Chronic Disease of Cardiovascular SystemNCT02548767
Adverse Metabolic Effects of Dietary Sugar
A study testing high fructose corn syrup, aspartame and Energy-balanced diet in people with Chronic Disease of Cardiovascular System and Type 2 Diabetes, run by University of California, Davis at 3 sites in United States.
Trial summary
It is not known whether consumption of excessive amounts of sugar can increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease or diabetes in the absence of increased food (caloric) intake and weight gain, nor whether the negative effects of sugar consumption are made worse when accompanied by weight gain. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 40 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Chronic Disease of Cardiovascular System, Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity
- What is being tested?
- high fructose corn syrup, aspartame and Energy-balanced diet
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 36 participants
- Where
- 3 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- Feb 2016to 13 Mar 2020
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- BMI 22-28 kg/m2
- Self-reported stable body weight during the prior six months
Who cannot join
- Fasting glucose >105 mg/dl
- Evidence of liver disorder [AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) or ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)] >200% upper limit of normal range)
- Evidence of kidney disorder (>2.0mg/dl creatinine)
- Evidence of thyroid disorder (out of normal range)
- Systolic blood pressure consistently over 140mm Hg (mercury) or diastolic blood pressure over 90mmHg
- Triglycerides > 200mg/dl
Show all 19Show fewer
- LDL-C > 130mg/dl in combination with Chol:HDL > 4
- Hemoglobin < 8.5 g/dL
- Pregnant or lactating women
- Any other condition that, in the opinion of the investigators, would put the subject at risk
- Current, prior (within 12 months), or anticipated use of any hypolipidemic or anti-diabetic agents.
- Use of thyroid, anti-hypertensive, anti-depressant, weight loss medications or any other medication which, in the opinion of the investigator, may confound study results
- Use of tobacco
- Strenuous exerciser (>3.5 hours/week at a level more vigorous than walking)
- Surgery for weight loss
- Diet exclusions: Food allergies, special dietary restrictions, food allergies, routine consumption of less than 3 meals/day, routine ingestion of more than 2 sugar-sweetened beverages or 1 alcoholic beverage/day, unwillingness to consume any food on study menu
- Hydrogen concentration in breath sample following consumption of HFCS-beverage during screening >50ppm
- Veins that are assessed by the CCRC (Clinical Research Center) R.N.s as being unsuitable for long-term infusions and multiple blood draws from a catheter.
- Pre-existing claustrophobia or metal implants that preclude MRI
Trial locations and contacts
3 sites in 1 country.
United States3 sites
University of California, Davis
Davis, California, 95616
Clinical Research Center
Sacramento, California, 95655
Touro University California Translational Research Clinic and Student Health Clinic
Vallejo, California, 94592
About this study
Official title: Adverse Metabolic Effects of Dietary Sugar: Ad Libitum vs Energy-balanced Diets
It is not known whether consumption of excessive amounts of sugar can increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease or diabetes in the absence of increased food (caloric) intake and weight gain, nor whether the negative effects of sugar consumption are made worse when accompanied by weight gain. This study will investigate the effects of excess sugar when consumed with an energy-balanced diet that prevents weight gain, and the effects of excess sugar when consumed with a diet that can cause weight gain. The results will determine whether excess sugar consumption and excess caloric intake that lead to weight gain have independent and additive effects on risk factors for cardiovascular disease or diabetes, and will have the potential to influence dietary guidelines and public health policy.
