedure: Mouth Swab or Saliva Collection; Procedure: Blood Sampling | |
| Healthy Relatives of Patients with PID | From healthy relatives of patients with suspected PID from whom consent to participate was obtained, nucleated cells will be used for genetic testing in order to compare their genetic information with the one form their relatives with suspected PID. Receives: Procedure: Mouth Swab or Saliva Collection; Procedure: Blood Sampling | |
| Healthy Volunteers | From healthy volunteers from whom consent to participate was obtained, nucleated blood cells will be used for genetic testing and functional assays. Blood serum will be used for antibody and cytokine measurement. The data obtained will be compared to age matched patients with suspected PID. Receives: Procedure: Mouth Swab or Saliva Collection; Procedure: Blood Sampling |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Number of patients with suspected PID for whom a genetic cause has been identified
Number of patients with suspected primary immunodeficiency included in the study for whom a diagnosis can be made with the genetic and functional data obtained from patients, their relatives and healthy volunteers.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 3 years
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Apr 2016 (estimated)
- Study startFeb 2016
- Primary completionJul 2027 (estimated)
- Study completionDec 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (42)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Immunologic Deficiency SyndromesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 500 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University Children's Hospital, Zurich
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Jana M Pachlopnik Schmid, MD PhD, Principal investigator, University Children's Hospital, Zurich
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02735824
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- GSI KEK_2015-0555
- Acronym
- GSI
- Status last verified
- May 2026
- First submitted
- 10 Mar 2016
- Last updated
- 14 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: planned publication in peer reviewed journals (PubMed)
Publications
Mozun R, Belle FN, Agostini A, Baumgartner MR, Fellay J, Forrest CB, Froese DS, Giannoni E, Goetze S, Hofmann K, Latzin P, Lauener R, Martin Necker A, Ormond K, Pachlopnik Schmid J, Pedrioli PGA, Posfay-Barbe KM, Rauch A, M Schulzke S, Stocker M, Spycher BD, Vayena E, Welzel T, Zamboni N, Vogt JE, Schlapbach LJ, Bielicki JA, Kuehni CE; SwissPedHealth consortium. Paediatric Personalized Research Network Switzerland (SwissPedHealth): a joint paediatric national data stream. BMJ Open. 2024 Dec 26;14(12):e091884. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-091884.
PubMed 39725440Lewandowska DW, Capaul R, Prader S, Zagordi O, Geissberger FD, Kugler M, Knorr M, Berger C, Gungor T, Reichenbach J, Shah C, Boni J, Zbinden A, Trkola A, Pachlopnik Schmid J, Huber M. Persistent mammalian orthoreovirus, coxsackievirus and adenovirus co-infection in a child with a primary immunodeficiency detected by metagenomic sequencing: a case report. BMC Infect Dis. 2018 Jan 11;18(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-2946-7.
PubMed 29325543Simonis A, Fux M, Nair G, Mueller NJ, Haralambieva E, Pabst T, Pachlopnik Schmid J, Schmidt A, Schanz U, Manz MG, Muller AMS. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with GATA2 deficiency-a case report and comprehensive review of the literature. Ann Hematol. 2018 Oct;97(10):1961-1973. doi: 10.1007/s00277-018-3388-4. Epub 2018 Jun 13.
PubMed 29947977Mauracher AA, Gujer E, Bachmann LM, Gusewell S, Pachlopnik Schmid J. Patterns of Immune Dysregulation in Primary Immunodeficiencies: A Systematic Review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021 Feb;9(2):792-802.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.10.057. Epub 2020 Nov 11.
PubMed 33186766Truck J, Prader S, Natalucci G, Hagmann C, Brotschi B, Kelly J, Bassler D, Steindl K, Rauch A, Baumgartner M, Fingerhut R, Hauri-Hohl M, Gungor T, Pachlopnik Schmid J, Berger C, Reichenbach J. Swiss newborn screening for severe T and B cell deficiency with a combined TREC/KREC assay - management recommendations. Swiss Med Wkly. 2020 Jun 24;150:w20254. doi: 10.4414/smw.2020.20254. eCollection 2020 Jun 15.
PubMed 32579701Mauracher AA, Pagliarulo F, Faes L, Vavassori S, Gungor T, Bachmann LM, Pachlopnik Schmid J. Causes of low neonatal T-cell receptor excision circles: A systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017 Sep-Oct;5(5):1457-1460.e22. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.02.009. Epub 2017 Mar 27. No abstract available.
PubMed 28359806Lemoine R, Pachlopnik-Schmid J, Farin HF, Bigorgne A, Debre M, Sepulveda F, Heritier S, Lemale J, Talbotec C, Rieux-Laucat F, Ruemmele F, Morali A, Cathebras P, Nitschke P, Bole-Feysot C, Blanche S, Brousse N, Picard C, Clevers H, Fischer A, de Saint Basile G. Immune deficiency-related enteropathy-lymphocytopenia-alopecia syndrome results from tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Dec;134(6):1354-1364.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.019. Epub 2014 Aug 28.
