HealthyCryotherapyNCT02506283
The Effect of Thermotherapy on Recovery and Performance
A study testing Zamar Therapy CT clinic in people with Healthy, run by University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland at 1 site in Switzerland.
Trial summary
This study investigates the effects of cooling on the recovery and performance characteristic in young healthy subjects. The study is divided in two projects: Project A: investigates the effects of 20 min. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy
- What is being tested?
- Zamar Therapy CT clinic
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 22 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSwitzerland
- Study dates
- May 2015to May 2019
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- only healthy young subjects 18-30 years
- no musculoskeletal surgery in trunk and lower extremities
- injury history in trunk and lower extremity for more than one year
- subjects taking anticonceptive medication are allowed to participate
Who cannot join
- actual injuries or injuries for less than one year in trunk and /or lower extremities
- injury history in trunk and lower extremity for more than one year with complaints
- anxiety of cooling
- subjects on medication
- pace maker
- cardiovascular disease
Show all 10Show fewer
- pregnancy
- skeletal problems
- appendectomy for less than two years
- Morbus Raynaud syndrome
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Switzerland1 site
University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland SUPSI
Landquart, Kanton Graubünden, 7302
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Cryotherapy on Recovery and Performance: A Randomized Controlled Double Blind Trial
This study investigates the effects of cooling on the recovery and performance characteristic in young healthy subjects. The study is divided in two projects:
Project A: investigates the effects of 20 min. post-exercise cooling on vertical jump performance and delayed onset muscle soreness and rated perceived exertion.
Project B: investigates the effects of 20 min. pre-exercise cooling on maximal voluntary contraction of the right M. quadriceps femoris and delayed onset muscle soreness and rated perceived exertion.
Read the detailed description
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a 20 min. external cooling application (+8°C ) versus a external thermo neutral application (+32°C) up to 72 hours post application.
The study is divided in two projects:
Project A: This study is focusing on the recovery process after a max. jump performance (3x30 counter movement jumps). Directly after the exercise subjects receive a cooling or thermo-neutral application. Recovery characteristics measured by vertical jump performance (objective) and delayed onset muscle soreness and rated perceived exertion (subjective) are measured in function of time up to 72 hours post cooling intervention.
Project B: This study is focusing on the effect of 20 min. cooling or thermo-neutral application on the M. quadriceps femoris performance (MVC). After the thermo-application, the 60% endurance MVC is measured by means of surface EMG (OT Bioelettronica 10-750 Hz) in a ergometer chair 90° degrees knee flexion (Cor 1 Bioelettronica). Muscle conduction velocity, MVC (objective), delayed onset muscle soreness and rated perceived exertion (subjective) are measured in function of time up to 72 hours post thermo-application.
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Being tested
- Zamar Therapy CT clinic
- Keywords
- cryotherapy, recovery, athletic performance, maximum voluntary contraction, rated perceived exertion, delayed onset muscle soreness, jump performance
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Zamar Therapy CT clinicDevice
Zamar Therapy is a certified medical product (directive 93/42/EEC and ISO 134 85:2012) (www.zamarmedical.com)
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Project A: Single Cooling Intervention | Experimental | Subjects in this study receive a single post-exercise intervention (3x 30 counter movement jumps), consisting of a 20 minute external cooling (temperature of 8°C) application (Zamar Therapy CT clinic) applied to both thighs. Receives: Device: Zamar Therapy CT clinic |
| Project A: Single Thermoneutral Intervention | Sham comparator | Subjects in the control group receive a single post-exercise (3x 30 counter movement jumps) sham intervention, consisting of a 20 minute external thermoneutral (temperature of 32°C) application (Zamar Therapy CT clinic) applied to both thighs. Receives: Device: Zamar Therapy CT clinic |
| Project B: Single Cooling Intervention | Experimental | Subjects in this study receive a single pre-exercise intervention (3x MVC) consisting of a 20 minute external cooling (temperature of 8°C) application (Zamar Therapy CT clinic) applied to both thighs. Receives: Device: Zamar Therapy CT clinic |
| Project B: Single Thermoneutral Intervention | Sham comparator | Subjects in the control group receive a single pre-exercise (3x MVC) sham intervention, consisting of a 20 minute external thermoneutral (temperature of 32°C) application (Zamar Therapy CT clinic) applied to both thighs. Receives: Device: Zamar Therapy CT clinic |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Project A: Delayed-onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)
The subjective recovery characteristics "Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)" was rated on a 0-10 cm visual analog scale. DOMS was assessed in a squat position (90° knee angle, with brief holding of maximum 3 seconds) ranging from 0(no soreness) to 10 (severe soreness). Higher values mean more DOMS and therefore less recovery.
