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Father - Child RelationsDAADNCT02412748

The Dedicated African American Dad Study

A study testing BBTF Intervention and Financial Literacy Program in people with Father - Child Relations, run by Rush University Medical Center at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

The number of children living apart from their fathers has grown nationally, and the greatest percentage is evident among African American (AA) families; two-thirds of all African American children live in households without their biological father. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Father - Child Relations
What is being tested?
BBTF Intervention and Financial Literacy Program
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
308 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
Feb 2015to 24 Sep 2018
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • Men only
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • AA biological father of a child 2 to 5 years old
  • Child lives with father no more than 48 hours per week (e.g., spends the weekends with his or her father)
  • The child lives with the biological mother (or other custodial relative such as grandmother) in the metropolitan Chicago area.
  • These fathers are referred to as AA non-resident fathers. Additional criteria include: (1) child's mother is willing to consent to complete the child assessments; - Child's mother is amenable to facilitating opportunities for fathers to interact with their children in order to practice skills learned in the program
  • Father is able and willing to travel to one of two intervention sites to attend a weekly program.
  • The study is limited to fathers with a target child aged 2-5 years.
  • The rationale for this limit is based on the developmental phase when families are most vulnerable to decreased father involvement and children are highly dependent on parenting for their growth and development.

Who cannot join

  • Fathers with histories of child abuse, neglect, or violence perpetuated against the child or the child's mother (based on mother or father report).

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site
  • Rush University Medical Center

    Chicago, Illinois, 60612

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: African American Non-Resident Fatherhood Program: Effects on Child/Family Outcomes

The number of children living apart from their fathers has grown nationally, and the greatest percentage is evident among African American (AA) families; two-thirds of all African American children live in households without their biological father. Research supports the importance of positive fathering in the lives of children. But in order for children to benefit from their fathers' involvement, the father-child relationship must be timely and sustained. This study will test culturally relevant interventions aimed at increasing non-resident (not living with the child) AA fathers' involvement with their children.

Read the detailed description

The purpose of this competing continuation study is to test the efficacy of the core 9-session BBTF program (held over12-weeks) on: (1) improving father outcomes (psychological well-being, relationship quality with the child's mother, parenting competence); (2) father-mother relationship quality; (3) father involvement (material support, in-kind support, direct father-child interaction); and (4) child outcomes (behavioral, social, emotional). The study will use an experimental design and randomly assign 180 AA fathers who are not currently involved with the criminal justice system and their 2-5 year old children to the BBTF or an attention control condition and assess outcomes at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Custodial mothers of the children will be recruited to concurrently complete child outcome measures, measures of father-mother relationship quality, and father involvement measures.

The specific aims and hypotheses are as follows:

Aim 1: Test the direct effects of the 9-session BBTF program on: (1) father's outcomes (psychological well-being, parenting competence, and communication and problem solving) and (2) paternal involvement (material support, in-kind support, and direct father-child interaction), controlling for father characteristics (demographics, history of criminal justice system involvement, social support) and child characteristics (age, gender). Hypothesis 1: BBTF program fathers will report better father outcomes and greater paternal involvement than the attention control group at 12 weeks and 24 weeks.

Aim 2: Test the mediating effects of father-mother relationship and father outcomes on paternal involvement across the two conditions. Hypothesis 2: Father-mother relationship quality and father outcomes will mediate intervention effects on paternal involvement.

Aim 3: Compare the effects of the BBTF program, controlling for father outcomes, father-mother relationship, and paternal involvement on child outcomes (behavioral, emotional/social development) as compared to the attention control group. Hypothesis 3a: BBTF children will have improved child outcomes relative to the control group at 12 weeks and 24 weeks. Hypothesis 3b: Child outcomes will be mediated by improvements in father outcomes, paternal involvement and father-mother relationship.

Being tested
BBTF Intervention, Financial Literacy Program
Keywords
Non-Resident, Fathers, African American

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • BBTF InterventionBehavioural

    The Building Bridges to Fatherhood (BBTF) intervention consists of 9 group sessions and 1 booster session as described in the arm/group descriptions.

  • Financial Literacy ProgramBehavioural

    The Financial Literacy Program (FLP) attention control condition consists of 9 group sessions and 1 booster session as described in the arm/group descriptions.

