Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1Phase 3NCT02269917
Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) Regimen Versus Boosted Protease Inhibitor (bPI) Along With Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (FTC/TDF) Regimen in Virologically-Suppressed, HIV-1 Infected Participants
A Phase 3 study testing D/C/F/TAF, Boosted Protease Inhibitor (bPI) and FTC/TDF in people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, run by Janssen R&D Ireland at 79 sites in 10 countries.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate non-inferiority in efficacy while switching to a once-daily single-tablet regimen containing darunavir (DRV)/ cobicistat (COBI)/ emtricitabine (FTC)/ tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) (D/C/F/TAF tablet) relative to continuing the current regimen consisting of a boosted protease… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
- What is being tested?
- D/C/F/TAF, Boosted Protease Inhibitor (bPI) and FTC/TDF
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 1,149 participants
- Where
- 79 sitesin 10 countries
- Study dates
- Mar 2015to Oct 2020
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Currently being treated with a stable antiretroviral (ARV) regimen consisting of a boosted protease inhibitor (limited to darunavir [DRV] or atazanavir with low-dose ritonavir [rtv] or cobicistat [COBI], or lopinavir with rtv) combined with emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) only, for at least 6 consecutive months preceding the Screening visit
- On-treatment plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ribonucleic acid (HIV-1 RNA) concentrations less than (<) 50 copies per milliliter (copies/mL) or HIV-1 RNA undetectable by a local HIV-1 RNA test between 12 and 2 months prior to the Screening visit and have HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL at the Screening visit
- A single virologic elevation of greater than or equal to (>=) 50 copies/mL after previously reaching viral suppression between 12 and 2 months prior to Screening is acceptable, provided a subsequent test prior to Screening was <50 copies/mL
- Absence of history of failure on DRV treatment and absence of DRV resistance-associated mutations (RAMs), if documented historical genotypes are available
- Normal electrocardiogram (ECG) at Screening (or if abnormal, determined by the Investigator to be not clinically significant)
Who cannot join
- A new acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - defining condition diagnosed within the 30 days prior to Screening
- Proven or suspected acute hepatitis within 30 days prior to study entry
- Hepatitis C antibody positive; however, participants previously cured of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, with documented sustained virologic response, that is, undetectable HCV RNA 24 weeks after the last dose of HCV treatment, are allowed to participate
- Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive
- Participants with cirrhosis as diagnosed based on local practices
Trial locations and contacts
79 sites in 10 countries.
79 sites in 10 countries
United States38 sites
Study site
Atlanta, Georgia
Study site
Austin, Texas
Study site
Bakersfield, California
Study site
Berkley, Michigan
Study site
Beverly Hills, California
Study site
Boston, Massachusetts
Study site
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Study site
Chicago, Illinois
Study site
Cincinnati, Ohio
Study site
Dallas, Texas
Study site
Detroit, Michigan
Study site
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Study site
Fort Worth, Texas
Study site
Ft. Pierce, Florida
Study site
Hillsborough, New Jersey
Study site
Houston, Texas
Study site
Kansas City, Missouri
Study site
Long Beach, California
Study site
Longview, Texas
Study site
Los Angeles, California
Study site
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Study site
New York, New York
Study site
Newark, New Jersey
Study site
Orlando, Florida
Study site
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Study site
Phoenix, Arizona
Study site
Providence, Rhode Island
Study site
San Diego, California
Study site
San Francisco, California
Study site
Santa Fe, New Mexico
Study site
Savannah, Georgia
Study site
Seattle, Washington
Study site
Somers Point, New Jersey
Study site
Springfield, Massachusetts
Study site
St Louis, Missouri
Study site
Washington D.C., District of Columbia
Study site
West Palm Beach, Florida
Study site
Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Spain9 sites
Study site
Alicante
Study site
Badalona
Study site
Barcelona
Study site
Córdoba
Study site
Donostia / San Sebastian
Study site
Elche
Study site
Madrid
Study site
Seville
Study site
Valencia
France8 sites
Study site
Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
Study site
Lyon
Study site
Marseille
Study site
Montpellier
Study site
Nantes
Study site
Paris
Study site
Strasbourg
Study site
Tourcoing
Belgium5 sites
Study site
Antwerp
Study site
Brussels
Study site
Ghent
Study site
Leuven
Study site
Liège
Poland5 sites
Study site
Bydgoszcz
Study site
Chorzów
Study site
Lodz
Study site
Warsaw
Study site
Wroclaw
Canada4 sites
Study site
Edmonton, Alberta
Study site
Montreal, Quebec
Study site
Toronto, Ontario
Study site
Vancouver, British Columbia
United Kingdom3 sites
Study site
Brighton
Study site
London
Study site
Manchester
About this study
Official title: A Phase 3, Randomized, Active-controlled, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Switching to a Darunavir/ Cobicistat/ Emtricitabine/ Tenofovir Alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) Once-daily Single-tablet Regimen Versus Continuing the Current Regimen Consisting of a Boosted Protease Inhibitor (bPI) Combined With Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (FTC/TDF) in Virologically-suppressed, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infected Subjects
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate non-inferiority in efficacy while switching to a once-daily single-tablet regimen containing darunavir (DRV)/ cobicistat (COBI)/ emtricitabine (FTC)/ tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) (D/C/F/TAF tablet) relative to continuing the current regimen consisting of a boosted protease inhibitor (bPI) combined with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) in virologically-suppressed (human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ribonucleic acid [HIV-1 RNA] concentrations less than [<] 50 copies per milliliter [copies/mL]) HIV-1 infected participants.
