Depressive Disorder, MajorNCT02342366
Characterization of the Prosocial and Prosexual Effects of GHB
A study testing GHB 35 mg/kg p.o. and GHB 20 mg/kg p.o. in people with Depressive Disorder, Major and Bipolar Disorder, run by University of Zurich at 1 site in Switzerland.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to determine whether gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) has prosocial and prosexual effects in healthy male participants, and to characterize these putative effects via behavioral tests, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and neuroendocrine parameters. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 40 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Depressive Disorder, Major, Bipolar Disorder, Autistic Disorder
- What is being tested?
- GHB 35 mg/kg p.o. and GHB 20 mg/kg p.o.
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 19 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSwitzerland
- Study dates
- Feb 2012to Dec 2014
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 40 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Healthy male subjects.
Who cannot join
- Any Axis-I DSM-IV psychiatric disorder, any form of addiction or regular illegal drug use (lifetime use >5 occasions) with exception of occasional cannabis use, a lifetime history of GHB use, a neurological disorder or head injury, clinically relevant medical diseases, a family history of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, and any use of prescription drugs.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Switzerland1 site
Hospital for Psychiatry, University of Zurich
Zurich, 8032
About this study
Official title: Multimodal Characterization of the Prosocial and Prosexual Effects of GHB Assessing Behavior, fMRI, EEG, and Neuroendocrine Mechanisms
The purpose of this study is to determine whether gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) has prosocial and prosexual effects in healthy male participants, and to characterize these putative effects via behavioral tests, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and neuroendocrine parameters. The investigators predict that GHB in fact has prosocial and prosexual effects which can be neurobiologically characterized using the assessed methods. Such effects would be of high interest for the treatment of mental disorders which involve impairments of social interaction and sexual function such as major depression or autism.
Read the detailed description
Introduction
Gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an endogenous short-chain fatty acid and discussed as a neurotransmitter (Bessman and Fishbein, 1963) with high affinity to specific GHB (Benavides et al., 1982; Snead, 2000) and α4βδ-gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors (Absalom et al., 2012) that also binds with lower affinity to GABAB receptors (Engberg and Nissbrandt, 1993). It is internationally used as standard treatment for narcolepsy with cataplexy (Alshaikh et al., 2012), and in some European countries for alcohol withdrawal and craving (Keating, 2014). Additionally, recent randomized controlled studies showed therapeutic effects in fibromyalgia (Spaeth et al., 2013). Anecdotal reports from GHB abusers indicate mood enhancing, prosocial and prosexual effects of the drug (Sumnall et al., 2008), which were not objectively assessed so far. Impaired social decision making is a behavioral finding in depression (Pulcu et al., 2014), that is related to social withdrawal symptoms. Moreover, sexual dysfunction is both a symptom of depression and an adverse effect of most antidepressant medications (Kennedy and Rizvi, 2009), with a deteriorating impact on quality of life measures. Due to its unique pharmacologic effects on sleep, daytime vigilance, pain, and social interaction, GHB was recently proposed as experimental therapeutic for the treatment of depression (Bosch et al., 2012).
Study Aims
- Investigating the putative prosocial effects of GHB in humans B) Investigating the putative prosexual effects of GHB in humans C) Investigating the neuroendocrine mechanisms of putative prosocial and prosexual effects of GHB in humans D) Investigating electrophysiological effects of GHB in decision-making in humans E) Investigating the functional neurobiology of GHB and its putative prosexual effects in humans
Study Design
- The effects of GHB on social cognition, sexual arousal, neuroendocrine parameters, and EEG measures in healthy subjects: GHB (20 mg/kg p.o.) was tested in 16 healthy males, using a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Subjective effects on mood were assessed by visual analogue scales (VAS) and the GHB Specific Questionnaire (GSQ). Prosocial behavior was examined by the Charity Donation Task, the Social Value Orientation test, and the Reciprocity Task. We assessed reaction time and motor performance using the Delayed Matching to Sample and the Reaction Time tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). We assessed social cognition using the Multifaceted Empathy Task (MET) and the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC). We assessed memory using a German version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learing Task. Sexual arousal was assessed using the Sexual Arousal and Desire Inventory (SADI), sexual perception was assessed using a self-designed Sexual Arousal Task (SAT). Furthermore, the investigators assessed GHB effects on brain electrophysiological activity using electroencephalography (EEG) and a flanker task for the assessment of error-related negativity. Blood plasma levels of GHB, oxytocin, testosterone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were determined.
