MelanomaPhase 1/2NCT02332668
A Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Pediatric Participants With an Advanced Solid Tumor or Lymphoma (MK-3475-051/KEYNOTE-051)
A Phase 1/2 study testing Pembrolizumab in people with Melanoma and Lymphoma, run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC at 16 sites in 10 countries.
Trial summary
Researchers are looking for new ways to treat children with different types of melanoma (skin cancer), solid tumors, and lymphomas (blood cancers) that are any of these: Advanced, which means cancer spread in the body or cannot be removed with surgery Relapsed, which means cancer has come back after it had responded… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 6 months to 17 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Melanoma, Lymphoma, Solid Tumor
- What is being tested?
- Pembrolizumab
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 370 participants
- Where
- 16 sitesin 10 countries
- Study dates
- 19 Mar 2015to 2 Feb 2028
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 6 months to 17 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Between 6 months and <18 years of age on day of signing informed consent is documented.
- Histologically- or cytologically-documented, locally-advanced, or metastatic solid malignancy or lymphoma that is incurable and has failed prior standard therapy, or for which no standard therapy exists, or for which no standard therapy is considered appropriate
- Any number of prior treatment regimens
- Tissue (or lymph node biopsy for rrcHL participants) available from an archival tissue sample or, if appropriate, a newly obtained core or excisional biopsy of a tumor lesion not previously irradiated
- Advanced melanoma or PD-L1-positive advanced, relapsed, or refractory solid tumor or lymphoma
- Measurable disease based on RECIST 1.1 (Or based on IWG [Cheson, 2007] [i.e., measurement must be >15 mm in longest diameter or >10 mm in short axis] for rrcHL participants)
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- Participants with neuroblastoma with only metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG)-positive evaluable disease may be enrolled
- Lansky Play Scale ≥50 for participants from 6 months up to and including 16 years of age; or Karnofsky score ≥50 for participants >16 years of age
- Adequate organ function
- Female participants of childbearing potential should have a negative urine or serum pregnancy test within 72 hours before the first dose of study medication
- Female participant is not a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP) or is a WOCBP who is abstinent from heterosexual intercourse or using contraception during the intervention period and for at least 120 days after the last dose of study intervention
- Contraceptive use by men should be consistent with local regulations regarding the methods of contraception for those participating in clinical studies.
- Demonstrate adequate organ function.
Who cannot join
- Currently participating and receiving study therapy in, or has participated in a study of an investigational agent and received study therapy or used an investigational device within 4 weeks of the date of allocation/randomization
- Diagnosis of immunodeficiency or receiving systemic steroid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to the date of allocation/randomization
- Prior systemic anti-cancer therapy including investigational agent within 2 weeks prior to study Day 1 or not recovered from adverse events due to a previously administered agent
- Prior radiotherapy within 2 weeks of start of study treatment
- Known additional malignancy that is progressing or requires active treatment with the exception of basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or carcinoma in situ (eg, breast carcinoma, cervical carcinoma in situ) with potentially curative therapy, or in situ cervical cancer
- Known active central nervous system (CNS) metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis
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- Tumor(s) involving the brain stem
- Severe hypersensitivity (≥ Grade 3) to pembrolizumab and/or any of its excipients
- Active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in past 2 years; replacement therapy (such as thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency) is acceptable
- Has a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids or current pneumonitis.
- Active infection requiring systemic therapy
- Pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the trial through 120 days after the last dose of study medication
- Prior therapy with an anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1, anti-PD-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1), anti-PD-L2 agent, or any agent directed to another stimulatory or inhibitory T-cell receptor (eg, cytotoxic lymphocyte associated protein-4 [CTLA-4], OX-40, CD137)
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- Hepatitis B or C
- Known history of active tuberculosis (TB; Bacillus tuberculosis)
- Received a live vaccine within 30 days of planned start of study medication
- Has undergone solid organ transplant at any time, or prior allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation within the last 5 years. (Participants who have had an allogeneic hematopoietic transplant >5 years ago are eligible as long as there are no symptoms of Graft Versus Host Disease [GVHD].)