Read the detailed description
Recent studies have demonstrated that consuming high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)- or sucrose-sweetened beverages increased lipid/lipoprotein risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in healthy adults compared with iso-caloric amounts of glucose or low-fat milk. The longest of these studies, which utilized a 6-month intervention, also showed increased liver and muscle TG and increased visceral adipose deposition. Neither of these studies found differences in weight gain between subjects consuming HFCS/sucrose beverages compared with control beverages. These results suggest that it is not just excess calories and weight gain that mediate the effects of dietary sugar/fructose on the development of metabolic disease; rather, dietary sugar per se is also a contributor. However, it is not known whether consumption of excessive amounts of sugar can increase risk factors for metabolic disease in the absence of positive energy balance and weight gain, nor whether the adverse effects of sugar consumption are exacerbated by weight gain. This study will compare the contribution of sugar with the contribution of energy level to the increases in risk factors for metabolic disease induced by consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages under energy-balanced or ad libitum conditions. The investigators will measure risk factors and processes associated with metabolic disease in 4 groups of young, healthy adults who will consume 1) 0%, 2) or 25% of energy requirement as HFCS-sweetened beverages for 8 weeks with an energy-balanced diet for 6 weeks; 3) 0%, or 4) 25% of energy requirement as HFCS-sweetened beverages for 8 weeks with an ad libitum diet for 6 weeks. All diets, formulated to achieve a comparable macronutrient intake (55% energy as carbohydrate, 35% fat, 15% protein) among all 4 experimental groups, will be provided to the subjects throughout the entire study. The investigators hypothesize that under energy balanced (EB) condition that prevent body weight gain, consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages will result in adverse metabolic effects compared with aspartame-sweetened beverages. Consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages with the ad libitum (AL) diet will result in increased energy intake and body weight gain compared with aspartame-sweetened beverages, and will also result in adverse metabolic effects that are more marked than with consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages with the energy-balanced diet. These results will demonstrate that consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages increases risk for metabolic disease both directly, via the adverse effects of fructose on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and indirectly, via the effects of HFCS-sweetened beverages to promote excess energy intake and body weight gain. These findings will have the potential to influence dietary guidelines and public health policy.
- Being tested
- high fructose corn syrup, aspartame, Energy-balanced diet, Ad libitum diet
- Keywords
- High fructose corn syrup, Sugar
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Obesity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
high fructose corn syrupOther
Also called sugar, HFCS, high fructose corn syrup-55, HFCS-55
High fructose corn syrup provided as 15% HFCS/85% water (weight/weight) fruit-flavored beverage
aspartameOther
Also called non-caloric sweetener
Aspartame provided as 0.04% aspartame/99.96% water (weight/weight), fruit-flavored beverage
Energy-balanced dietOther
Also called Weight-maintaining diet
Provided in quantities that equal energy requirement. Formulated such that the overall macronutrient intake; including beverage; equal 45%/5% energy requirement at complex/simple carbohydrate, 35% energy requirement as fat, 15% energy requirement as protein.
Ad libitum dietOther
Also called Positive-energy diet
Provided in quantities that exceed energy requirement by approximately 25%. Formulated such that the overall macronutrient intake; including beverage; equals approximately 45%/5% energy requirement at complex/simple carbohydrate, 35% energy requirement as fat, 15% energy requirement as protein.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| HFCS-EB | Experimental | Consume 3 servings/day of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened beverage along with the provided energy-balanced diet. The 3 HFCS-sweetened beverages will contain 25% of energy requirement and the remainder of the provided diet will contain 75% of energy requirement. All and only the provided beverage and diet will be consumed for eight weeks. Receives: Other: high fructose corn syrup; Other: Energy-balanced diet |
| Asp-EB | Placebo comparator | Consume 3 servings/day of aspartame-sweetened beverage along with the provided energy-balanced diet. The 3 aspartame-sweetened beverages will contain 0% of energy requirement and the remainder of the provided diet will contain 100% of energy requirement. All and only the provided beverage and diet will be consumed for eight weeks. Receives: Other: aspartame; Other: Energy-balanced diet |
| HFCS-AL | Experimental | Consume 3 servings/day of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened beverage along with the provided ad libitum diet. The 3 HFCS-sweetened beverages will contain 25% of energy requirement and the remainder of the provided diet will contain approximately 125% of energy requirement. All the provided beverage will be consumed for eight weeks. Only the provided beverage and diet will be consumed for eight weeks. The provided diet will be consumed ad libitum and the uneaten portions will be returned to study staff. Receives: Other: high fructose corn syrup; Other: Ad libitum diet |
| Asp-AL | Placebo comparator | Consume 3 servings/day of aspartame-sweetened beverage along with the provided ad libitum diet. The 3 aspartame-sweetened beverages will contain 0% of energy requirement and the remainder of the provided diet will contain approximately 125% of energy requirement. All the provided beverage will be consumed for eight weeks. Only the provided beverage and diet will be consumed for eight weeks. The provided diet will be consumed ad libitum and the uneaten portions will be returned to study staff. Receives: Other: aspartame; Other: Ad libitum diet |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change of de novo lipogenesis: palmitate tracer-to-tracee ratios by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Blood samples are collected during 26-h isotopic acetate infusion. Blood samples are processed for determination of palmitate tracer-to-tracee ratios by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Measured: 22 hours at Baseline and 4-week Intervention
Secondary outcomes (5)
Change of endogenous glucose production measured by standard dilution techniques
Blood samples are collected during isotopic glucose infusion, and endogenous glucose production (glucose appearance) is measured by standard dilution techniques.