- The effects of GHB on neuronal networks and sexual arousal in healthy subjects - an fMRI study: The investigators performed a characterization of the putative prosexual effects of GHB (35 mg/kg vs. placebo p.o.) in 19 healthy participants. Questionnaires (VAS, SADI, GSQ) were used to assess subjective aspects. Brain reactivity towards erotic vs. neutral pictures of persons, as well as resting state connectivity and arterial spin labelling (ASL) was investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
- Being tested
- GHB 35 mg/kg p.o., GHB 20 mg/kg p.o.
- Keywords
- Sodium Oxybate, Altruism, Neurostreroids, Liquid Ecstasy
- Medical subject headings
- Depressive Disorder, Major, Bipolar Disorder, Autistic Disorder, Altruism
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
GHB 35 mg/kg p.o.Drug
Also called Sodium Oxybate
GHB 35 mg/kg p.o.
GHB 20 mg/kg p.o.Drug
Also called Sodium Oxybate
GHB 20 mg/kg p.o.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Placebo Receives: Drug: GHB 35 mg/kg p.o.; Drug: GHB 20 mg/kg p.o. |
| GHB | Experimental | GHB, Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate, two doses (20 and 35 mg/kg p.o.) Receives: Drug: GHB 35 mg/kg p.o.; Drug: GHB 20 mg/kg p.o. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Sexual Arousal
Changes in sexual arousal after GHB challenge compared to placebo (Sexual Arousal and Desire Inventory [SADI], Sexual Arousal Task [SAT], brain reactivity towards erotic vs. neutral pictures ([fMRI-Task])
Measured: 14 days
Social Cognition and Behavior
Changes in social cognition and behavior after GHB challenge compared to placebo (Charity Donation Task, Social Value Orientation test, Reciprocity Task, Multifaceted Empathy Task [MET], Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition [MASC])
Measured: 14 days
Secondary outcomes (3)
Composite measure of Neuroendocrine Parameters
Testosterone, DHEA, cortisol, aldosterone, ACTH, progesterone, oxytocin plasma levels after GHB challenge compared to placebo
Measured: 14 days
electroencephalography (EEG) activity
EEG activity during a flanker task after GHB challenge compared to placebo
Measured: 14 days
fMRI activity
Brain activity in fMRI after GHB challenge compared to placebo (Picture-Task, Resting State Connectivity, ASL)
Measured: 14 days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Jan 2015 (estimated)
- Study startFeb 2012
- Primary completionNov 2014
- Study completionDec 2014
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (13)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Depressive Disorder, MajorStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of ZurichThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 19 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Zurich
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Regensburg, University of Salerno, University of Vienna, University of Freiburg
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Erich Seifritz, Professor, Principal investigator, University of Zurich
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02342366
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PUK-GHB01
- Status last verified
- Jul 2019
- First submitted
- 14 Jan 2015
- Last updated
- 29 Jul 2019
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Absalom N, Eghorn LF, Villumsen IS, Karim N, Bay T, Olsen JV, Knudsen GM, Brauner-Osborne H, Frolund B, Clausen RP, Chebib M, Wellendorph P. alpha4betadelta GABA(A) receptors are high-affinity targets for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Aug 14;109(33):13404-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1204376109. Epub 2012 Jul 2.
PubMed 22753476Alshaikh MK, Tricco AC, Tashkandi M, Mamdani M, Straus SE, BaHammam AS. Sodium oxybate for narcolepsy with cataplexy: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Sleep Med. 2012 Aug 15;8(4):451-8. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.2048.
PubMed 22893778Benavides J, Rumigny JF, Bourguignon JJ, Cash C, Wermuth CG, Mandel P, Vincendon G, Maitre M. High affinity binding sites for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in rat brain. Life Sci. 1982 Mar 15;30(11):953-61. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(82)90624-5.
