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AzTrials

Cutaneous MelanomaPhase 2NCT02519322

Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Checkpoint Blockade

A Phase 2 study testing Ipilimumab, Laboratory Biomarker Analysis and Nivolumab in people with Cutaneous Melanoma and Mucosal Melanoma, run by M.D. Anderson Cancer Center at 2 sites in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

This randomized phase II trial studies how well nivolumab with or without ipilimumab or relatlimab before surgery works in treating patients with stage IIIB-IV melanoma that can be removed by surgery. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
What is being tested?
Ipilimumab, Laboratory Biomarker Analysis and Nivolumab
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
53 participants
Where
2 sitesUnited States
Study dates
2 Feb 2016to 26 Jan 2023
Phase
Phase 2
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Capable of giving written informed consent, which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the consent form
  • Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed stage IIIB/C or stage IV oligometastatic melanoma; oligometastatic melanoma is defined as three or fewer areas of resectable disease excluding central nervous system and bone involvement; patients with cutaneous, mucosal, acral, ocular or unknown primary melanomas are eligible for enrollment; for patients with stage IV disease with distant lymph nodes (stage M1a), a maximum of three separate lymph node sites fit the definition of oligometastatic disease; resectable tumors are defined as having no significant vascular, neural or bony involvement; only cases where a complete surgical resection with tumor-free margins can safely be achieved are defined as resectable
  • Patients will have at least one melanoma deposit that can undergo serial biopsy (at least 2 time points) during the neoadjuvant phase of the protocol; patients must be willing to provide tumor samples at the time points specified in the Study Procedure Tables
  • All patients must undergo a baseline tumor biopsy; in Arms A and B, tumor biopsy for PD-L1 testing (PD-L1 positivity is determined by greater than or equal to 1% of cells staining in the membrane by immunohistochemistry) is required for stratification; PD-L1 status is not required for enrollment on Arm C; the 28-8 clone for PD-L1 testing is required for assessment of PD-L1 status; for patients with stage IV disease, site of tumor biopsy will preferably be from non-lymph node disease site; for PD-L1 testing, the biopsy should contain sufficient tumor content (> 100 tumor cells/4-micron tissue section); if a sample contains insufficient tumor content, a re-biopsy will be required to obtain a sample with sufficient tumor content prior to treatment
  • Patients must be medically fit enough to undergo surgery as determined by the treating medical and surgical oncology team
  • Patients who have been previously treated in the adjuvant setting for melanoma will be eligible for treatment after a 28 day wash-out period
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  • Patients must have measurable disease, defined by RECIST 1.1
  • Age >/= 18 years
  • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1
  • Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1.5 X 10^9/L (within 28 days of first study treatment)
  • Hemoglobin >= 8.5 g/dL (within 28 days of first study treatment)
  • Platelets >= 100 X 10^9/L (>= 60 for hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) (within 28 days of first study treatment)
  • Prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) =< 1.5 X upper limit of normal (ULN) (within 28 days of first study treatment)
  • White blood cells (WBC) >= 2.0 X 10^9/L (within 28 days of first study treatment)
  • Total bilirubin =< 1.5 X ULN (except subjects with Gilbert's syndrome who must have normal direct bilirubin) [3 mg/dL for HCC] (within 28 days of first study treatment)
  • Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 3.0 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (=< 5 x ULN for HCC) (within 28 days of first study treatment)
  • Albumin >= 2.5 g/dL (within 28 days of first study treatment)
  • Creatinine =< 1.5 x ULN OR calculated creatinine clearance >= 40 mL/min OR 24-hour urine creatinine clearance >= 50 mL/min (within 28 days of first study treatment)
  • Lipase < 1.5 X ULN (within 28 days of first study treatment)
  • Amylase < 1.5 X ULN (within 28 days of first study treatment)
  • Normal thyroid function (or stable on hormone supplementation) 0.27 - 10 X 10^9/L (within 28 days of first study treatment)
  • Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >= 50% by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) (preferred) or multigated acquisition (MUGA) within 6 months from first study drug administration
  • Women are eligible to participate if: non-childbearing potential defined as pre-menopausal females with a documented tubal ligation or hysterectomy; or postmenopausal defined as 12 months of spontaneous amenorrhea (in questionable cases a blood sample with simultaneous follicle stimulating hormone [FSH] > 40 MlU/mL and estradiol < 40 pg/mL [< 140 pmol/L] is confirmatory); females on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and whose menopausal status is in doubt will be required to use one of the contraception methods if they wish to continue their HRT during the study; otherwise, they must discontinue HRT to allow confirmation of post-menopausal status prior to study enrollment; for most forms of HRT, at least 2-4 weeks will elapse between the cessation of therapy and the blood draw; this interval depends on the type and dosage of HRT; following confirmation of their post-menopausal status, they can resume use of HRT during the study without use of a contraceptive method
  • A woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP) agrees to use method(s) of contraception; for a teratogenic study drug and/or when there is insufficient information to assess teratogenicity, a highly effective method(s) of contraception (failure rate of < 1% per year) is required; the individual methods of contraception and duration should be determined in consultation with the investigator; WOCBP must follow instructions for birth control when the half-life of the study drug is > 24 hours; contraception should be continued for a period of 30 days plus the time required for the study drug to undergo 5 half-lives; WOCBP should use an adequate method to avoid pregnancy for 24 weeks (30 days plus the time required for study drug to undergo 5 half-lives) after the last dose of study drug; WOCBP must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test (minimum sensitivity 25 IU/L or equivalent units of human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG]) within 24 hours prior to the start of investigational product
  • Women must not be breastfeeding
  • Men who are sexually active with WOCBP must use any contraceptive method with a failure rate of < 1% per year; the investigator shall review contraception methods and the time period that contraception must be followed; men who are sexually active with WOCBP must follow instructions for birth control when the half-life of the study drug is > 24 hours, contraception should be continued for 90 days plus the time required for the study drug to undergo 5 half-lives; therefore, men who are sexually active with WOCBP must continue contraception for 33 weeks (90 days plus the time required for nivolumab and/or relatlimab to undergo 5 half-lives) after the last dose of study drug; in addition, male participants must be willing to refrain from sperm donation during this time; men who are sexually active with women who are not of childbearing potential (i.e., who are postmenopausal or surgically sterile and azoospermic men) do not require contraception
  • For Arm C: Cardiac assessment at baseline by trans- thoracic echocardiogram (TTE) with LVEF 50%