Measured: 7 hours at Baseline and 4-week Intervention
Change of whole body insulin sensitivity
A variable 20% glucose infusion is adjusted to maintain euglycemia during insulin infusion in order to determine insulin-mediated glucose uptake.
Measured: 3 hours at Baseline and 4-week Intervention
Change of liver lipid
Quantified from magnetic resonance imaging
Measured: Baseline, 4-week Intervention and 8-week intervention
Change of fat oxidation
Fat oxidation is calculated from measures of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production by indirect calorimetry.
Measured: 17 hours at Baseline and 4-week Intervention
Change of Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglyceride (TG) kinetics
During overnight fasting VLDL-TG kinetics will be determined using a prime constant infusion of isotopic glycerol. During the meal-feeding protocol, the washout kinetic enrichment of isotopic glycerol in the TG will be used to estimate VLDL-TG with a non-steady modeling approach.
Measured: 22 hours at Baseline and 4-week Intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Sep 2015 (estimated)
- Study startFeb 2016
- Primary completion13 Mar 2020
- Study completion13 Mar 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Chronic Disease of Cardiovascular SystemStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of California, DavisThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, Davis
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Touro University, California, University of Southern California, USDA, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Peter J Havel, DVM, Ph.D, Principal investigator, University of California, DavisJean-Marc Schwarz, Ph.D., Principal investigator, Touro UniversityKimber L Stanhope, Ph.D., Study director, University of California, Davis
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02548767
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 499106
- Other IDs
- 1R01HL121324
- Status last verified
- Sep 2021
- First submitted
- 26 May 2015
- Last updated
- 16 Sep 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Havel PJ. Adverse metabolic effects of dietary fructose: results from the recent epidemiological, clinical, and mechanistic studies. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2013 Jun;24(3):198-206. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283613bca.
PubMed 23594708Cox CL, Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Graham JL, Hatcher B, Griffen SC, Bremer AA, Berglund L, McGahan JP, Keim NL, Havel PJ. Consumption of fructose- but not glucose-sweetened beverages for 10 weeks increases circulating concentrations of uric acid, retinol binding protein-4, and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in overweight/obese humans. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2012 Jul 24;9(1):68. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-68.
PubMed 22828276Cox CL, Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Graham JL, Hatcher B, Griffen SC, Bremer AA, Berglund L, McGahan JP, Havel PJ, Keim NL. Consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages for 10 weeks reduces net fat oxidation and energy expenditure in overweight/obese men and women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012 Feb;66(2):201-8. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.159. Epub 2011 Sep 28.
PubMed 21952692Stanhope KL, Bremer AA, Medici V, Nakajima K, Ito Y, Nakano T, Chen G, Fong TH, Lee V, Menorca RI, Keim NL, Havel PJ. Consumption of fructose and high fructose corn syrup increase postprandial triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein-B in young men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Oct;96(10):E1596-605. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-1251. Epub 2011 Aug 17.
PubMed 21849529Stanhope KL. Role of fructose-containing sugars in the epidemics of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Annu Rev Med. 2012;63:329-43. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-042010-113026. Epub 2011 Oct 27.
PubMed 22034869Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Keim NL, Griffen SC, Bremer AA, Graham JL, Hatcher B, Cox CL, Dyachenko A, Zhang W, McGahan JP, Seibert A, Krauss RM, Chiu S, Schaefer EJ, Ai M, Otokozawa S, Nakajima K, Nakano T, Beysen C, Hellerstein MK, Berglund L, Havel PJ. Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. J Clin Invest. 2009 May;119(5):1322-34. doi: 10.1172/JCI37385. Epub 2009 Apr 20.