PubMed 7070203BESSMAN SP, FISHBEIN WN. GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE, A NORMAL BRAIN METABOLITE. Nature. 1963 Dec 21;200:1207-8. doi: 10.1038/2001207a0. No abstract available.
PubMed 14089913Bosch OG, Quednow BB, Seifritz E, Wetter TC. Reconsidering GHB: orphan drug or new model antidepressant? J Psychopharmacol. 2012 May;26(5):618-28. doi: 10.1177/0269881111421975. Epub 2011 Sep 17.
PubMed 21926421Engberg G, Nissbrandt H. gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHBA) induces pacemaker activity and inhibition of substantia nigra dopamine neurons by activating GABAB-receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1993 Nov;348(5):491-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00173208.
PubMed 8114948Keating GM. Sodium oxybate: a review of its use in alcohol withdrawal syndrome and in the maintenance of abstinence in alcohol dependence. Clin Drug Investig. 2014 Jan;34(1):63-80. doi: 10.1007/s40261-013-0158-x.
PubMed 24307430Kennedy SH, Rizvi S. Sexual dysfunction, depression, and the impact of antidepressants. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009 Apr;29(2):157-64. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e31819c76e9.
PubMed 19512977Pulcu E, Thomas EJ, Trotter PD, McFarquhar M, Juhasz G, Sahakian BJ, Deakin JF, Anderson IM, Zahn R, Elliott R. Social-economical decision making in current and remitted major depression. Psychol Med. 2015 Apr;45(6):1301-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291714002414. Epub 2014 Oct 10.
PubMed 25300570Snead OC 3rd. Evidence for a G protein-coupled gamma-hydroxybutyric acid receptor. J Neurochem. 2000 Nov;75(5):1986-96. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0751986.x.
PubMed 11032888Spaeth M, Alegre C, Perrot S, Wang Y, Guinta DR, Alvarez-Horine S, Russell I; Sodium Oxybate Fibromyalgia Study Group. Long-term tolerability and maintenance of therapeutic response to sodium oxybate in an open-label extension study in patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013 Nov 11;15(6):R185. doi: 10.1186/ar4375.
PubMed 24286114Sumnall HR, Woolfall K, Edwards S, Cole JC, Beynon CM. Use, function, and subjective experiences of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008 Jan 1;92(1-3):286-90. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.07.009. Epub 2007 Sep 4.
PubMed 17766059Dornbierer DA, Boxler M, Voegel CD, Stucky B, Steuer AE, Binz TM, Baumgartner MR, Baur DM, Quednow BB, Kraemer T, Seifritz E, Landolt HP, Bosch OG. Nocturnal Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate Reduces Cortisol-Awakening Response and Morning Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites in Healthy Volunteers. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2019 Oct 1;22(10):631-639. doi: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz047.
PubMed 31504554
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Jul 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Multimodal Characterization of the Prosocial and Prosexual Effects of GHB Assessing Behavior, fMRI, EEG, and Neuroendocrine Mechanisms
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02342366
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PUK-GHB01
- Keywords
- Sodium Oxybate, Altruism, Neurostreroids, Liquid Ecstasy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 19 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of ZurichUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Regensburg, University of Salerno, University of Vienna, University of Freiburg
- Study start
- Feb 2012
- Primary completion
- Nov 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- Dec 2014 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Jan 2015 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) has prosocial and prosexual effects in healthy male participants, and to characterize these putative effects via behavioral tests, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and neuroendocrine parameters. The investigators predict that GHB in fact has prosocial and prosexual effects which can be neurobiologically characterized using the assessed methods. Such effects would be of high interest for the treatment of mental disorders which involve impairments of social interaction and sexual function such as major depression or autism.