Study groups in NCT02412748
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Financial Literacy ProgramActive comparatorThe Financial Literacy Program (FLP) attention control condition will not receive any information on fatherhood. They will participate in a nine-session financial education program, called "Money Smart," which has modules that will be facilitated by a group leader that focus on banking, borrowing, checking accounts, money management, saving, establishing and repairing a credit history, using credit cards responsibly and learning about borrowing and home ownership. They will also receive a booster session 6 weeks after the final session that focuses on setting financial goals.
Receives: Behavioral: Financial Literacy Program
BBTF InterventionExperimentalThe Building Bridges to Fatherhood (BBTF) intervention employs the following key features: a collaborative model for working with parents; vignettes of father-child models engaged in situations typical of non-resident fathers with young children for stimulating discussion and problem-solving; group discussion format, which allows fathers to support one another and share ideas on using program principles to fit within the contexts of fatherhood; "homework assignments" that help fathers practice the new skills at home; weekly handouts summarizing the major points discussed each week, which can be shared with others and used to gain greater support from extended family; and a Leader's Manual that standardizes the program across groups and group leaders.
Receives: Behavioral: BBTF Intervention

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Father Involvement as Measured by the Fragile Families Survey - Father Report

    The Fragile Families Survey (FFS) Measures the frequency with which fathers provide material and in-kind support and directly interact with their child The minimum score is 13, and the maximum score is 52. Higher scores mean a better outcome.

    Measured: Mean/Standard Error (SE) at Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  2. Father Involvement as Measured by the Julion Index of Paternal Involvement - Father Report

    The Julion Index of Paternal Involvement (JIPI) measured the frequency with which fathers provide material and in-kind support and engage in direct father-child interaction.

    The minimum value is 19 and the maximum value is 76. Higher scores mean a better outcome.

    Measured: Change from baseline to 12 and 24 weeks

Secondary outcomes (20)
  1. Taylor Inventory of Self-Esteem (Positive)

    The 16-item Taylor Inventory of Self-esteem is a measure of self-esteem and rewards and costs to self. The minimum value on the 8-item positive subscale is zero, and the maximum value is 64. Higher scores are better outcomes.

    Measured: Mean/SE at Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  2. Taylor Inventory of Self-Esteem (Negative)

    The 16-item Taylor Inventory of Self-esteem is a measure of self-esteem and rewards and costs to self. The minimum value on the 8-item negative subscale is zero, and the maximum value is 64. Higher scores are worse outcomes.

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  3. Perceived Stress Scale (Negative)

    The Perceived Stress Scale examines the degree to which situations are experienced as stressful. The 6-item negative subscale has a range of scores from zero to 24. Higher scores are worse outcomes.

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  4. Perceived Stress Scale (Positive)

    The Perceived Stress Scale examines the degree to which situations are experienced as stressful. The 4-item positive subscale has a range of scores from zero to 16. Higher scores are better outcomes.

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  5. Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale

    The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) measures depressive symptoms experienced in the past week.

    The minimum value is zero and the maximum value is sixty. Four items were reverse coded and higher scores indicated worse outcomes.

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  6. Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (Satisfaction)

    The Parent Sense of Competency Scale measures satisfaction and self-efficacy in their parenting role. The 9-item satisfaction subscale has a range of scores from nine to fifty-four. Higher scores are better parenting self-esteem.

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  7. Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (Self-Efficacy)

    The Parent Sense of Competency Scale measures satisfaction and self-efficacy in their parenting role. The 7-item self-efficacy subscale has a range of scores from seven to 42. Higher scores are better parenting self-esteem.

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  8. Parent Behavior Checklist (Discipline)

    The Parent Behavior Checklist is a measure of parenting skills and knowledge. The 10-item discipline subscale has a range of values from 1 to 4. This scale was log transformed, making the range 0 to 1.4. Higher scores mean worse outcomes.

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  9. Parent Behavior Checklist (Nurturing)

    The Parent Behavior Checklist is a measure of parenting skills and knowledge. The 10-item nurturing subscale has a range of values from 1 to 4. Higher scores mean worse outcomes.

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  10. Parent Behavior Checklist (Expectations)

    The Parent Behavior Checklist is a measure of parenting skills and knowledge. The 12-item expectations subscale has a range of values from 1 to 4. Higher scores mean worse outcomes.

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  11. Quality of Relationship Inventory (Support)

    Measure of support, conflict, and depth of father-mother relationship. The Quality of Relationship Inventory (QRI) a self-assessment questionnaire used to determine the quality of a couple's relationship and their satisfaction with the relationship. The minimum score on the support subscale is 1 and the maximum score is 4. Higher scores mean a better outcome.

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  12. Quality of Relationship Inventory (Conflict)

    Measure of support, conflict, and depth of father-mother relationship. The Quality of Relationship Inventory (QRI) a self-assessment questionnaire used to determine the quality of a couple's relationship and their satisfaction with the relationship. The minimum score on the conflict subscale is 1and the maximum score is 4. Higher scores mean a worse outcome..

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  13. Quality of Relationship Inventory (Depth)

    Measure of support, conflict, and depth of father-mother relationship. The Quality of Relationship Inventory (QRI) a self-assessment questionnaire used to determine the quality of a couple's relationship and their satisfaction with the relationship. The minimum score on the depth subscale is 1 and the maximum score is 4. Higher scores mean a better outcome.