- History or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality, or known severe hypersensitivity to any component or analog of the trial treatment, that might confound the results of the trial, or interfere with the participant's participation for the full duration of the study
- Known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with the requirements of the study
Trial locations and contacts
16 sites in 10 countries. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
16 sites in 10 countries
United States7 sites, 7 recruiting
- Recruiting
Call for Information (Investigational Site 0019)
Aurora, Colorado, 80045
- Recruiting
Call for Information (Investigational Site 0026)
Boston, Massachusetts, 02445
- Recruiting
Call for Information (Investigational Site 0024)
Chicago, Illinois, 60637
- Recruiting
Call for Information (Investigational Site 0054)
Dallas, Texas, 75235
- Recruiting
Call for Information (Investigational Site 0070)
Fargo, North Dakota, 58102
- Recruiting
Call for Information (Investigational Site 0031)
New York, New York, 10032
- Recruiting
Call for Information (Investigational Site 0071)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57117
Brazil1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
MSD Brasil
São Paulo
MSD Online, 0800 012 22 32
France1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
MSD France
Paris
Dominique Blazy, 33 147548990
Germany1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH
München
German Medical Information Center, 49 800 673 673 673
Israel1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Merck Sharp & Dohme Co. Ltd.
Hod HaSharon
Gally Teper, 972-9-9533310
Italy1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
MSD Italia S.r.l.
Rome
Barbara Capaccetti, 39 06361911
Portugal1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Merck Sharp & Dohme Lda.
Paço de Arcos
Paula Martins de Jesus, 00351-214465803
South Korea1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
MSD Korea LTD
Seoul, 4130
Jongho Ahn, 82-2-331-2000 2015
Sweden1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
MSD Sweden
Stockholm
Tryggve Ljung, 46 (0)70 545 28 66
United Kingdom1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Merck Sharp & Dohme Ltd.
London
Natalie White, 44 (0) 208 154 8000
About this study
Official title: A Phase I/II Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Children With Advanced Melanoma or a PD-L1 Positive Advanced, Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumor or Lymphoma (KEYNOTE-051)
Researchers are looking for new ways to treat children with different types of melanoma (skin cancer), solid tumors, and lymphomas (blood cancers) that are any of these:
- Advanced, which means cancer spread in the body or cannot be removed with surgery
- Relapsed, which means cancer has come back after it had responded to previous treatment (responded means it stopped growing, gets smaller, or disappeared)
- Refractory, which means cancer did not respond to previous treatment
Read more
Pembrolizumab is an immunotherapy, which is a treatment that helps the immune system fight cancer. Researchers want to learn if different doses of pembrolizumab can cause at least 1 of the types of cancer to get smaller or go away.
With Amendment 8, enrollment of participants with solid tumors and participants 6 months to under 12 years old with melanoma were closed.
With Amendment 13, enrollment was closed for participants with relapsed refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (rrCHL), microsatellite instabilty-high (MSI-H) solid tumors, tumor-mutational burden-high (TMB-H) solid tumors, and participants 12 years old to <18 years old with advanced melanoma.