Measured: 72 hours
Project A: Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
The subjective recovery characteristics " Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)" was rated on a 6-20 Borg scale (from 6 = "no exertion at all" to 20 = "Maximal exertion") in a standing position. The higher value means more exertion and therefore less recovery.
Measured: 72 hours
Project A: Vertical Jump Performance (VJP)
Vertical jump performance (VJP) was assessed performing three maximal counter mouvemet jumps (CMJs) with a 30-second pause between the three jumps on the Just Jump system (Probotics Inc, Huntsville, AL, USA). The highest jump was recorded.
Measured: 72 hours
Project A: Peak Power Output (PPO)
Peak power output (PPO) was assessed performing three maximal counter movement jumps (CMJs) on the Just Jump system (Probotics Inc, Huntsville, AL, USA) with a 30-second pause between the three jumps. PPO (presented in watts) was calculated.
Measured: 72 hours
Project B: Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC)
The isometric MVC of the right quadriceps femoris muscle was determined using a custom-made (Cor 1-V1.0) ergometer chair for biomechanical measurements (OT Bioelettronica, Torino, Italy). The maximum force of the knee extensors was determined with a force meter operating linearly in the range of 0-1000 N.
Measured: Baseline
Project B: Time to Exhaustion During a 60% Isometric MVC
After the thermotherapy, the participants immediately had to maintain an isometric contraction at 60% of their individual isometric MVC as long as possible until the force value decreased below 90% of the 60% target. Participants were able to follow their performance as the individual 60% isometric MVC mark and the corresponding 90% mark were displayed on a monitor. Time to exhaustion during this test was automatically measured and used as the submaximal contraction time.
Measured: Immediately post-intervention
Project B: Central Fatigue Assessed by Fractal Dimension (FD) of sEMG Signal
Central- and peripheral fatigue can be described as changes in fractal dimension (FD) and muscle fiber conduction velocity (CV) detected by surface electromyography. The myoelectrical signals were detected from the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) from semidisposable, bidimensional arrays of 16 electrodes (3 mm diameter, 2×8 grid, 10 mm interelectrode distance, OT Bioelettronica, Torino, Italy) during 60% of isometric MVC. Linear regressions were used to calculate the initial value and the rate of change (calculated as the percentage ratio between the change of EMG estimate in one second and the initial value, expressed as %/s) of the EMG variables.
Measured: Immediately post-intervention
Project B: Peripheral Fatigue Assessed by Muscle Fiber Conduction Velocity of sEMG Signal
Central- and peripheral fatigue can be described as changes in fractal dimension (FD) and muscle fiber conduction velocity (CV) detected by surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. The myoelectrical signals were detected from the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) from semidisposable, bidimensional arrays of 16 electrodes (3 mm diameter, 2×8 grid, 10 mm interelectrode distance, OT Bioelettronica, Torino, Italy) during 60% of isometric MVC. Linear regressions were used to calculate the initial value and the rate of change (calculated as the percentage ratio between the change of EMG estimate in one second and the initial value, expressed as %/s) of the EMG variables.
Measured: Immediatly post-intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Jul 2015 (estimated)
- Study startMay 2015
- Primary completionNov 2018
- Study completionMay 2019
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HealthyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 22 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- THIM - die internationale Hochschule für Physiotherapie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universiteit Antwerpen
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Ron Clijsen, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland SUPSI
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02506283
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- KEK-ZH-Nr.2015-0113
- Acronym
- Cryotherapy
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 27 May 2015
- Last updated
- 22 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Ascensao A, Leite M, Rebelo AN, Magalhaes S, Magalhaes J. Effects of cold water immersion on the recovery of physical performance and muscle damage following a one-off soccer match. J Sports Sci. 2011 Feb;29(3):217-25. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2010.526132.