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  14. Behavior Assessment System for Children 3rd Ed (Aggression)

    The Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) is a measure of adaptive and problem behaviors in community and home settings. The aggression subscale measures the tendency to act in a hostile manner (either verbal or physical) that is threatening to others. The raw scores are converted to T-Scores with a population mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. Scores 70 and above are considered clinically significant level.

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  15. Behavior Assessment System for Children 3rd Ed (Attention)

    The Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) is a measure of adaptive and problem behaviors in community and home settings. The attention subscale measures he tendency to be easily distracted and unable to concentrate more than momentarily. The raw scores are converted to T-Scores with a population mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. Scores 70 and above are considered clinically significant level.

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  16. Behavior Assessment System for Children 3rd Ed (Depression)

    The Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) is a measure of adaptive and problem behaviors in community and home settings. The depression subscale measures feelings of unhappiness, sadness, and stress that may result in an inability to carry out everyday activities or may bring on thoughts of suicide. The raw scores are converted to T-Scores with a population mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. Scores 70 and above are considered clinically significant level.

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  17. Behavior Assessment System for Children 3rd Ed (Hyperactivity)

    The Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) is a measure of adaptive and problem behaviors in community and home settings. The hyperactivity subscale measures the tendency to be overly active, rush through work or activities, and act without thinking. The raw scores are converted to T-Scores with a population mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. Scores 70 and above are considered clinically significant level.

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  18. Tolerance For Disagreement

    The degree of tolerance of interpersonal disagreement. The minimum score is 15 and the maximum score is 75. Higher scores mean a better outcome.

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  19. Personal Problem Solving Inventory - Efficacy

    The Perceived Problem Solving Inventory subscale measures perceived efficacy in one's own ability to solve problems. The minimum score is 1 and the maximum score is 6 for each of the 7 items. The total range of scores for this subscale is from 1 to 6. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

  20. Personal Problem Solving Inventory - Skills

    The Personal Problem Solving Inventory measures perceived skills in one's own ability to solve problems. The minimum score is 1 and the maximum score is 6 for each of the 9 items on this subscale. Total range of scores for the scale are 1 to 6. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

    Measured: Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted9 Apr 2015 (estimated)
  2. Study startFeb 2015
  3. Primary completion24 Sep 2018
  4. Study completion24 Sep 2018

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Single blind
Who is masked
Participant
Enrolment
308 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT02412748
Sponsor's protocol ID
2R01NR011182-03
Other IDs
2R01NR011182-03
Acronym
DAAD
Status last verified
Apr 2023
First submitted
6 Mar 2015
Last updated
20 Apr 2023
Data monitoring committee
Yes

Publications

  • Julion WA, Breitenstein SM, Waddell D. Fatherhood intervention development in collaboration with African American non-resident fathers. Res Nurs Health. 2012 Oct;35(5):490-506. doi: 10.1002/nur.21492. Epub 2012 Jun 8.

    PubMed 22685066
  • Julion W, Gross D, Barclay-McLaughlin G, Fogg L. "It's not just about MOMMAS": African-American non-resident fathers' views of paternal involvement. Res Nurs Health. 2007 Dec;30(6):595-610. doi: 10.1002/nur.20223.

    PubMed 18022813
  • Julion WA, Sumo J, Bounds DT, Breitenstein SM, Schoeny M, Gross D, Fogg L. Study protocol for a randomized clinical trial of a fatherhood intervention for African American non-resident fathers: Can we improve father and child outcomes? Contemp Clin Trials. 2016 Jul;49:29-39. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2016.05.005. Epub 2016 May 28.

    PubMed 27241687
  • Julion WA, Sumo J, Bounds DT. A tripartite model for recruiting African-Americans into fatherhood intervention research. Public Health Nurs. 2018 Sep;35(5):420-426. doi: 10.1111/phn.12411. Epub 2018 May 9.

    PubMed 29740854
  • Julion W, Sumo J, Schoeny ME, Breitenstein SM, Bounds DT. Recruitment, Retention, and Intervention Outcomes from the Dedicated African American Dad (DAAD) Study. J Urban Health. 2021 Oct;98(Suppl 2):133-148. doi: 10.1007/s11524-021-00549-8. Epub 2021 Jul 1.

    PubMed 34196905

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing BBTF Intervention and Financial Literacy Program in people with Father - Child Relations, run by Rush University Medical Center at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Apr 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 20 Apr 2023). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Father Involvement as Measured by the Fragile Families Survey - Father Report (time frame: Mean/Standard Error (SE) at Baseline, 12, and 24 weeks). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02412748, which also lists 5 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Apr 2023.

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