Detailed description
Introduction
Gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an endogenous short-chain fatty acid and discussed as a neurotransmitter (Bessman and Fishbein, 1963) with high affinity to specific GHB (Benavides et al., 1982; Snead, 2000) and α4βδ-gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors (Absalom et al., 2012) that also binds with lower affinity to GABAB receptors (Engberg and Nissbrandt, 1993). It is internationally used as standard treatment for narcolepsy with cataplexy (Alshaikh et al., 2012), and in some European countries for alcohol withdrawal and craving (Keating, 2014). Additionally, recent randomized controlled studies showed therapeutic effects in fibromyalgia (Spaeth et al., 2013). Anecdotal reports from GHB abusers indicate mood enhancing, prosocial and prosexual effects of the drug (Sumnall et al., 2008), which were not objectively assessed so far. Impaired social decision making is a behavioral finding in depression (Pulcu et al., 2014), that is related to social withdrawal symptoms. Moreover, sexual dysfunction is both a symptom of depression and an adverse effect of most antidepressant medications (Kennedy and Rizvi, 2009), with a deteriorating impact on quality of life measures. Due to its unique pharmacologic effects on sleep, daytime vigilance, pain, and social interaction, GHB was recently proposed as experimental therapeutic for the treatment of depression (Bosch et al., 2012).
Study Aims
- Investigating the putative prosocial effects of GHB in humans B) Investigating the putative prosexual effects of GHB in humans C) Investigating the neuroendocrine mechanisms of putative prosocial and prosexual effects of GHB in humans D) Investigating electrophysiological effects of GHB in decision-making in humans E) Investigating the functional neurobiology of GHB and its putative prosexual effects in humans
Study Design
- The effects of GHB on social cognition, sexual arousal, neuroendocrine parameters, and EEG measures in healthy subjects: GHB (20 mg/kg p.o.) was tested in 16 healthy males, using a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Subjective effects on mood were assessed by visual analogue scales (VAS) and the GHB Specific Questionnaire (GSQ). Prosocial behavior was examined by the Charity Donation Task, the Social Value Orientation test, and the Reciprocity Task. We assessed reaction time and motor performance using the Delayed Matching to Sample and the Reaction Time tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). We assessed social cognition using the Multifaceted Empathy Task (MET) and the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC). We assessed memory using a German version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learing Task. Sexual arousal was assessed using the Sexual Arousal and Desire Inventory (SADI), sexual perception was assessed using a self-designed Sexual Arousal Task (SAT). Furthermore, the investigators assessed GHB effects on brain electrophysiological activity using electroencephalography (EEG) and a flanker task for the assessment of error-related negativity. Blood plasma levels of GHB, oxytocin, testosterone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were determined.
- The effects of GHB on neuronal networks and sexual arousal in healthy subjects - an fMRI study: The investigators performed a characterization of the putative prosexual effects of GHB (35 mg/kg vs. placebo p.o.) in 19 healthy participants. Questionnaires (VAS, SADI, GSQ) were used to assess subjective aspects. Brain reactivity towards erotic vs. neutral pictures of persons, as well as resting state connectivity and arterial spin labelling (ASL) was investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Drug: GHB 35 mg/kg p.o., Drug: GHB 20 mg/kg p.o.Placebo |
| GHB | Experimental | Drug: GHB 35 mg/kg p.o., Drug: GHB 20 mg/kg p.o.GHB, Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate, two doses (20 and 35 mg/kg p.o.) |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 40 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Healthy male subjects.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Any Axis-I DSM-IV psychiatric disorder, any form of addiction or regular illegal drug use (lifetime use >5 occasions) with exception of occasional cannabis use, a lifetime history of GHB use, a neurological disorder or head injury, clinically relevant medical diseases, a family history of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, and any use of prescription drugs.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| GHB 35 mg/kg p.o.Also: Sodium OxybateGHB 35 mg/kg p.o. | Drug | GHB, Placebo |
| GHB 20 mg/kg p.o.Also: Sodium OxybateGHB 20 mg/kg p.o. | Drug | GHB, Placebo |
Primary outcome
Sexual Arousal
Time frame: 14 days
Changes in sexual arousal after GHB challenge compared to placebo (Sexual Arousal and Desire Inventory [SADI], Sexual Arousal Task [SAT], brain reactivity towards erotic vs. neutral pictures ([fMRI-Task])
Social Cognition and Behavior
Time frame: 14 days
Changes in social cognition and behavior after GHB challenge compared to placebo (Charity Donation Task, Social Value Orientation test, Reciprocity Task, Multifaceted Empathy Task [MET], Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition [MASC])
3 secondary outcomes
Composite measure of Neuroendocrine Parameters
Time frame: 14 days
electroencephalography (EEG) activity
Time frame: 14 days
fMRI activity
Time frame: 14 days
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Jul 2019.