PubMed 21170794Banfi G, Lombardi G, Colombini A, Melegati G. Whole-body cryotherapy in athletes. Sports Med. 2010 Jun 1;40(6):509-17. doi: 10.2165/11531940-000000000-00000.
PubMed 20524715Barnett A. Using recovery modalities between training sessions in elite athletes: does it help? Sports Med. 2006;36(9):781-96. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200636090-00005.
PubMed 16937953Bleakley C, McDonough S, Gardner E, Baxter GD, Hopkins JT, Davison GW. Cold-water immersion (cryotherapy) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Feb 15;2012(2):CD008262. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008262.pub2.
PubMed 22336838Pointon M, Duffield R, Cannon J, Marino FE. Cold application for neuromuscular recovery following intense lower-body exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Dec;111(12):2977-86. doi: 10.1007/s00421-011-1924-1. Epub 2011 Mar 29.
PubMed 21445604Wegmann M, Faude O, Poppendieck W, Hecksteden A, Frohlich M, Meyer T. Pre-cooling and sports performance: a meta-analytical review. Sports Med. 2012 Jul 1;42(7):545-64. doi: 10.2165/11630550-000000000-00000.
PubMed 22642829White GE, Wells GD. Cold-water immersion and other forms of cryotherapy: physiological changes potentially affecting recovery from high-intensity exercise. Extrem Physiol Med. 2013 Sep 1;2(1):26. doi: 10.1186/2046-7648-2-26.
PubMed 24004719Ross ML, Garvican LA, Jeacocke NA, Laursen PB, Abbiss CR, Martin DT, Burke LM. Novel precooling strategy enhances time trial cycling in the heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Jan;43(1):123-33. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181e93210.
PubMed 20508537Hohenauer E, Clarys P, Baeyens JP, Clijsen R. The effect of local cryotherapy on subjective and objective recovery characteristics following an exhaustive jump protocol. Open Access J Sports Med. 2016 Aug 22;7:89-97. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S110991. eCollection 2016.
PubMed 27579000Hohenauer E, Cescon C, Deliens T, Clarys P, Clijsen R. The effect of local skin cooling before a sustained, submaximal isometric contraction on fatigue and isometric quadriceps femoris performance: A randomized controlled trial. J Therm Biol. 2017 Apr;65:88-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.02.017. Epub 2017 Feb 27.
PubMed 28343582
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 22 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Cryotherapy on Recovery and Performance: A Randomized Controlled Double Blind Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02506283
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Cryotherapy / KEK-ZH-Nr.2015-0113
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Keywords
- cryotherapy, recovery, athletic performance, maximum voluntary contraction, rated perceived exertion, delayed onset muscle soreness, jump performance
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 22 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern SwitzerlandUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- THIM - die internationale Hochschule für Physiotherapie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universiteit Antwerpen
- Study start
- May 2015
- Primary completion
- Nov 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- May 2019 (actual)
- First posted
- 23 Jul 2015 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 20 Oct 2025
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study investigates the effects of cooling on the recovery and performance characteristic in young healthy subjects. The study is divided in two projects:
Project A: investigates the effects of 20 min. post-exercise cooling on vertical jump performance and delayed onset muscle soreness and rated perceived exertion.
Project B: investigates the effects of 20 min. pre-exercise cooling on maximal voluntary contraction of the right M. quadriceps femoris and delayed onset muscle soreness and rated perceived exertion.
Detailed description
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a 20 min. external cooling application (+8°C ) versus a external thermo neutral application (+32°C) up to 72 hours post application.
The study is divided in two projects:
Project A: This study is focusing on the recovery process after a max. jump performance (3x30 counter movement jumps). Directly after the exercise subjects receive a cooling or thermo-neutral application. Recovery characteristics measured by vertical jump performance (objective) and delayed onset muscle soreness and rated perceived exertion (subjective) are measured in function of time up to 72 hours post cooling intervention.