Who cannot join

  • Currently receiving cancer therapy (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or biologic therapy) or investigational anti-cancer drug
  • Any major surgery within the last 3 weeks
  • Brain metastases, leptomeningeal disease or bone metastases
  • Pregnant or lactating female
  • Unwillingness or inability to follow the procedures required in the protocol
  • Current use of anticoagulants (warfarin, heparin, direct thrombin inhibitors) at therapeutic levels
Show all 39Show fewer
  • Any serious or uncontrolled medical disorder that, in the opinion of the investigator, may increase the risk associated with study participation or study drug administration, impair the ability of the subject to receive protocol therapy, or interfere with the interpretation of study results
  • Prior malignancy active within the previous 3 years except for patient's prior diagnosis of melanoma and locally curable cancers that have been apparently cured, such as basal or squamous cell skin cancer, superficial bladder cancer, or carcinoma in situ of the prostate, cervix, or breast with local control measures (surgery, radiation)
  • Subjects with active, known or suspected autoimmune disease; subjects with vitiligo, type I diabetes mellitus, residual hypothyroidism due to autoimmune condition only requiring hormone replacement, psoriasis not requiring systemic treatment, or conditions not expected to recur in the absence of an external trigger are permitted to enroll
  • Subjects with a condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (> 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents) or other immunosuppressive medications within 14 days of study drug administration; inhaled or topical steroids and adrenal replacement doses > 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease
  • Prior treatment with an anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-LAG-3, or anti-CTLA-4 antibody
  • Any positive test result for hepatitis B or C virus indicating acute or chronic infection
  • Known history of testing positive for human immunodeficiency virus or known acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
  • History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to any monoclonal antibody
  • Prisoners or subjects who are involuntarily incarcerated
  • Subjects who are compulsorily detained for treatment of either a psychiatric or physical (infection disease) illness
  • A known or underlying medical condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, could make the administration of the study drug hazardous to the subject or could adversely affect the ability of the subject to comply with or tolerate the study
  • A confirmed history of encephalitis, meningitis, or uncontrolled seizures in the year prior to informed consent
  • Evidence of active infection that requires systemic antibacterial, antiviral, or antifungal therapy 7 days prior to initiation of study drug therapy
  • Any other acute or chronic medical illness
  • Subjects who are unable to undergo venipuncture and/or tolerate venous access
  • Any other sound medical, psychiatric, and/or social reason as determined by the Investigator
  • Any of the following procedures or medications:
  • Within 2 weeks prior to time of study treatment:
  • Systemic or topical corticosteroids at immunosuppressive doses (> 10 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent); inhaled or topical steroids, and adrenal replacement steroid doses of > 10 mg daily prednisone equivalent, are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease
  • Palliative radiation or gamma
  • Within 4 weeks prior to study drug administration:
  • Any investigational cytotoxic drug; exposure to any non-cytotoxic drug within 4 weeks or 5 half-lives (whichever is shorter) is prohibited; if 5 half-lives is shorter than 4 weeks, agreement with sponsor/medical monitor is mandatory
  • Subjects with history of life-threatening toxicity related to prior immune therapy (e.g., anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment or any other antibody or drug specifically targeting T-cell co-stimulation or immune checkpoint pathways) except those that are unlikely to re-occur with standard countermeasures (e.g., hormone replacement after endocrinopathy)
  • Troponin T (TnT) or I (TnI) > 2 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN); subjects with TnT or TnI levels between > 1 to 2 x ULN will be permitted if repeat levels within 24 hours are </= 1 x ULN; if TnT or TnI levels are > 1 to 2 x ULN within 24 hours, the subject may undergo a cardiac evaluation and be considered for treatment, following a discussion with the investigator or designee; when repeat levels within 24 hours are not available, a repeat test should be conducted as soon as possible; if TnT or TnI repeat levels beyond 24 hours are < 2 x ULN, the subject may undergo a cardiac evaluation and be considered for treatment, following a discussion with the investigator or designee
  • For Arm C: Uncontrolled or significant cardiovascular disease including, but not limited to, any of the following:
  • Myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) within the 6 months prior to consent
  • Uncontrolled angina within the 3 months prior to consent
  • Any history of clinically significant arrhythmias (such as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or torsades de pointes)
  • Corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation > 480 msec
  • History of other clinically significant cardiovascular disease (i.e., cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure with New York Heart Association [NYHA] functional classification III-IV, pericarditis, significant pericardial effusion, significant coronary stent occlusion, deep venous thrombosis, etc )
  • Cardiovascular disease-related requirement for daily supplemental oxygen
  • History of two or more MIs OR two or more coronary revascularization procedures
  • Subjects with history of myocarditis, regardless of etiology

Trial locations and contacts

2 sites in 1 country.

United States2 sites

  • M D Anderson Cancer Center

    Houston, Texas, 77030

  • Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

    New York, New York, 10065

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Checkpoint Blockade in Patients With Clinical Stage III or Oligometastatic Stage IV Melanoma

This randomized phase II trial studies how well nivolumab with or without ipilimumab or relatlimab before surgery works in treating patients with stage IIIB-IV melanoma that can be removed by surgery. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as nivolumab, ipilimumab, and relatlimab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Giving nivolumab alone or in combination with ipilimumab or relatlimab before surgery may make the tumor smaller and reduce the amount of normal tissue that needs to be removed.

Read the detailed description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

  1. To assess the pathologic response of nivolumab monotherapy and nivolumab and ipilimumab dual therapy administered in the neoadjuvant setting in patients with high-risk resectable melanoma. Pathologic response will be assessed by percent viable tumor cells, percent tumor necrosis, presence of fibrosis and melanoma proliferation as assessed by phosphohistone H3 from baseline, to on-treatment and surgical specimens. (Arm A and Arm B) II. To assess the pathologic response rate of combination relatlimab with nivolumab in the neoadjuvant setting in patients with high-risk resectable Stage IIIB/C or oligometastatic Stage IV melanoma. Pathologic response will be assessed by percent viable tumor cells, percent tumor necrosis, presence of fibrosis and melanoma proliferation as assessed by phosphohistone H3 from baseline, to on- treatment and surgical specimens. (Arm C)