Read the detailed description
This is a randomized (study medication assigned to participants by chance), active-controlled (study in which the experimental treatment or procedure is compared to a standard treatment or procedure), open-label (participants and researchers are aware about the treatment, participants are receiving), multicenter (when more than 1 hospital or medical school team work on a medical research study), study in virologically-suppressed, HIV-1 infected adult participants. The study will include a Screening Period of approximately 30 days (up to maximum 6 weeks), a controlled Treatment Period of 48 weeks, an Extension Phase of 48 weeks. All eligible participants will be randomly assigned to receive either current treatment regimen - a bPI (limited to DRV with low-dose ritonavir [rtv] or COBI, atazanavir [ATV] with rtv or COBI, or lopinavir [LPV] with rtv) combined with FTC/TDF, or experimental treatment regimen - D/C/F/TAF once-daily single-tablet for 48 weeks. After completion of week 48, participants assigned to the experimental treatment will continue with D/C/F/TAF in the extension phase up to week 96 . Participants who continued their current regimen will receive the experimental treatment (if all criteria are fulfilled) at week 52 up to week 96. As from Week 96, all participants will be given the option to continue D/C/F/TAF treatment, if they wish and if they continue to benefit from it until D/C/F/TAF becomes commercially available and is reimbursed, or can be accessed through another source in the country where he/she is living,or until the sponsor terminates clinical development. A bone investigation substudy will be performed at selected study sites, to assess bone biomarkers and energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, in approximately 300 participants (200 in the D/C/F/TAF treatment arm versus 100 in the control arm) who provide informed consent for the substudy.
- Conditions
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
- Being tested
- D/C/F/TAF, Boosted Protease Inhibitor (bPI), FTC/TDF
- Keywords
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Emerald, Darunavir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide
- Medical subject headings
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
D/C/F/TAFDrug
Once-daily single-tablet regimen containing darunavir (DRV) 800 milligram (mg)/ cobicistat (COBI) 150 mg/ emtricitabine (FTC) 200 mg/ tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) 10 mg.
Boosted Protease Inhibitor (bPI)Drug
Boosted protease inhibitor (limited to darunavir [DRV] or atazanavir with low-dose ritonavir [rtv] or cobicistat [COBI], or lopinavir with rtv) as per current treatment regimen.
FTC/TDFDrug
Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Treatment Regimen | Experimental | Participants will receive a single fixed dose combination (FDC) tablet containing darunavir (DRV) 800 milligram (mg)/ cobicistat (COBI) 150 mg/ emtricitabine (FTC) 200 mg/ tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) 10 mg (D/C/F/TAF tablet), orally once daily, up to Week 48. After Week 48, all participants will continue to receive the D/C/F/TAF tablet in a 48 week extension phase (up to Week 96). Receives: Drug: D/C/F/TAF |
| Current Treatment Regimen | Active comparator | Participants will receive a boosted protease inhibitor (bPI) (limited to darunavir [DRV] or atazanavir with low-dose ritonavir [rtv] or cobicistat [COBI], or lopinavir with rtv) combined with emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) up to Week 52. After Week 52, all participants will receive the D/C/F/TAF tablet in a 44 week extension phase (up to Week 96). Receives: Drug: Boosted Protease Inhibitor (bPI); Drug: FTC/TDF |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Rebound (HIV-1 RNA >=50 Copies/mL) Cumulative Through Week 48
Virologic rebound was defined as: confirmed plasma human immunodeficiency virus - 1 (HIV-1) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) level greater than or equal to (>=)50 copies per milliliter (copies/mL) up to, and including the upper bound of the Week 48 window (ie, 54 weeks) and last available on-treatment (single) HIV-1 RNA >=50 copies/mL at premature discontinuation (irrespective of reason). Percentage of participants with virologic rebound were reported.
Measured: Through Week 48
Secondary outcomes (56)
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Rebound (Plasma HIV-1 RNA >=20 Copies/mL) Cumulative Through 48 Weeks
Virologic rebound was defined as: confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA >=20 copies/mL up to, and including the upper bound of the Week 48 window (ie, 54 weeks) and last available on-treatment (single) HIV-1 RNA >=20 copies/mL at premature discontinuation (irrespective of reason). Percentage of participants with virologic rebound were reported.