PubMed 19381015Maersk M, Belza A, Stodkilde-Jorgensen H, Ringgaard S, Chabanova E, Thomsen H, Pedersen SB, Astrup A, Richelsen B. Sucrose-sweetened beverages increase fat storage in the liver, muscle, and visceral fat depot: a 6-mo randomized intervention study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Feb;95(2):283-9. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.022533. Epub 2011 Dec 28.
PubMed 22205311Aeberli I, Hochuli M, Gerber PA, Sze L, Murer SB, Tappy L, Spinas GA, Berneis K. Moderate amounts of fructose consumption impair insulin sensitivity in healthy young men: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2013 Jan;36(1):150-6. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0540. Epub 2012 Aug 28.
PubMed 22933433Schwarz JM, Noworolski SM, Wen MJ, Dyachenko A, Prior JL, Weinberg ME, Herraiz LA, Tai VW, Bergeron N, Bersot TP, Rao MN, Schambelan M, Mulligan K. Effect of a High-Fructose Weight-Maintaining Diet on Lipogenesis and Liver Fat. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Jun;100(6):2434-42. doi: 10.1210/jc.2014-3678. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
PubMed 25825943Bergwall S, Johansson A, Sonestedt E, Acosta S. High versus low-added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Jan 5;1(1):CD013320. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013320.pub2.
PubMed 34986271
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Sep 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Adverse Metabolic Effects of Dietary Sugar: Ad Libitum vs Energy-balanced Diets
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02548767
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 499106
- Keywords
- High fructose corn syrup, Sugar
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, DavisUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Touro University, California, University of Southern California, USDA, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- Study start
- Feb 2016
- Primary completion
- 13 Mar 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 13 Mar 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Sep 2015 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
It is not known whether consumption of excessive amounts of sugar can increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease or diabetes in the absence of increased food (caloric) intake and weight gain, nor whether the negative effects of sugar consumption are made worse when accompanied by weight gain. This study will investigate the effects of excess sugar when consumed with an energy-balanced diet that prevents weight gain, and the effects of excess sugar when consumed with a diet that can cause weight gain. The results will determine whether excess sugar consumption and excess caloric intake that lead to weight gain have independent and additive effects on risk factors for cardiovascular disease or diabetes, and will have the potential to influence dietary guidelines and public health policy.
Detailed description
Recent studies have demonstrated that consuming high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)- or sucrose-sweetened beverages increased lipid/lipoprotein risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in healthy adults compared with iso-caloric amounts of glucose or low-fat milk. The longest of these studies, which utilized a 6-month intervention, also showed increased liver and muscle TG and increased visceral adipose deposition. Neither of these studies found differences in weight gain between subjects consuming HFCS/sucrose beverages compared with control beverages. These results suggest that it is not just excess calories and weight gain that mediate the effects of dietary sugar/fructose on the development of metabolic disease; rather, dietary sugar per se is also a contributor. However, it is not known whether consumption of excessive amounts of sugar can increase risk factors for metabolic disease in the absence of positive energy balance and weight gain, nor whether the adverse effects of sugar consumption are exacerbated by weight gain. This study will compare the contribution of sugar with the contribution of energy level to the increases in risk factors for metabolic disease induced by consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages under energy-balanced or ad libitum conditions. The investigators will measure risk factors and processes associated with metabolic disease in 4 groups of young, healthy adults who will consume 1) 0%, 2) or 25% of energy requirement as HFCS-sweetened beverages for 8 weeks with an energy-balanced diet for 6 weeks; 3) 0%, or 4) 25% of energy requirement as HFCS-sweetened beverages for 8 weeks with an ad libitum diet for 6 weeks. All diets, formulated to achieve a comparable macronutrient intake (55% energy as carbohydrate, 35% fat, 15% protein) among all 4 experimental groups, will be provided to the subjects throughout the entire study. The investigators hypothesize that under energy balanced (EB) condition that prevent body weight gain, consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages will result in adverse metabolic effects compared with aspartame-sweetened beverages. Consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages with the ad libitum (AL) diet will result in increased energy intake and body weight gain compared with aspartame-sweetened beverages, and will also result in adverse metabolic effects that are more marked than with consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages with the energy-balanced diet. These results will demonstrate that consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages increases risk for metabolic disease both directly, via the adverse effects of fructose on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and indirectly, via the effects of HFCS-sweetened beverages to promote excess energy intake and body weight gain. These findings will have the potential to influence dietary guidelines and public health policy.