Project B: This study is focusing on the effect of 20 min. cooling or thermo-neutral application on the M. quadriceps femoris performance (MVC). After the thermo-application, the 60% endurance MVC is measured by means of surface EMG (OT Bioelettronica 10-750 Hz) in a ergometer chair 90° degrees knee flexion (Cor 1 Bioelettronica). Muscle conduction velocity, MVC (objective), delayed onset muscle soreness and rated perceived exertion (subjective) are measured in function of time up to 72 hours post thermo-application.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Project A: Single Cooling Intervention | Experimental | Device: Zamar Therapy CT clinicSubjects in this study receive a single post-exercise intervention (3x 30 counter movement jumps), consisting of a 20 minute external cooling (temperature of 8°C) application (Zamar Therapy CT clinic) applied to both thighs. |
| Project A: Single Thermoneutral Intervention | Sham comparator | Device: Zamar Therapy CT clinicSubjects in the control group receive a single post-exercise (3x 30 counter movement jumps) sham intervention, consisting of a 20 minute external thermoneutral (temperature of 32°C) application (Zamar Therapy CT clinic) applied to both thighs. |
| Project B: Single Cooling Intervention | Experimental | Device: Zamar Therapy CT clinicSubjects in this study receive a single pre-exercise intervention (3x MVC) consisting of a 20 minute external cooling (temperature of 8°C) application (Zamar Therapy CT clinic) applied to both thighs. |
| Project B: Single Thermoneutral Intervention | Sham comparator | Device: Zamar Therapy CT clinicSubjects in the control group receive a single pre-exercise (3x MVC) sham intervention, consisting of a 20 minute external thermoneutral (temperature of 32°C) application (Zamar Therapy CT clinic) applied to both thighs. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- only healthy young subjects 18-30 years
- no musculoskeletal surgery in trunk and lower extremities
- injury history in trunk and lower extremity for more than one year
- subjects taking anticonceptive medication are allowed to participate
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- actual injuries or injuries for less than one year in trunk and /or lower extremities
- injury history in trunk and lower extremity for more than one year with complaints
- anxiety of cooling
- subjects on medication
- pace maker
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Zamar Therapy CT clinicZamar Therapy is a certified medical product (directive 93/42/EEC and ISO 134 85:2012) (www.zamarmedical.com) | Device | Project A: Single Cooling Intervention, Project A: Single Thermoneutral Intervention, Project B: Single Cooling Intervention, Project B: Single Thermoneutral Intervention |
Primary outcome
Project A: Delayed-onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)
Time frame: 72 hours
The subjective recovery characteristics "Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)" was rated on a 0-10 cm visual analog scale. DOMS was assessed in a squat position (90° knee angle, with brief holding of maximum 3 seconds) ranging from 0(no soreness) to 10 (severe soreness). Higher values mean more DOMS and therefore less recovery.
Project A: Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
Time frame: 72 hours
The subjective recovery characteristics " Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)" was rated on a 6-20 Borg scale (from 6 = "no exertion at all" to 20 = "Maximal exertion") in a standing position. The higher value means more exertion and therefore less recovery.
Project A: Vertical Jump Performance (VJP)
Time frame: 72 hours
Vertical jump performance (VJP) was assessed performing three maximal counter mouvemet jumps (CMJs) with a 30-second pause between the three jumps on the Just Jump system (Probotics Inc, Huntsville, AL, USA). The highest jump was recorded.
Project A: Peak Power Output (PPO)
Time frame: 72 hours
Peak power output (PPO) was assessed performing three maximal counter movement jumps (CMJs) on the Just Jump system (Probotics Inc, Huntsville, AL, USA) with a 30-second pause between the three jumps. PPO (presented in watts) was calculated.
Project B: Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC)
Time frame: Baseline
The isometric MVC of the right quadriceps femoris muscle was determined using a custom-made (Cor 1-V1.0) ergometer chair for biomechanical measurements (OT Bioelettronica, Torino, Italy). The maximum force of the knee extensors was determined with a force meter operating linearly in the range of 0-1000 N.
Project B: Time to Exhaustion During a 60% Isometric MVC
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention
After the thermotherapy, the participants immediately had to maintain an isometric contraction at 60% of their individual isometric MVC as long as possible until the force value decreased below 90% of the 60% target. Participants were able to follow their performance as the individual 60% isometric MVC mark and the corresponding 90% mark were displayed on a monitor. Time to exhaustion during this test was automatically measured and used as the submaximal contraction time.