- Background: PubMed 22753476Absalom N, Eghorn LF, Villumsen IS, Karim N, Bay T, Olsen JV, Knudsen GM, Brauner-Osborne H, Frolund B, Clausen RP, Chebib M, Wellendorph P. alpha4betadelta GABA(A) receptors are high-affinity targets for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Aug 14;109(33):13404-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1204376109. Epub 2012 Jul 2.
- Background: PubMed 22893778Alshaikh MK, Tricco AC, Tashkandi M, Mamdani M, Straus SE, BaHammam AS. Sodium oxybate for narcolepsy with cataplexy: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Sleep Med. 2012 Aug 15;8(4):451-8. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.2048.
- Background: PubMed 7070203Benavides J, Rumigny JF, Bourguignon JJ, Cash C, Wermuth CG, Mandel P, Vincendon G, Maitre M. High affinity binding sites for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in rat brain. Life Sci. 1982 Mar 15;30(11):953-61. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(82)90624-5.
- Background: PubMed 14089913BESSMAN SP, FISHBEIN WN. GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE, A NORMAL BRAIN METABOLITE. Nature. 1963 Dec 21;200:1207-8. doi: 10.1038/2001207a0. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 21926421Bosch OG, Quednow BB, Seifritz E, Wetter TC. Reconsidering GHB: orphan drug or new model antidepressant? J Psychopharmacol. 2012 May;26(5):618-28. doi: 10.1177/0269881111421975. Epub 2011 Sep 17.
- Background: PubMed 8114948Engberg G, Nissbrandt H. gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHBA) induces pacemaker activity and inhibition of substantia nigra dopamine neurons by activating GABAB-receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1993 Nov;348(5):491-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00173208.
- Background: PubMed 24307430Keating GM. Sodium oxybate: a review of its use in alcohol withdrawal syndrome and in the maintenance of abstinence in alcohol dependence. Clin Drug Investig. 2014 Jan;34(1):63-80. doi: 10.1007/s40261-013-0158-x.
- Background: PubMed 19512977Kennedy SH, Rizvi S. Sexual dysfunction, depression, and the impact of antidepressants. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009 Apr;29(2):157-64. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e31819c76e9.
- Background: PubMed 25300570Pulcu E, Thomas EJ, Trotter PD, McFarquhar M, Juhasz G, Sahakian BJ, Deakin JF, Anderson IM, Zahn R, Elliott R. Social-economical decision making in current and remitted major depression. Psychol Med. 2015 Apr;45(6):1301-13. doi: 10.1017/S0033291714002414. Epub 2014 Oct 10.
- Background: PubMed 11032888Snead OC 3rd. Evidence for a G protein-coupled gamma-hydroxybutyric acid receptor. J Neurochem. 2000 Nov;75(5):1986-96. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0751986.x.
- Background: PubMed 24286114Spaeth M, Alegre C, Perrot S, Wang Y, Guinta DR, Alvarez-Horine S, Russell I; Sodium Oxybate Fibromyalgia Study Group. Long-term tolerability and maintenance of therapeutic response to sodium oxybate in an open-label extension study in patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013 Nov 11;15(6):R185. doi: 10.1186/ar4375.
- Background: PubMed 17766059Sumnall HR, Woolfall K, Edwards S, Cole JC, Beynon CM. Use, function, and subjective experiences of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008 Jan 1;92(1-3):286-90. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.07.009. Epub 2007 Sep 4.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Erich Seifritz, Professor principal investigator
University of Zurich
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing GHB 35 mg/kg p.o. and GHB 20 mg/kg p.o. in people with Depressive Disorder, Major and Bipolar Disorder, run by University of Zurich at 1 site in Switzerland.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Jul 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Switzerland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Sexual Arousal (time frame: 14 days). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02342366, which also lists 13 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Jul 2019.