Pain DisordersPhase 1NCT02350296
Crossover, Single Dose Randomized, Bioequivalence of Ketoprofen Lysine Salt Immediate Release vs Oral Solution
A Phase 1 study testing KSL 40 mg and OKi® 80 mg in people with Pain Disorders, run by Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A at 1 site in Switzerland.
Trial summary
Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate the bioequivalence between two formulations containing ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) when administered as single oral doses in two consecutive study periods to healthy male and female volunteers under fasting conditions. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 55 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Pain Disorders
- What is being tested?
- KSL 40 mg and OKi® 80 mg
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 30 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSwitzerland
- Study dates
- 26 Nov 2014to 22 Apr 2015
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 55 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- To be enrolled in this study, subjects must fulfil all these criteria:
- Informed consent: signed written informed consent before inclusion in the study
- Sex and Age: males/females, 18-55 years old inclusive
- Body Mass Index (BMI): 18.5-30 kg/m2 inclusive
- Vital signs: systolic blood pressure (SBP) 100-139 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 50-89 mmHg, pulse rate (PR) 50-90 bpm and body temperature (BT) ≤ 37.5° C, measured after 5 min of rest in the sitting position;
- Full comprehension: ability to comprehend the full nature and purpose of the study, including possible risks and side effects; ability to co-operate with the investigator and to comply with the requirements of the entire study
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- Contraception and fertility (females only): females of child-bearing potential and with an active sexual life must be using at least one of the following reliable methods of contraception:
- Hormonal oral, implantable, transdermal, or injectable contraceptives for at least 2 months before the screening visit
- A non-hormonal intrauterine device [IUD] or female condom with spermicide or contraceptive sponge with spermicide or diaphragm with spermicide or cervical cap with spermicide for at least 2 months before the screening visit
- A male sexual partner who agrees to use a male condom with spermicide
- A sterile sexual partner
- Female participants of non-child-bearing potential or in post-menopausal status for at least 1 year will be admitted. For all female subjects, pregnancy test result must be negative at screening.
Who cannot join
- Subjects meeting any of these criteria will not be enrolled in the study:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG 12-leads, supine position): clinically significant abnormalities
- Physical findings: clinically significant abnormal physical findings which could interfere with the objectives of the study
- Laboratory analyses: clinically significant abnormal laboratory values indicative of physical illness
- Allergy: ascertained or presumptive hypersensitivity to the active principles (ketoprofen) and/or formulations' ingredients; history of hypersensitivity to drugs (in particular to NSAIDs) or allergic reactions in general, which the Investigator considers may affect the outcome of the study
- Diseases: significant history of renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory (including asthma), skin, haematological, endocrine or neurological and autoimmune diseases that may interfere with the aim of the study
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- Medications: medications, including over the counter (OTC) drugs [in particular ketoprofen and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and NSAIDs in general], herbal remedies and food supplements taken 2 weeks before the start of the study. Hormonal contraceptives for females will be allowed
- Investigative drug studies: participation in the evaluation of any investigational product for 3 months before this study. The 3-month interval is calculated as the time between the first calendar day of the month that follows the last visit of the previous study and the first day of the present study (date of the informed consent signature)
- Blood donation: blood donations for 3 months before this study
- Drug, alcohol, caffeine, tobacco: history of drug, alcohol [> 1 drink/day for females and > 2 drinks/day for males, defined according to the USDA Dietary Guidelines 2010 (6)], caffeine (> 5 cups coffee/tea/day) or tobacco abuse (≥ 6 cigarettes/day)
- Drug test: positive result at the drug test at screening
- Alcohol test: positive alcohol breath test at day -1
- Diet: abnormal diets (< 1600 or > 3500 kcal/day) or substantial changes in eating habits in the 4 weeks before this study; vegetarians
- Pregnancy (females only): positive or missing pregnancy test at screening or day -1, pregnant or lactating women
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: 2-way Crossover, Single Dose Randomized Bioequivalence Phase I Study of Ketoprofen Lysine Salt as Immediate Release Tablets Formulation (40 mg) vs. Oral Solution (80 mg, Half Sachet) After Oral Administration to Healthy Volunteers.