PubMed 25174867Pachlopnik Schmid J, Gungor T, Seger R. Modern management of primary T-cell immunodeficiencies. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2014 Jun;25(4):300-13. doi: 10.1111/pai.12179. Epub 2014 Jan 3.
PubMed 24383740Planas R, Felber M, Vavassori S, Pachlopnik Schmid J. The hyperinflammatory spectrum: from defects in cytotoxicity to cytokine control. Front Immunol. 2023 Apr 28;14:1163316. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163316. eCollection 2023.
PubMed 37187762Prader S, Ritz N, Baleydier F, Andre MC, Stahli N, Schmid K, Schmid H, Woerner A, Diesch T, Meyer Sauteur PM, Truck J, Gebistorf F, Opitz L, Killian MP, Marchetti T, Vavassori S, Blanchard-Rohner G, Mc Lin V, Grazioli S, Pachlopnik Schmid J. X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Disease Mimicking Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children-A Case Report. Front Pediatr. 2021 Aug 3;9:691024. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.691024. eCollection 2021.
PubMed 34414143Lorenzini T, Malmstrom L, Sabet O, Milanesi S, Tintor D, Walser S, Koppen J, Soomann M, Hauri-Hohl M, Prader S, Doffinger R, Pachlopnik Schmid J. Case report: anti-IL-6 autoantibodies in a patient with immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome. Front Immunol. 2025 Sep 4;16:1660161. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1660161. eCollection 2025.
PubMed 40977713Milanesi S, Lorenzini T, Marchetti T, Tintor D, Planas R, Sabet O, Malmstrom L, Acharya S, Williams CD, Manning ZE, Roser JH, Ehler AC, Huber M, Prader S, Vavassori S, Dutmer CM, Abbott JK, Pachlopnik Schmid J. Variants in human CD48 lead to impaired T cell immunity and increased inflammation. J Clin Invest. 2026 Apr 14;136(11):e191340. doi: 10.1172/JCI191340. eCollection 2026 Jun 1.
PubMed 41984595Marquardt L, Lacour M, Hoernes M, Opitz L, Lecca R, Volkmer B, Reichenbach J, Hohl D, Ansari M, Ozsahin H, Gungor T, Pachlopnik Schmid J. Unusual dermatological presentation and immune phenotype in SCID due to an IL7R mutation: the value of whole-exome sequencing and the potential benefit of newborn screening. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017 Mar;31(3):e147-e148. doi: 10.1111/jdv.13888. Epub 2016 Sep 5. No abstract available.
PubMed 27593400Vavassori S, Galson JD, Truck J, van den Berg A, Tamminga RYJ, Magerus-Chatinet A, Pelle O, Camenisch Gross U, Marques Maggio E, Prader S, Opitz L, Nuesch U, Mauracher A, Volkmer B, Speer O, Suda L, Rothlisberger B, Zimmermann DR, Muller R, Diepstra A, Visser L, Haralambieva E, Neven B, Rieux-Laucat F, Pachlopnik Schmid J. Lymphadenopathy driven by TCR-Vgamma8Vdelta1 T-cell expansion in FAS-related autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Blood Adv. 2017 Jun 22;1(15):1101-1106. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017006411. eCollection 2017 Jun 27.
PubMed 29296752Schwab C, Gabrysch A, Olbrich P, Patino V, Warnatz K, Wolff D, Hoshino A, Kobayashi M, Imai K, Takagi M, Dybedal I, Haddock JA, Sansom DM, Lucena JM, Seidl M, Schmitt-Graeff A, Reiser V, Emmerich F, Frede N, Bulashevska A, Salzer U, Schubert D, Hayakawa S, Okada S, Kanariou M, Kucuk ZY, Chapdelaine H, Petruzelkova L, Sumnik Z, Sediva A, Slatter M, Arkwright PD, Cant A, Lorenz HM, Giese T, Lougaris V, Plebani A, Price C, Sullivan KE, Moutschen M, Litzman J, Freiberger T, van de Veerdonk FL, Recher M, Albert MH, Hauck F, Seneviratne S, Pachlopnik Schmid J, Kolios A, Unglik G, Klemann C, Speckmann C, Ehl S, Leichtner A, Blumberg R, Franke A, Snapper S, Zeissig S, Cunningham-Rundles C, Giulino-Roth L, Elemento O, Duckers G, Niehues T, Fronkova E, Kanderova V, Platt CD, Chou J, Chatila TA, Geha R, McDermott E, Bunn S, Kurzai M, Schulz A, Alsina L, Casals F, Deya-Martinez A, Hambleton S, Kanegane H, Tasken K, Neth O, Grimbacher B. Phenotype, penetrance, and treatment of 133 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4-insufficient subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Dec;142(6):1932-1946. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.02.055. Epub 2018 May 4.
PubMed 29729943