- Conditions
- Melanoma, Lymphoma, Solid Tumor, Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma, Microsatellite-instability-high Solid Tumor
- Being tested
- Pembrolizumab
- Keywords
- PD1, PD-1, PDL1, PD-L1, cHL, MSI-H
- Medical subject headings
- Melanoma, Lymphoma
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
PembrolizumabBiological
Also called MK-3475
IV infusion
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Melanoma | Experimental | Participants aged 6 months to <18 years with melanoma receive pembrolizumab, starting dose 2 mg/kg (maximum dose 200 mg), intravenously (IV) once every 3 weeks (Q3W). Enrollment of participants aged 6 months to <12 years with melanoma was closed with Amendment 8. Enrollment of participants aged ≥12 years to ≤18 years with melanoma closed with Amendment 13. Receives: Biological: Pembrolizumab |
| Solid Tumors and Other Lymphomas | Experimental | Participants aged 6 months to <18 years with solid tumors and other lymphomas receive pembrolizumab, starting dose 2 mg/kg (maximum dose 200 mg), IV Q3W. Initial enrollment limited to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive participants. PD-L1-negative participants may enroll if responses are observed. Enrollment of participants with solid tumors and other lymphomas was closed with Amendment 8. Receives: Biological: Pembrolizumab |
| Relapsed Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (rrcHL) | Experimental | Participants aged 3 years to <18 years with rrcHL receive pembrolizumab, starting dose 2 mg/kg (maximum dose 200 mg), IV Q3W. Enrollment of participants with rrcHL was closed with Amendment 13. Receives: Biological: Pembrolizumab |
| Microsatellite Instability-High (MSI-H) | Experimental | Participants aged 6 months to <18 years with MSI-H solid tumors receive pembrolizumab, starting dose 2 mg/kg (maximum dose 200 mg), IV Q3W. Enrollment of participants with MSI-H solid tumors was closed with Amendment 13. Receives: Biological: Pembrolizumab |
| Tumor Mutational Burden-High (TMB-H) | Experimental | Participants aged 6 months to <18 years with TMB-H ≥10 mutation/Mb solid tumors receive pembrolizumab, starting dose 2 mg/kg (maximum dose 200 mg), IV Q3W. Enrollment of participants with TMB-H solid tumors was closed with Amendment 13. Receives: Biological: Pembrolizumab |
| Adjuvant Melanoma | Experimental | Participants aged 12 years to <18 years with resected high-risk Stage IIB, IIC, III, or IV melanoma receive pembrolizumab, starting dose 2 mg/kg (maximum dose 200 mg), intravenously (IV) once every 3 weeks (Q3W). Receives: Biological: Pembrolizumab |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Objective Response Rate (ORR) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors and Other Lymphoma Version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1) per Site Assessment (Each Disease Indication Evaluated Separately)
The ORR is assessed by RECIST 1.1 per site assessment. The ORR is defined as the percentage of participants who have a response (complete response, CR or partial response, PR) prior to disease progression. Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. Partial Response (PR): At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters.
Measured: Up to 2 years
ORR by RECIST 1.1 per Site Assessment for MSI-H or TMBH Solid Tumors (Each Cohort Evaluated Separately)
The ORR is assessed by RECIST 1.1 per site assessment. The ORR is defined as the percentage of participants who have a response (complete response, CR or partial response, PR) prior to disease progression. Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. Partial Response (PR): At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters.
Measured: Up to 2 years
ORR by International Working Group (IWG) Response Criteria (Cheson, 2007) per Blinded Independent Central Review (BICR) Assessment for rrcHL Cohort
The ORR is assessed by blinded independent central review utilizing the International Working Group [IWG] response assessment criteria per Cheson 2007 by BICR. The ORR is defined as the percentage of participants who have a response (complete response, CR or partial response, PR) prior to disease progression. CR is the disappearance of all evidence of disease and PR is the regression of measurable disease and no new sites. Participants with missing data are considered non-responders.
Measured: Up to approximately 2 years
Number of Participants with Dose-Limiting Toxicities (DLTs)
Number of participants experiencing toxicities that are possibly, probably, or definitely related to study therapy; that meet pre-defined severity criteria; and result in a change in the given dose.
Measured: Cycle 1 (Up to 21 days)
Number of Participants Experiencing Adverse Events (AEs)
An adverse event (AE) is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study.
Measured: Up to 27 months
Number of Participants Discontinuing Study Drug Due to AEs
An adverse event (AE) is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study.
Measured: Up to 2 years
Secondary outcomes (18)
ORR by IWG Response Criteria (Cheson, 2007) per Site Assessment (rrcHL Cohort)
The ORR is assessed by blinded independent central review utilizing the International Working Group [IWG] response assessment criteria per Cheson 2007 by site assessment. The ORR is defined as the percentage of participants who had a response (complete response, CR or partial response, PR) prior to disease progression. CR is the disappearance of all evidence of disease and PR is the regression of measurable disease and no new sites. Participants with missing data are considered non-responders.