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

  1. To assess the immunologic response of neoadjuvant nivolumab monotherapy and neoadjuvant nivolumab and ipilimumab dual therapy in patients with high-risk resectable melanoma. Immunologic response will be determined by change in T cell infiltrate from baseline to on-treatment and surgical specimens in response to therapy. (Arm A and Arm B) II. To assess the objective response rate (ORR) of nivolumab monotherapy and nivolumab and ipilimumab dual therapy administered in the neoadjuvant setting as assessed by imaging (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST] 1.1 criteria) in patients with high-risk resectable melanoma. (Arm A and Arm B) III. To assess the 12-month recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with high-risk resectable melanoma treated with neoadjuvant nivolumab monotherapy or nivolumab and ipilimumab dual therapy followed by adjuvant nivolumab. (Arm A and Arm B) IV. To evaluate the safety of nivolumab monotherapy and dual ipilimumab and nivolumab in the neoadjuvant setting and peri-operatively as well as assess the safety of adjuvant nivolumab. (Arm A and Arm B) V. To evaluate safety and feasibility of relatlimab with nivolumab delivered in the neoadjuvant setting. (Arm C) VI. To assess the objective response rate (ORR) of relatlimab with nivolumab administered in the neoadjuvant setting as assessed by imaging (RECIST 1.1 criteria) in patients with high-risk resectable melanoma. (Arm C) VII. To assess the 12-month recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with high-risk resectable melanoma treated with neoadjuvant and adjuvant relatlimab with nivolumab. (Arm C) VIII. To evaluate immunologic and molecular mechanisms of response and resistance to relatlimab with nivolumab. (Arm C)

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

  1. Identification of immunologic and genomic markers correlating with clinical response or resistance to nivolumab monotherapy and ipilimumab with nivolumab combination therapy.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 3 arms.

ARM A: Patients receive nivolumab intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on days 1, 15, 29, and 43. Patients then undergo surgery on day 57. After surgery, patients receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes every 2 weeks for 13 doses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. (CLOSED TO ENROLLMENT AS OF 10/3/2018)

ARM B: Patients receive nivolumab IV over 1 hour and ipilimumab IV over 90 minutes on days 1, 22, and 43. Patients then undergo surgery on day 57. After surgery, patients receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes every 2 weeks for 13 doses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. (CLOSED TO ENROLLMENT AS OF 10/3/2018)

ARM C: Patients receive nivolumab IV over 1 hour and relatlimab IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 29. Patients then undergo surgery on day 57. After surgery, patients receive nivolumab IV over 1 hour and relatlimab IV over 1 hour every 4 weeks for 10 doses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 12 weeks for 2 years.

Being tested
Ipilimumab, Laboratory Biomarker Analysis, Nivolumab, Relatlimab, Therapeutic Conventional Surgery
Medical subject headings
Melanoma, Uveal Melanoma

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • IpilimumabBiological

    Also called Anti-Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen-4 Monoclonal Antibody, BMS-734016, MDX-010, MDX-CTLA4

    Given IV

  • Laboratory Biomarker AnalysisOther

    Correlative studies

  • NivolumabBiological

    Also called BMS-936558, MDX-1106, NIVO, ONO-4538

    Given IV

  • RelatlimabBiological

    Also called BMS-986016, BMS986016, Immunoglobulin G4, Anti-(human Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 Protein) (Human Heavy Chain), Disulfide with Human Light Chain, Dimer

