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HypogonadismPhase 3TestILNCT02672592

Effects of Interleukin-1 Beta on Low Testosterone Levels in Men With Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

A Phase 3 study testing Anakinra and Sodium Chloride 0.9% in people with Hypogonadism and Metabolic Syndrome X, run by University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland at 2 sites in Switzerland.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in men are associated with a high prevalence of hypogonadism of up to 50%. Increased fat mass leads to augmented release of adipocytokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1-beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha which in turn suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 75 years, men only
Conditions the study is for
Hypogonadism, Metabolic Syndrome X, Obesity
What is being tested?
Anakinra and Sodium Chloride 0.9%
Could I receive a placebo?
Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
How many people
70 participants
Where
2 sitesSwitzerland
Study dates
Jan 2016to Jun 2017
Phase
Phase 3
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 75 years
  • Men only
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Informed consent as documented by signature,
  • Men at the age between 18 and 75 years,
  • BMI >30 kg/m2 and at least 1 manifestation of the metabolic syndrome (i.e. prediabetes, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia),
  • Total testosterone level <12 nmol/l.

Who cannot join

  • Previous or current medication with testosterone,
  • Testosterone deficiency of other cause, i.e. primary hypogonadism caused e.g. by Klinefelters syndrome, cryptorchidism, condition following orchiectomy. Known secondary hypogonadism caused by pituitary adenoma. Patients on antiandrogen medication,
  • Clinical signs of infection in the week before inclusion or history of a severe infection during the last 2 months,
  • Severe immunosuppression (e.g. patients with previously known infection with human immunodeficiency virus and a cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count below 350 x 109/L, patients on immunosuppressive therapy after solid organ transplantation and neutropenic patients with neutrophil count < 500 x 109/L and patients under chemotherapy with neutrophils 500-1000 x 109/L with an expected decrease to values < 500 x 109/L),
  • Hematologic disease (leukocyte count < 1.5 x 109/l, hemoglobin < 11 g/dl, platelets <100 x 103/µl),
  • Other clinically significant concomitant disease states (e.g., renal failure [Creatinine-Clearance < 30 ml/min], hepatic dysfunction [transaminases >3x upper normal range], active carcinoma,
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  • History of tuberculosis,
  • Known or suspected non-compliance, drug or alcohol abuse,
  • Contraindications to the class of drugs under study, e.g. known hypersensitivity or allergy to anakinra/Kineret®,
  • Inability to follow the procedures of the study, e.g. due to language problems, psychological disorders, dementia, etc. of the participant,
  • Previous enrolment into the current study.

Trial locations and contacts

2 sites in 1 country.

Switzerland2 sites
  • University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau

    Aarau, 5001

  • University Hospital Basel

    Basel, 4031

Other trials in Switzerland

About this study

Official title: Effects of IL-1 Beta on the Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) Axis in Men With Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome - The TestIL Trial

Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in men are associated with a high prevalence of hypogonadism of up to 50%. Increased fat mass leads to augmented release of adipocytokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1-beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha which in turn suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, leading to hypogonadism. This pathophysiological interplay is termed hypogonadal-obesity-adipocytokine hypothesis. TestIL is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to test the hypothesis that inhibition of IL-1-activity diminishes the inhibitory effects on HPG axis and increases testosterone levels in men with metabolic syndrome.

Read the detailed description

Obesity and the metabolic syndrome are considered as chronic low-grade inflammatory states. Elevated pro-inflammatory mediators in obesity and metabolic syndrome have an inhibitory effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis) leading to hypogonadism. Decreased testosterone production in obese men in turn promotes additional fat deposition, contributing to a vicious cycle of fat accumulation. This complex pathophysiological interplay is termed hypogonadal-obesity-adipocytokine hypothesis, describing a bidirectional relationship between low levels of testosterone and the metabolic syndrome.

TestIL is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to test the hypothesis that inhibition of IL-1-activity diminishes the inhibitory effects on HPG axis and increases testosterone levels in men with metabolic syndrome.