Measured: Up to 2 years
DOR per RECIST 1.1 by Site Assessment (Advanced Melanoma, Solid Tumors and Other Lymphoma, Each Disease Indication Is Evaluated Separately)
The duration of overall response is assessed by RECIST 1.1 by site evaluation. The duration of overall response is measured from the time measurement criteria are first met for CR/PR (whichever is first recorded) until the first date that recurrent or progressive disease is objectively documented (taking as reference for progressive disease the smallest measurements recorded on study).
Measured: Up to approximately 2 years
DOR per RECIST 1.1 by Site Assessment (MSI-H and TMB-H, Each Cohort Is Evaluated Separately)
The duration of overall response is assessed by RECIST 1.1 by site evaluation. The duration of overall response is measured from the time measurement criteria are first met for CR/PR (whichever is first recorded) until the first date that recurrent or progressive disease is objectively documented (taking as reference for progressive disease the smallest measurements recorded on study).
Measured: Up to approximately 2 years
DOR per IWG 2007 (Cheson, 2007) Response by BICR Assessment (rrcHL Cohort)
The duration of overall response is measured from the time measurement criteria are first met for CR/PR (whichever is first recorded) until the first date that recurrent or progressive disease is objectively documented (taking as reference for progressive disease the smallest measurements recorded on study).
Measured: Up to approximately 2 years
DOR per IWG 2007 (Cheson, 2007) Response by Site Assessment (rrcHL Cohort)
The duration of overall response is measured from the time measurement criteria are first met for CR/PR (whichever is first recorded) until the first date that recurrent or progressive disease is objectively documented (taking as reference for progressive disease the smallest measurements recorded on study).
Measured: Up to approximately 2 years
DOR per Immune-related Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (irRECIST) by Site Assessment (Solid Tumors and Other Lymphoma, Each Disease Indication Evaluated Separately)
The duration of overall response is measured from the time measurement criteria are first met for CR/PR (whichever is first recorded) until the first date that recurrent or progressive disease is objectively documented (taking as reference for progressive disease the smallest measurements recorded on study).
Measured: Up to approximately 2 years
DOR per irRECIST by Site Assessment (MSI-H and TMB-H, Each Cohort Is Evaluated Separately)
The duration of overall response is measured from the time measurement criteria are first met for CR/PR (whichever is first recorded) until the first date that recurrent or progressive disease is objectively documented (taking as reference for progressive disease the smallest measurements recorded on study).
Measured: Up to approximately 2 years
Progression-free Survival (PFS) Using RECIST 1.1 Criteria by Site Assessment (Solid Tumors and Other Lymphoma, Each Disease Indication Evaluated Separately)
Progression free survival is defined as the time from randomization to the first documented disease progression, or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first. PFS is assessed by using RECIST 1.1 criteria by site assessment. Median PFS will be calculated from the product-limit (Kaplan-Meier) method for censored data.
Measured: Up to approximately 2 years
PFS using RECIST 1.1 Criteria by Site Assessment (MSI-H and TMB-H, Each Cohort Evaluated Separately)
Progression free survival is defined as the time from randomization to the first documented disease progression, or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first. PFS is assessed by using RECIST 1.1 criteria by site assessment. Median PFS will be calculated from the product-limit (Kaplan-Meier) method for censored data.
Measured: Up to approximately 2 years
PFS using IWG 2007 Criteria (Chesson 2007) by BICR Assessment (rrcHL Cohort)
Progression free survival is defined as the time from randomization to the first documented disease progression, or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first. PFS is assessed by using IWG 2007 criteria (Chesson, 2007) by BICR assessment (rrcHL Cohort). Median PFS will be calculated from the product-limit (Kaplan-Meier) method for censored data.
Measured: Up to approximately 2 years
PFS using IWG 2007 Criteria (Chesson, 2007) by Site Assessment (rrcHL Cohort)
Progression free survival is defined as the time from randomization to the first documented disease progression, or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first. PFS is assessed by using IWG 2007 criteria (Chesson, 2007) by site assessment. Median PFS will be calculated from the product-limit (Kaplan-Meier) method for censored data.