Objectives:
The objective of the study was to investigate the bioequivalence between two formulations containing ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) when administered as single oral doses in two consecutive study periods to healthy male and female volunteers under fasting conditions.
Primary end-point: to evaluate the bioequivalent rate (Cmax) and extent (AUC0-t) of absorption of ketoprofen after single dose administration of test and reference products.
Secondary end-points:
- to describe the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of ketoprofen after single dose administration of test and reference products;
- to collect safety and tolerability data after single dose administration of test and reference products.
Read the detailed description
This was a single centre, single dose, open, randomised, two-way cross-over, two-stage bioequivalence study. According to the two-stage design of the study, an initial group of subjects was treated in study stage 1 and data were analysed. Since bioequivalence was demonstrated, according to the protocol the study was terminated after stage 1, and stage 2 was not performed.
The study was conducted as planned and consisted of a screening visit, a treatment phase of 2 study periods separated by a wash-out interval of at least 4 days and a final visit / early termination visit (ETV).
Considering the lack of information about the PK profile of the new formulation, it was decided to use a "two stage" bioequivalence study design, that allows a re-calculation of the sample size in case the number of subjects initially enrolled in the study is not large enough to provide a reliable answer to the questions addressed, due to a possible underestimation of the variability or misleading estimation of the point estimate for the test/reference ratio of the geometric means.
The sequence of treatments in the two study periods was assigned to each randomised subject according to a computer generated randomisation list.
A wash-out period of at least 4 days between the two administrations is justified by the elimination half-life of the ketoprofen (1-2 h).
- Conditions
- Pain Disorders
- Being tested
- KSL 40 mg, OKi® 80 mg
- Keywords
- headache, dental pain, neuralgia, dysmenorrhoea, muscular and osteoarticular pain
- Medical subject headings
- Somatoform Disorders, Headache, Toothache, Neuralgia, Dysmenorrhea
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
KSL 40 mgDrug
Also called Ketoprofen lysine salt
Ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) immediate release oral tablets 40 mg, corresponding to 25 mg of ketoprofen free acid. Ketoprofen lysine salt was administered according to the randomisation list and the cross-over design. One (1) tablet of test formulation was administered to the subjects in the morning with 240 mL of still mineral water. Afterwards, no fluid intake was permitted for 2 h. All subjects were under fasting conditions from the evening before investigational product administration (i.e. for at least 10 h, overnight).
OKi® 80 mgDrug
Also called Ketoprofen lysine salt
OKi® 80 mg granules for oral solution (bipartite sachets: each half sachet containing 40 mg of KLS corresponding to 25 mg of ketoprofen free acid). Ketoprofen lysine salt was administered according to the randomisation list and the cross-over design.
The content of half sachet of the reference formulation was dissolved in 190 mL of still mineral water. The subject drank the entire solution immediately. Then the glass was rinsed with 50 mL of still mineral water and the subject drank the rinse immediately. Afterwards, no fluid intake was permitted for 2 h. All subjects were under fasting conditions from the evening before investigational product administration (i.e. for at least 10 h, overnight).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Test - Reference (KSL 40 mg - OKi® 80 mg) | Experimental | In this arm, a single dose of the test product (1 tablet; 40 mg KLS) was orally administered, under fasting conditions, in the first study period (day 1, 08:00±1h), and, after a wash-out period of at least 4 days, a single dose of the reference product OKi® 80 mg (half a sachet, 40 mg KLS) was orally administered, under fasting conditions, in the second study period (day 1, Visit 5, 08:00 ±1h). Receives: Drug: KSL 40 mg; Drug: OKi® 80 mg |
| Reference - Test (OKi® 80 mg - KSL 40 mg) | Experimental | In this arm, a single dose of the reference product OKi® 80 mg (half a sachet, 40 mg KLS) was orally administered, under fasting conditions, in the first study period (day 1, Visit 3, 08:00 ±1h) and, after a wash-out period of at least 4 days, a single dose of the test product (1 tablet; 40 mg KLS) was orally administered, under fasting conditions, in the second study period (day 1, Visit 5, 08:00±1h). Receives: Drug: KSL 40 mg; Drug: OKi® 80 mg |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: Cmax
Cmax = maximum plasma concentration. Cmax a of ketoprofen was calculated from plasma concentrations after single oral dose of test and reference products. Plasma concentrations of ketoprofen were measured in each study period at the timepoints hereunder reported. Arithmetic means + standard deviation are reported hereunder.
