BLADE-PCI Trial (BLADE); PHASE IIB LIPOSOMAL ALENDRONATE STUDY

General Inclusion Criteria: all must be present

1. Patient has medically treated diabetes mellitus (is on insulin or oral or injectable hypoglycemic medications).
2. Patient is eligible and has an indication for PCI with a drug eluting stent (patient may be consented prior to diagnostic angiography with possible PCI).
3. Patient presents with angina (stable or unstable), silent ischemia (in absence of symptoms must have a positive stress test, FFR ≤0.80, or angiographic stenosis of ≥70%), NSTEMI, or recent STEMI (>7 days from procedure).
4. Non-target vessel PCI are allowed prior to randomization depending on the time interval and conditions as follows:

• During Baseline Procedure:
• PCI of non-target vessels performed during the baseline procedure itself immediately prior to randomization, if successful and uncomplicated, defined as: <50% visually estimated residual diameter stenosis, TIMI Grade 3 flow, no dissection ≥ NHLBI type C, no perforation, no persistent ST segment changes, no prolonged chest pain, no TIMI major or BARC type 3 bleeding.
• Less than 24 hours prior to Baseline Procedure:
• Not allowed (see exclusion criteria #2).
• 24 hours-30 days prior to Baseline Procedure:
• PCI of non-target vessels 24 hours to 30 days prior to randomization if successful and uncomplicated as defined above.
• In cases where non-target lesion PCI has occurred 24-72 hours prior to the baseline procedure, at least 2 sets of cardiac biomarkers must be drawn at least 6 and 12 hours after the non-target vessel PCI.
• If cardiac biomarkers are initially elevated above the local laboratory upper limit of normal, serial measurements must demonstrate that the biomarkers are falling.
• Over 30 days prior to Baseline Procedure:
• PCI of non-target vessels performed greater than 30 days prior to procedure whether or not successful and uncomplicated.

1. All non-target lesions (i.e. those not meeting angiographic criteria for the study) should be treated prior to randomization. All target lesions must be planned to be treated during the index procedure. The investigator will declare which target lesions are intended for treatment at the time of randomization. In the event that all target lesions cannot be treated (e.g. due to contrast load), staged procedure should be delayed preferably at least 2 weeks after the index PCI, and those lesions will be considered non-target lesions. Any such planned staged lesions must be declared at the end of the index procedure.
2. Prior target-vessel PCI is allowed if it occurred ≥6 months prior to randomization and no restenosis is present, or if re-intervention is planned on the restenotic lesion(s) as a non-target lesion.
3. The patient or legal guardian is willing and able to provide written informed consent and comply with follow-up visits and the testing schedule.

Angiographic Inclusion Criteria (visual estimate) (all must be present):

1. Target lesion(s) must be located in a native coronary artery with visually estimated diameter of ≥2.25mm to ≤4.2mm and diameter stenosis ≥50% to <100%.
2. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow 2 or 3. If more than 1 target lesion will be treated, the reference vessel diameter and lesion length of each must meet the above criteria.

General Exclusion Criteria: all must be absent

1. STEMI within 7 days of presentation to the first treating hospital, whether a transfer facility or the study hospital
2. PCI within the 24 hours prior to randomization
3. Cardiogenic shock (defined as persistent hypotension [systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg] or requiring pressors or hemodynamic support, including IABP)
4. Known left ventricular ejection fraction <30%
5. Relative or absolute contraindication to DAPT for 6 months (including planned surgeries that cannot be delayed or chronic oral anticoagulant requirement, such as atrial fibrillation or prosthetic heart valve)
6. Hemoglobin <10 g/dL
7. Platelet count <100,000 cells/mm3 or >700,000 cells/mm3
8. White blood cell count <3,000 cells/mm3
9. Major and clinically significant active infection
10. Clinically significant liver disease
11. Renal insufficiency as defined by an estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, GFR <40 ml/min by the MDRD formula
12. Active peptic ulcer or active bleeding from any site
13. Bleeding from any site requiring active medical attention within the prior 8 weeks
14. History of bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy or likely to refuse blood transfusions
15. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or has any permanent neurological defect as a result of CVA
16. Known allergy to the study stent components or protocol-required concomitant medications: alendronate, liposomal medications, aspirin, clopidogrel and prasugrel and ticagrelor, heparin and bivalirudin, or iodinated contrast that cannot be adequately pre-medicated
17. Subject is taking Bisphosphonates, including Alendronate (Fosamax); Clodronate (Bonefos); Etidronate (Didronel / Didrocal); Ibandronate (Bondronat); Pamidronate (Aredia); Risedronate (Actonel); Tiludronate (Skelid); Zoledronic acid (Zometa), or any other bisphosphonates not listed above.
18. Any co-morbid condition that may cause non-compliance with the protocol (e.g. dementia, substance abuse, etc.) or reduce life expectancy to <24 months (e.g. cancer, heart failure, lung disease)
19. Patient is participating in or plans to participate in any other investigational drug or device trial that has not reached its primary endpoint.
20. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding (women of child-bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test within one week before index procedure).
21. Women who intend to become pregnant within 12 months after the index procedure
22. Patient has received an organ transplant or is on a waiting list for an organ transplant.
23. Patient is receiving or scheduled to receive chemotherapy within 30 days before or any time after the index procedure.
24. Patient is receiving oral or intravenous immunosuppressive therapy or has known life-limiting immunosuppressive or autoimmune disease. Inhaled steroid and steroid use for contrast-allergy prophylaxis or treatment are allowed.

Angiographic Exclusion Criteria (visual estimate) (all must be absent):

1. Unprotected left main lesions >30% or left main intervention.
2. Primary PCI for STEMIOstial RCA lesion within 5 mm of ostium*
3. Coronary artery disease judged more suitable for surgical revascularization per guidelines and local heart team discussion.
4. Another lesion in either the target vessel or non-target vessel is present that requires or has a high probability of requiring PCI within 9 months after the index procedure.
5. Bifurcation lesions with planned or high probability of dual stent implantation*
6. Target lesions located within an arterial or saphenous vein graft or distal to a diseased arterial or saphenous vein graft
7. Heavily tortuous or angulated lesions*
8. Lesions containing large thrombus*
9. Total occlusions*
10. Lesions present within 10mm of another lesion treated by PCI*
11. Restenotic lesions* *Refers to target lesions. Non-target lesions not meeting these criteria may be treated as appropriate.