Being tested
Anakinra, Sodium Chloride 0.9%
Keywords
Metabolic syndrome X, Hypogonadism, Testosterone, Inflammation, Obesity
Medical subject headings
Hypogonadism, Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity, Inflammation

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • AnakinraDrug

    Also called KINERET

    Anakinra 100mg s.c. bid

  • Sodium Chloride 0.9%Drug

    Also called NaCl 0.9%

    Sodium Chloride 0.9% s.c. bid

Study groups in NCT02672592
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
AnakinraActive comparatorAnakinra//Kineret® 100mg s.c. bid
Receives: Drug: Anakinra
PlaceboPlacebo comparatorSodium Chloride 0.9% s.c. bid
Receives: Drug: Sodium Chloride 0.9%

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Total morning testosterone (nmol/l)

    Measured: 4 weeks

Secondary outcomes (31)
  1. Total morning testosterone (nmol/l)

    Measured: 1 week and 3 months

  2. Free testosterone (nmol/l)

    Assessed by equilibrium dialysis

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  3. Bioavailable testosterone (nmol/l)

    Assessed by equilibrium dialysis

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  4. Erectile dysfunction as assessed by International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  5. Clinical severity of hypogonadism as assessed by quantitative Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (qADAM) questionnaire

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  6. Proportion of muscle mass as assessed by bioelectrical impedance Analysis

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  7. Proportion of fat mass as assessed by bioelectrical impedance Analysis

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  8. HbA1c (%)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  9. LH and FSH (IU/l)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  10. Inhibin B, ACTH (pg/ml)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  11. Prolactin, TSH, Insulin (mIU/l)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  12. Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6 (pg/ml)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  13. Cortisol basal (nmol/l)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  14. C-reactive protein (mg/l)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  15. free T4 (pmol/l)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  16. T3 (nmol/l)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  17. IGF-1 (nmol/l)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  18. GH (mU/l)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  19. Androstendione (μg/l)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  20. DHEAS (μmol/l)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  21. Oestradiol (pmol/l)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  22. Oestron (ng/l)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  23. 17-OH-progesterone (nmol/l)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  24. Copeptin (pmol/l)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  25. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  26. Muscle strength as assessed by grip strength test

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  27. Waist-hip-ratio

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  28. BMI in kg/m2

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  29. Insulin sensitivity as assessed by homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  30. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (mmol/l)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

  31. Leptin (μg/l)

    Measured: 1 week, 4 weeks and 3 months

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted3 Feb 2016 (estimated)
  2. Study startJan 2016
  3. Primary completionJun 2017
  4. Study completionJun 2017

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Quadruple blind
Who is masked
Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
Enrolment
70 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT02672592
Sponsor's protocol ID
EKNZ 2015-376
Acronym
TestIL
Status last verified
Jul 2017
First submitted
22 Jan 2016
Last updated
13 Jul 2017
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Ebrahimi F, Urwyler SA, Betz MJ, Christ ER, Schuetz P, Mueller B, Donath MY, Christ-Crain M. Effects of interleukin-1 antagonism and corticosteroids on fibroblast growth factor-21 in patients with metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 12;11(1):7911. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87207-w.

    PubMed 33846498
  • Urwyler SA, Ebrahimi F, Burkard T, Schuetz P, Poglitsch M, Mueller B, Donath MY, Christ-Crain M. IL (Interleukin)-1 Receptor Antagonist Increases Ang (Angiotensin [1-7]) and Decreases Blood Pressure in Obese Individuals. Hypertension. 2020 Jun;75(6):1455-1463. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13982. Epub 2020 Apr 10.

    PubMed 32275191
  • Ebrahimi F, Urwyler SA, Schuetz P, Mueller B, Bernasconi L, Neyer P, Donath MY, Christ-Crain M. Effects of interleukin-1 antagonism on cortisol levels in individuals with obesity: a randomized clinical trial. Endocr Connect. 2019 Jun 1;8(6):701-708. doi: 10.1530/EC-19-0201.

    PubMed 31042669
  • Ebrahimi F, Urwyler SA, Straumann S, Doerpfeld S, Bernasconi L, Neyer P, Schuetz P, Mueller B, Donath MY, Christ-Crain M. IL-1 Antagonism in Men With Metabolic Syndrome and Low Testosterone: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Sep 1;103(9):3466-3476. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-00739.

    PubMed 29939279

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 3 study testing Anakinra and Sodium Chloride 0.9% in people with Hypogonadism and Metabolic Syndrome X, run by University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland at 2 sites in Switzerland.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Jul 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 2 sites in Switzerland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Total morning testosterone (nmol/l) (time frame: 4 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02672592, which also lists 4 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Jul 2017.

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