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, care provider)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| HFCS-EB | Experimental | Other: high fructose corn syrup, Other: Energy-balanced dietConsume 3 servings/day of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened beverage along with the provided energy-balanced diet. The 3 HFCS-sweetened beverages will contain 25% of energy requirement and the remainder of the provided diet will contain 75% of energy requirement. All and only the provided beverage and diet will be consumed for eight weeks. |
| Asp-EB | Placebo comparator | Other: aspartame, Other: Energy-balanced dietConsume 3 servings/day of aspartame-sweetened beverage along with the provided energy-balanced diet. The 3 aspartame-sweetened beverages will contain 0% of energy requirement and the remainder of the provided diet will contain 100% of energy requirement. All and only the provided beverage and diet will be consumed for eight weeks. |
| HFCS-AL | Experimental | Other: high fructose corn syrup, Other: Ad libitum dietConsume 3 servings/day of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened beverage along with the provided ad libitum diet. The 3 HFCS-sweetened beverages will contain 25% of energy requirement and the remainder of the provided diet will contain approximately 125% of energy requirement. All the provided beverage will be consumed for eight weeks. Only the provided beverage and diet will be consumed for eight weeks. The provided diet will be consumed ad libitum and the uneaten portions will be returned to study staff. |
| Asp-AL | Placebo comparator | Other: aspartame, Other: Ad libitum dietConsume 3 servings/day of aspartame-sweetened beverage along with the provided ad libitum diet. The 3 aspartame-sweetened beverages will contain 0% of energy requirement and the remainder of the provided diet will contain approximately 125% of energy requirement. All the provided beverage will be consumed for eight weeks. Only the provided beverage and diet will be consumed for eight weeks. The provided diet will be consumed ad libitum and the uneaten portions will be returned to study staff. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 40 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- BMI 22-28 kg/m2
- Self-reported stable body weight during the prior six months
Key exclusion criteria (19 listed)
- Fasting glucose >105 mg/dl
- Evidence of liver disorder [AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) or ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)] >200% upper limit of normal range)
- Evidence of kidney disorder (>2.0mg/dl creatinine)
- Evidence of thyroid disorder (out of normal range)
- Systolic blood pressure consistently over 140mm Hg (mercury) or diastolic blood pressure over 90mmHg
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| high fructose corn syrupAlso: sugar, HFCS, high fructose corn syrup-55, HFCS-55High fructose corn syrup provided as 15% HFCS/85% water (weight/weight) fruit-flavored beverage | Other | HFCS-AL, HFCS-EB |
| aspartameAlso: non-caloric sweetenerAspartame provided as 0.04% aspartame/99.96% water (weight/weight), fruit-flavored beverage | Other | Asp-AL, Asp-EB |
| Energy-balanced dietAlso: Weight-maintaining dietProvided in quantities that equal energy requirement. Formulated such that the overall macronutrient intake; including beverage; equal 45%/5% energy requirement at complex/simple carbohydrate, 35% energy requirement as fat, 15% energy requirement as protein. | Other | Asp-EB, HFCS-EB |
| Ad libitum dietAlso: Positive-energy dietProvided in quantities that exceed energy requirement by approximately 25%. Formulated such that the overall macronutrient intake; including beverage; equals approximately 45%/5% energy requirement at complex/simple carbohydrate, 35% energy requirement as fat, 15% energy requirement as protein. | Other | Asp-AL, HFCS-AL |
Primary outcome
Change of de novo lipogenesis: palmitate tracer-to-tracee ratios by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Time frame: 22 hours at Baseline and 4-week Intervention
Blood samples are collected during 26-h isotopic acetate infusion. Blood samples are processed for determination of palmitate tracer-to-tracee ratios by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
5 secondary outcomes
Change of endogenous glucose production measured by standard dilution techniques
Time frame: 7 hours at Baseline and 4-week Intervention
Change of whole body insulin sensitivity
Time frame: 3 hours at Baseline and 4-week Intervention
Change of liver lipid
Time frame: Baseline, 4-week Intervention and 8-week intervention
Change of fat oxidation
Time frame: 17 hours at Baseline and 4-week Intervention
Change of Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglyceride (TG) kinetics
Time frame: 22 hours at Baseline and 4-week Intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Sep 2021.