Measured: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 hours post-dose
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: AUC0-t
AUC0-t = Area under the concentration-time curve from administration to the last observed concentration time t, calculated with the linear trapezoidal method. AUC0-t of ketoprofen was calculated from plasma concentrations after single oral dose of test and reference products. Plasma concentrations of ketoprofen were measured in each study period at the timepoints hereunder specified.
Please note that AUC0-t was considered a reliable estimate of the extent of absorption if the ratio AUC0-t/AUC0-∞ equalled or exceeded a factor of 0.8, i.e. if %AUCextra was < 20%. Arithmetic means + standard deviation are reported hereunder.
Measured: pre-dose (0), 5, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h post-dose.
Secondary outcomes (5)
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: AUC0-∞
AUC0-∞ = Area under the concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity, calculated, if feasible, as AUC0-t + Ct/λz, where Ct is the last measurable drug concentration. AUC0-∞ of ketoprofen was calculated from plasma concentrations after single oral dose of test and reference products. Plasma concentrations of ketoprofen were measured in each study period at the timepoints hereunder reported. Arithmetic means + standard deviation are reported hereunder.
Measured: pre-dose (0), 5, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h post-dose
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: Tmax
Tmax = Time to achieve Cmax. Tmax (0-8 hours) of ketoprofen calculated from plasma concentrations after single oral dose of test and reference. Plasma concentrations of ketoprofen were measured in each study period at the following timepoints: pre-dose (0), 5, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h post-dose.
Measured: pre-dose (0), 5, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h post-dose.
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: T1/2
T1/2 = Half-life, calculated, if feasible, as ln2/λz. T1/2 (0-8 hours) of ketoprofen was calculated from plasma concentrations after single oral dose of test and reference. Plasma concentrations of ketoprofen were measured in each study period at the following timepoints: pre-dose (0), 5, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h post-dose.
Measured: pre-dose (0), 5, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h post-dose.
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: Frel
Frel = Relative bioavailability, calculated as ratio AUC0-t (test)/ AUC0-t (reference)
Measured: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 hours post-dose
Number of TEAEs
TEAE = Treatment Emergent Adverse Events. TEAEs were assessed throughout the study, from informed consent up to the final visit / early termination visit (ETV), which takes place after visit 5 on day 1 of period 2, more precisely after the 8 h blood sampling and vital signs check.
Measured: From Day -14 to Day 1 of period 2 (Final visit/ETV), approximately 1 month
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Jan 2015 (estimated)
- Study start26 Nov 2014
- Primary completion16 Dec 2014
- Study completion22 Apr 2015
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Other trials for Pain DisordersStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Collaborators
- Cross Research S.A.
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Milko Radicioni, MD, Principal investigator, CROSS Research S.A., Phase I Unit
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02350296
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- KSL0114
- Status last verified
- Apr 2024
- First submitted
- 15 Dec 2014
- Last updated
- 19 Apr 2024
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Apr 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- 2-way Crossover, Single Dose Randomized Bioequivalence Phase I Study of Ketoprofen Lysine Salt as Immediate Release Tablets Formulation (40 mg) vs. Oral Solution (80 mg, Half Sachet) After Oral Administration to Healthy Volunteers.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02350296
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- KSL0114
- Conditions
- Pain Disorders
- Keywords
- headache, dental pain, neuralgia, dysmenorrhoea, muscular and osteoarticular pain
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 30 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.AIndustry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Collaborators
- Cross Research S.A.