Measured: Up to approximately 2 years
PFS Using irRECIST Criteria by Site Assessment
Progression free survival is defined as the time from randomization to the first documented disease progression, or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first. PFS is assessed by using irRECIST criteria by site assessment. Median PFS will be calculated from the product-limit (Kaplan-Meier) method for censored data.
Measured: Up to approximately 2 years
Disease Control Rate by RECIST 1.1 Using Site Assessment (Solid Tumors and Other Lymphoma, Each Disease Indication Evaluated Separately)
Disease Control Rate is defined as the percentage of participants with a response of CR, PR, or SD. Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. Partial Response (PR): At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. Stable Disease is neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for progressive disease (PD), taking as reference the smallest sum diameters while on study. Progressive Disease is least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. (Note: the appearance of one or more new lesions is also considered progression).
Measured: Up to approximately 2 years
Disease Control Rate by RECIST 1.1 Using Site Assessment (MSI-H and TMB-H, Each Cohort Evaluated Separately)
Disease Control Rate is defined as the percentage of participants with a response of CR, PR, or SD. Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. Partial Response (PR): At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. Stable Disease is neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for progressive disease (PD), taking as reference the smallest sum diameters while on study. Progressive Disease is least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. (Note: the appearance of one or more new lesions is also considered progression).
Measured: Up to approximately 2 years
Disease Control Rate by irRECIST Using Site Assessment (Solid Tumors and Other Lymphomas, Each Disease Indication Evaluated Separately)
Disease Control Rate is defined as the percentage of participants with a response of CR, PR, or SD. Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. Partial Response (PR): At least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. Stable Disease is neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for progressive disease (PD), taking as reference the smallest sum diameters while on study. Progressive Disease is least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. (Note: the appearance of one or more new lesions is also considered progression).
Measured: Up to approximately 2 years
Overall Survival
Overall survival is defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause. Participants without documented death at the time of the final analysis will be censored at the date of the last follow-up. Median overall survival will be calculated from the product-limit (Kaplan-Meier) method for censored data.
Measured: Up to approximately 2 years
Objective irRECIST Response Rate by Site Assessment (Each Disease Indication Evaluated Separately)
The ORR is assessed by irRECIST per site assessment.
Measured: Up to approximately 2 years
Area Under the Concentration Curve (AUC) for Pembrolizumab
The AUC of pembrolizumab when administered as monotherapy will be determined.
Measured: Predose Cycles 1, 2, 4, 8 and every 4 cycles thereafter, and within 30 minutes post infusion at Cycles 1 and 8. Additional single pharmacokinetic samples obtained in Cycle 1 between 72 to 168 hours post-dose, and Cycle 1 at 336 hours post-dose
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Jan 2015 (estimated)
- Study start19 Mar 2015
- Primary completion2 Feb 2028 (estimated)
- Study completion2 Feb 2028 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for MelanomaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLCThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 370 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Medical Director, Study director, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02332668
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 3475-051
- Other IDs
- MK-3475-051, 2022-501257-36-00, U1111-1275-9516, 2014-002950-38, 2014
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 6 Jan 2015
- Last updated
- 6 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: https://trialstransparency.msdclinicaltrials.com/pdf/ProcedureAccessClinicalTrialData.pdf
Publications
Geoerger B, Kang HJ, Yalon-Oren M, Marshall LV, Vezina C, Pappo A, Laetsch TW, Petrilli AS, Ebinger M, Toporski J, Glade-Bender J, Nicholls W, Fox E, DuBois SG, Macy ME, Cohn SL, Pathiraja K, Diede SJ, Ebbinghaus S, Pinto N. Pembrolizumab in paediatric patients with advanced melanoma or a PD-L1-positive, advanced, relapsed, or refractory solid tumour or lymphoma (KEYNOTE-051): interim analysis of an open-label, single-arm, phase 1-2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020 Jan;21(1):121-133. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30671-0. Epub 2019 Dec 4.
PubMed 31812554