Project B: Central Fatigue Assessed by Fractal Dimension (FD) of sEMG Signal
Time frame: Immediately post-intervention
Central- and peripheral fatigue can be described as changes in fractal dimension (FD) and muscle fiber conduction velocity (CV) detected by surface electromyography. The myoelectrical signals were detected from the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) from semidisposable, bidimensional arrays of 16 electrodes (3 mm diameter, 2×8 grid, 10 mm interelectrode distance, OT Bioelettronica, Torino, Italy) during 60% of isometric MVC. Linear regressions were used to calculate the initial value and the rate of change (calculated as the percentage ratio between the change of EMG estimate in one second and the initial value, expressed as %/s) of the EMG variables.
Project B: Peripheral Fatigue Assessed by Muscle Fiber Conduction Velocity of sEMG Signal
Time frame: Immediatly post-intervention
Central- and peripheral fatigue can be described as changes in fractal dimension (FD) and muscle fiber conduction velocity (CV) detected by surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. The myoelectrical signals were detected from the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) from semidisposable, bidimensional arrays of 16 electrodes (3 mm diameter, 2×8 grid, 10 mm interelectrode distance, OT Bioelettronica, Torino, Italy) during 60% of isometric MVC. Linear regressions were used to calculate the initial value and the rate of change (calculated as the percentage ratio between the change of EMG estimate in one second and the initial value, expressed as %/s) of the EMG variables.
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 22 Oct 2026.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 21170794Ascensao A, Leite M, Rebelo AN, Magalhaes S, Magalhaes J. Effects of cold water immersion on the recovery of physical performance and muscle damage following a one-off soccer match. J Sports Sci. 2011 Feb;29(3):217-25. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2010.526132.
- Background: PubMed 20524715Banfi G, Lombardi G, Colombini A, Melegati G. Whole-body cryotherapy in athletes. Sports Med. 2010 Jun 1;40(6):509-17. doi: 10.2165/11531940-000000000-00000.
- Background: PubMed 16937953Barnett A. Using recovery modalities between training sessions in elite athletes: does it help? Sports Med. 2006;36(9):781-96. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200636090-00005.
- Background: PubMed 22336838Bleakley C, McDonough S, Gardner E, Baxter GD, Hopkins JT, Davison GW. Cold-water immersion (cryotherapy) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Feb 15;2012(2):CD008262. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008262.pub2.
- Background: PubMed 21445604Pointon M, Duffield R, Cannon J, Marino FE. Cold application for neuromuscular recovery following intense lower-body exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Dec;111(12):2977-86. doi: 10.1007/s00421-011-1924-1. Epub 2011 Mar 29.
- Background: PubMed 22642829Wegmann M, Faude O, Poppendieck W, Hecksteden A, Frohlich M, Meyer T. Pre-cooling and sports performance: a meta-analytical review. Sports Med. 2012 Jul 1;42(7):545-64. doi: 10.2165/11630550-000000000-00000.
- Background: PubMed 24004719White GE, Wells GD. Cold-water immersion and other forms of cryotherapy: physiological changes potentially affecting recovery from high-intensity exercise. Extrem Physiol Med. 2013 Sep 1;2(1):26. doi: 10.1186/2046-7648-2-26.
- Background: PubMed 20508537Ross ML, Garvican LA, Jeacocke NA, Laursen PB, Abbiss CR, Martin DT, Burke LM. Novel precooling strategy enhances time trial cycling in the heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Jan;43(1):123-33. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181e93210.
- Results publication: PubMed 27579000Hohenauer E, Clarys P, Baeyens JP, Clijsen R. The effect of local cryotherapy on subjective and objective recovery characteristics following an exhaustive jump protocol. Open Access J Sports Med. 2016 Aug 22;7:89-97. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S110991. eCollection 2016.
- Results publication: PubMed 28343582Hohenauer E, Cescon C, Deliens T, Clarys P, Clijsen R. The effect of local skin cooling before a sustained, submaximal isometric contraction on fatigue and isometric quadriceps femoris performance: A randomized controlled trial. J Therm Biol. 2017 Apr;65:88-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.02.017. Epub 2017 Feb 27.
- Zamar thermotherapyLink provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ron Clijsen, PhD principal investigator
University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland SUPSI
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Zamar Therapy CT clinic in people with Healthy, run by University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland at 1 site in Switzerland.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 22 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Switzerland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 20 Oct 2025). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Project A: Delayed-onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) (time frame: 72 hours). The study lists 8 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02506283, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 22 Oct 2026.