- Study start
- 26 Nov 2014 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 16 Dec 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- 22 Apr 2015 (actual)
- First posted
- 29 Jan 2015 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 19 Apr 2024
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Objectives:
The objective of the study was to investigate the bioequivalence between two formulations containing ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) when administered as single oral doses in two consecutive study periods to healthy male and female volunteers under fasting conditions.
Primary end-point: to evaluate the bioequivalent rate (Cmax) and extent (AUC0-t) of absorption of ketoprofen after single dose administration of test and reference products.
Secondary end-points:
- to describe the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of ketoprofen after single dose administration of test and reference products;
- to collect safety and tolerability data after single dose administration of test and reference products.
Detailed description
This was a single centre, single dose, open, randomised, two-way cross-over, two-stage bioequivalence study. According to the two-stage design of the study, an initial group of subjects was treated in study stage 1 and data were analysed. Since bioequivalence was demonstrated, according to the protocol the study was terminated after stage 1, and stage 2 was not performed.
The study was conducted as planned and consisted of a screening visit, a treatment phase of 2 study periods separated by a wash-out interval of at least 4 days and a final visit / early termination visit (ETV).
Considering the lack of information about the PK profile of the new formulation, it was decided to use a "two stage" bioequivalence study design, that allows a re-calculation of the sample size in case the number of subjects initially enrolled in the study is not large enough to provide a reliable answer to the questions addressed, due to a possible underestimation of the variability or misleading estimation of the point estimate for the test/reference ratio of the geometric means.
The sequence of treatments in the two study periods was assigned to each randomised subject according to a computer generated randomisation list.
A wash-out period of at least 4 days between the two administrations is justified by the elimination half-life of the ketoprofen (1-2 h).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Test - Reference (KSL 40 mg - OKi® 80 mg) | Experimental | Drug: KSL 40 mg, Drug: OKi® 80 mgIn this arm, a single dose of the test product (1 tablet; 40 mg KLS) was orally administered, under fasting conditions, in the first study period (day 1, 08:00±1h), and, after a wash-out period of at least 4 days, a single dose of the reference product OKi® 80 mg (half a sachet, 40 mg KLS) was orally administered, under fasting conditions, in the second study period (day 1, Visit 5, 08:00 ±1h). |
| Reference - Test (OKi® 80 mg - KSL 40 mg) | Experimental | Drug: KSL 40 mg, Drug: OKi® 80 mgIn this arm, a single dose of the reference product OKi® 80 mg (half a sachet, 40 mg KLS) was orally administered, under fasting conditions, in the first study period (day 1, Visit 3, 08:00 ±1h) and, after a wash-out period of at least 4 days, a single dose of the test product (1 tablet; 40 mg KLS) was orally administered, under fasting conditions, in the second study period (day 1, Visit 5, 08:00±1h). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 55 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (12 listed)
- Informed consent: signed written informed consent before inclusion in the study
- Sex and Age: males/females, 18-55 years old inclusive
- Body Mass Index (BMI): 18.5-30 kg/m2 inclusive
- Vital signs: systolic blood pressure (SBP) 100-139 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 50-89 mmHg, pulse rate (PR) 50-90 bpm and body temperature (BT) ≤ 37.5° C, measured after 5 min of rest in the sitting position;
- Full comprehension: ability to comprehend the full nature and purpose of the study, including possible risks and side effects; ability to co-operate with the investigator and to comply with the requirements of the entire study
Key exclusion criteria (14 listed)
- Electrocardiogram (ECG 12-leads, supine position): clinically significant abnormalities
- Physical findings: clinically significant abnormal physical findings which could interfere with the objectives of the study
- Laboratory analyses: clinically significant abnormal laboratory values indicative of physical illness
- Allergy: ascertained or presumptive hypersensitivity to the active principles (ketoprofen) and/or formulations' ingredients; history of hypersensitivity to drugs (in particular to NSAIDs) or allergic reactions in general, which the Investigator considers may affect the outcome of the study