    Given IV

  • Therapeutic Conventional SurgeryProcedure or surgery

    Undergo surgery

Study groups in NCT02519322
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Arm A (nivolumab, surgery)ExperimentalPatients receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes on days 1, 15, 29, and 43. Patients then undergo surgery on day 57. After surgery, patients receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes every 2 weeks for 13 doses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Receives: Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Biological: Nivolumab; Procedure: Therapeutic Conventional Surgery
Arm B (nivolumab, ipilimumab, surgery)ExperimentalPatients receive nivolumab IV over 1 hour and ipilimumab IV over 90 minutes on days 1, 22, and 43. Patients then undergo surgery on day 57. After surgery, patients receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes every 2 weeks for 13 doses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Receives: Biological: Ipilimumab; Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Biological: Nivolumab; Procedure: Therapeutic Conventional Surgery
Arm C (nivolumab, relatlimab, surgery)ExperimentalPatients receive nivolumab IV over 1 hour and relatlimab IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 29. Patients then undergo surgery on day 57. After surgery, patients receive nivolumab IV over 1 hour and relatlimab IV over 1 hour every 4 weeks for 10 doses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Receives: Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Biological: Nivolumab; Biological: Relatlimab; Procedure: Therapeutic Conventional Surgery

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Arm C: Number of Participants With the Pathologic Response Rate

    Number of participants with the Pathologic response rate will be assessed by percent viable tumor cells, percent tumor necrosis, presence of fibrosis and melanoma proliferation as assessed by phosphohistone H3 from baseline, to on-treatment and surgical specimens.

    Measured: up to 2 years

Secondary outcomes (4)

  1. Arm C: Number of Participants Assessed by Safety and Feasibility of Relatlimab With Nivolumab Delivered in the Neoadjuvant Setting

    Number of Participants assessed by the safety and feasibility of relatlimab with nivolumab Delivered in the Neoadjuvant Setting

    Measured: up to 2 years

  2. Arm C: Number of Participants With Objective Response Rate (ORR) of Relatlimab With Nivolumab Administered in the Neoadjuvant Setting.

    To assess the objective response rate (ORR) of relatlimab with nivolumab administered in the neoadjuvant setting as assessed by imaging (RECIST 1.1 criteria) in participants with high-risk resectable melanoma

    Measured: Up to 2 years

  3. Arm C: Number of Participants With Recurrence-Free Survival (RFS) and Overall Survival (OS)

    To assess the 12-month recurrence and overall survival (OS) of participants with high-risk resectable melanoma treated with neoadjuvant and adjuvant relatlimab with nivolumab

    Measured: up to 12 months

  4. Arm C: Number of Participants With Immunologic and Molecular Mechanisms of Response and Resistance.

    To assess by immunologic and molecular mechanisms of response and resistance to relatlimab with nivolumab.

    Measured: up to 2 years

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted10 Aug 2015 (estimated)
  2. Study start2 Feb 2016
  3. Primary completion26 Jan 2023
  4. Study completion26 Jan 2023

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
53 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT02519322
Sponsor's protocol ID
2015-0041
Other IDs
NCI-2015-01520, 2015-0041
Status last verified
Apr 2024
First submitted
4 Aug 2015
Last updated
5 Apr 2024
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No

Publications

  • Burton EM, Milton DR, Tetzlaff MT, Wani K, Ross MI, Postow MA, Lazcano R, Glitza IC, Wong MK, Patel SP, Diab A, Gershenwald JE, McQuade JL, Betof Warner A, Prieto VG, Lee JE, Goepfert RP, Fisher SB, Song A, Malke J, Simon JM, Ariyan C, Torres-Cabala CA, Davies MA, Lazar A, Wargo JA, Tawbi HA, Amaria RN. Long-Term Survival and Biomarker Analysis Evaluating Neoadjuvant Plus Adjuvant Relatlimab (anti-LAG3) and Nivolumab (anti-PD1) in Patients With Resectable Melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2025 Sep 10;43(26):2856-2862. doi: 10.1200/JCO-25-00494. Epub 2025 Jul 10.

    PubMed 40638872

  • Gorry C, McCullagh L, O'Donnell H, Barrett S, Schmitz S, Barry M, Curtin K, Beausang E, Barry R, Coyne I. Neoadjuvant treatment for stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jan 17;1(1):CD012974. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012974.pub2.

    PubMed 36648215

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 2 study testing Ipilimumab, Laboratory Biomarker Analysis and Nivolumab in people with Cutaneous Melanoma and Mucosal Melanoma, run by M.D. Anderson Cancer Center at 2 sites in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 27 inclusion and 39 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Apr 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 2 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 5 Apr 2024). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Arm C: Number of Participants With the Pathologic Response Rate (time frame: up to 2 years). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02519322, which also lists 2 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Apr 2024.

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