- Background: PubMed 23594708Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Havel PJ. Adverse metabolic effects of dietary fructose: results from the recent epidemiological, clinical, and mechanistic studies. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2013 Jun;24(3):198-206. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283613bca.
- Background: PubMed 22828276Cox CL, Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Graham JL, Hatcher B, Griffen SC, Bremer AA, Berglund L, McGahan JP, Keim NL, Havel PJ. Consumption of fructose- but not glucose-sweetened beverages for 10 weeks increases circulating concentrations of uric acid, retinol binding protein-4, and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in overweight/obese humans. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2012 Jul 24;9(1):68. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-68.
- Background: PubMed 21952692Cox CL, Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Graham JL, Hatcher B, Griffen SC, Bremer AA, Berglund L, McGahan JP, Havel PJ, Keim NL. Consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages for 10 weeks reduces net fat oxidation and energy expenditure in overweight/obese men and women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012 Feb;66(2):201-8. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.159. Epub 2011 Sep 28.
- Background: PubMed 21849529Stanhope KL, Bremer AA, Medici V, Nakajima K, Ito Y, Nakano T, Chen G, Fong TH, Lee V, Menorca RI, Keim NL, Havel PJ. Consumption of fructose and high fructose corn syrup increase postprandial triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein-B in young men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Oct;96(10):E1596-605. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-1251. Epub 2011 Aug 17.
- Background: PubMed 22034869Stanhope KL. Role of fructose-containing sugars in the epidemics of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Annu Rev Med. 2012;63:329-43. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-042010-113026. Epub 2011 Oct 27.
- Background: PubMed 19381015Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Keim NL, Griffen SC, Bremer AA, Graham JL, Hatcher B, Cox CL, Dyachenko A, Zhang W, McGahan JP, Seibert A, Krauss RM, Chiu S, Schaefer EJ, Ai M, Otokozawa S, Nakajima K, Nakano T, Beysen C, Hellerstein MK, Berglund L, Havel PJ. Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. J Clin Invest. 2009 May;119(5):1322-34. doi: 10.1172/JCI37385. Epub 2009 Apr 20.
- Background: PubMed 22205311Maersk M, Belza A, Stodkilde-Jorgensen H, Ringgaard S, Chabanova E, Thomsen H, Pedersen SB, Astrup A, Richelsen B. Sucrose-sweetened beverages increase fat storage in the liver, muscle, and visceral fat depot: a 6-mo randomized intervention study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Feb;95(2):283-9. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.022533. Epub 2011 Dec 28.
- Background: PubMed 22933433Aeberli I, Hochuli M, Gerber PA, Sze L, Murer SB, Tappy L, Spinas GA, Berneis K. Moderate amounts of fructose consumption impair insulin sensitivity in healthy young men: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2013 Jan;36(1):150-6. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0540. Epub 2012 Aug 28.
- Background: PubMed 25825943Schwarz JM, Noworolski SM, Wen MJ, Dyachenko A, Prior JL, Weinberg ME, Herraiz LA, Tai VW, Bergeron N, Bersot TP, Rao MN, Schambelan M, Mulligan K. Effect of a High-Fructose Weight-Maintaining Diet on Lipogenesis and Liver Fat. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Jun;100(6):2434-42. doi: 10.1210/jc.2014-3678. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 34986271Bergwall S, Johansson A, Sonestedt E, Acosta S. High versus low-added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Jan 5;1(1):CD013320. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013320.pub2.
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Foam Sclerotherapy With or Without Transdermal Laser for Reticular Veins and Telangiectasias
Telangiectasias, Reticular Veins
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Peter J Havel, DVM, Ph.D principal investigator
University of California, Davis
Jean-Marc Schwarz, Ph.D. principal investigator
Touro University
Kimber L Stanhope, Ph.D. study director
University of California, Davis
3 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing high fructose corn syrup, aspartame and Energy-balanced diet in people with Chronic Disease of Cardiovascular System and Type 2 Diabetes, run by University of California, Davis at 3 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 19 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Sep 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 3 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change of de novo lipogenesis: palmitate tracer-to-tracee ratios by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. (time frame: 22 hours at Baseline and 4-week Intervention). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02548767, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Sep 2021.