- Diseases: significant history of renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory (including asthma), skin, haematological, endocrine or neurological and autoimmune diseases that may interfere with the aim of the study
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| KSL 40 mgAlso: Ketoprofen lysine saltKetoprofen lysine salt (KLS) immediate release oral tablets 40 mg, corresponding to 25 mg of ketoprofen free acid. Ketoprofen lysine salt was administered according to the randomisation list and the cross-over design. One (1) tablet of test formulation was administered to the subjects in the morning with 240 mL of still mineral water. Afterwards, no fluid intake was permitted for 2 h. All subjects were under fasting conditions from the evening before investigational product administration (i.e. for at least 10 h, overnight). | Drug | Reference - Test (OKi® 80 mg - KSL 40 mg), Test - Reference (KSL 40 mg - OKi® 80 mg) |
| OKi® 80 mgAlso: Ketoprofen lysine saltOKi® 80 mg granules for oral solution (bipartite sachets: each half sachet containing 40 mg of KLS corresponding to 25 mg of ketoprofen free acid). Ketoprofen lysine salt was administered according to the randomisation list and the cross-over design. The content of half sachet of the reference formulation was dissolved in 190 mL of still mineral water. The subject drank the entire solution immediately. Then the glass was rinsed with 50 mL of still mineral water and the subject drank the rinse immediately. Afterwards, no fluid intake was permitted for 2 h. All subjects were under fasting conditions from the evening before investigational product administration (i.e. for at least 10 h, overnight). | Drug | Reference - Test (OKi® 80 mg - KSL 40 mg), Test - Reference (KSL 40 mg - OKi® 80 mg) |
Primary outcome
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: Cmax
Time frame: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 hours post-dose
Cmax = maximum plasma concentration. Cmax a of ketoprofen was calculated from plasma concentrations after single oral dose of test and reference products. Plasma concentrations of ketoprofen were measured in each study period at the timepoints hereunder reported. Arithmetic means + standard deviation are reported hereunder.
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: AUC0-t
Time frame: pre-dose (0), 5, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h post-dose.
AUC0-t = Area under the concentration-time curve from administration to the last observed concentration time t, calculated with the linear trapezoidal method. AUC0-t of ketoprofen was calculated from plasma concentrations after single oral dose of test and reference products. Plasma concentrations of ketoprofen were measured in each study period at the timepoints hereunder specified. Please note that AUC0-t was considered a reliable estimate of the extent of absorption if the ratio AUC0-t/AUC0-∞ equalled or exceeded a factor of 0.8, i.e. if %AUCextra was < 20%. Arithmetic means + standard deviation are reported hereunder.
5 secondary outcomes
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: AUC0-∞
Time frame: pre-dose (0), 5, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h post-dose
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: Tmax
Time frame: pre-dose (0), 5, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h post-dose.
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: T1/2
Time frame: pre-dose (0), 5, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 h post-dose.
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: Frel
Time frame: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 hours post-dose
Number of TEAEs
Time frame: From Day -14 to Day 1 of period 2 (Final visit/ETV), approximately 1 month
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Apr 2024.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Milko Radicioni, MD principal investigator
CROSS Research S.A., Phase I Unit
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1 study testing KSL 40 mg and OKi® 80 mg in people with Pain Disorders, run by Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A at 1 site in Switzerland.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 12 inclusion and 14 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Apr 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Switzerland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 19 Apr 2024). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Ketoprofen Plasma PK Parameters: Cmax (time frame: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 hours post-dose). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Apr 2024; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.