Measured: Through 48 Weeks
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Rebound (Plasma HIV-1 RNA >=200 Copies/mL) Cumulative Through 48 Weeks
Virologic rebound was defined as: confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA >=200 copies/mL up to, and including the upper bound of the Week 48 window (ie, 54 weeks) and last available on-treatment (single) HIV-1 RNA >=200 copies/mL at premature discontinuation (irrespective of reason). Percentage of participants with virologic rebound were reported.
Measured: Through 48 Weeks
Percentage of Participants With Non-Virologic Rebound at Week 48 by Kaplan-Meier Estimates
Virologic rebound was defined as: confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA >=50 copies/mL up to, and including the upper bound of the Week 48 window (ie, 54 weeks) and last available on-treatment (single) HIV-1 RNA >=50 copies/mL at premature discontinuation (irrespective of reason). Here Kaplan-Meier estimates percentage of participants with non-virologic rebound at week 48.
Measured: Baseline up to Week 48
Percentage of Participants Experiencing Grade 3 and 4 Adverse Events (AEs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), and Premature Discontinuation Due to AEs Through Week 48
An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. Grade 3 (Severe) events were symptoms causing inability to perform usual social \& functional activities. Grade 4 (Life-threatening) events were symptoms causing inability to perform basic self-care functions or medical or operative intervention indicated to prevent permanent impairment, persistent disability, or death.
Measured: Up to Week 48
Change From Baseline in Serum Creatinine Levels at Weeks 24 and 48
Change from baseline in serum creatinine levels at Weeks 24 and 48 was assessed.
Measured: Baseline and Weeks 24 and 48
Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine (eGFRcr, by Cockcroft-Gault Formula [eGFRcg]) at Weeks 24 and 48
Change from baseline in eGFRcr (by Cockcroft-Gault formula) was assessed at Weeks 24 and 48. eGFRcr according to the Cockcroft Gault formula- Male: (140 - age in years)*(weight in kilogram [kg])/72*(serum creatinine in milligram per deciliter [mg/dL])=eGFRcr (milliliter per minute [mL/min]); Female: (140 - age in years)*(weight in kg)/72*(serum creatinine in mg/dL)*0.85=eGFRcr (mL/min).
Measured: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine (eGFRcr, by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD-EPI]) at Weeks 24 and 48
Change from baseline in eGFRcr (by CKD-EPI) was assessed at Weeks 24 and 48. eGFRcr per CKD-EPI formula - Female: 1) Serum creatinine (Scr) less than or equal to (<=)0.7 mg/dL: 144*(Scr/0.7)^-0.329*0.993age; 2) Scr greater than (>)0.7 mg/dL: 144*(Scr/0.7)^-1.209*0.993age. Male: 1) Scr <=0.9 mg/dL: 141*(Scr/0.9)^-0.411*0.993age; 2) Scr >0.9 mg/dL: 141*(Scr/0.9)^-1.209*0.993age.
Measured: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Cystatin C (eGFRcyst, by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD-EPI]) at Weeks 24 and 48
Change from baseline in eGFRcyst (by CKD-EPI) was assessed at Weeks 24 and 48. eGFRcyst according to the CKD-EPI formula - 1) Serum Cystatin C (Scyst) <=0.8 mg/L: 133*(Scyst/0.8)^-0.499*0.996age (*0.932 if female); 2) Scyst >0.8 mg/L: 133*(Scyst/0.8)^-1.328*0.996age (*0.932 if female).
Measured: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Change From Baseline in Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (UACR) and Urine Protein to Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) at Weeks 24 and 48
Change from baseline in UACR and UPCR was assessed at Weeks 24 and 48. Lower levels of albumin or protein in the urine indicates better proximal tubular function.
Measured: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Change From Baseline in Urine Retinol Binding Protein to Creatinine Ratio (URBPCR) and Urine Beta-2 Microglobulin to Creatinine Ratio (UB2MGCR) at Weeks 24 and 48
Change from baseline in URBPCR and UB2MGCR was assessed at Weeks 24 and 48. Retinol binding protein is a marker of proximal tubular function.
Measured: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Percent Change From Baseline in Urine Fractional Excretion of Phosphate (FEPO4) at Weeks 24 and 48
Percent change from baseline in urine FEPO4 was assessed at Weeks 24 and 48.
Measured: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Response Based on HIV-1 RNA Less Than (<)20, <50, and <200 Copies/mL Threshold at Week 48 as Defined by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Snapshot Approach
Percentage of participants with virologic response based on HIV-1 RNA <20, <50, and <200 copies/mL threshold were analyzed at Week 48 using FDA snapshot approach. FDA Snapshot approach analysis was based on the last observed viral load data: virologic response was defined as HIV-1 RNA <20/50/200 copies/mL (observed case).
Measured: Week 48
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Response Based on HIV-1 RNA <20, <50, and <200 Copies/mL Threshold at Week 48 as Defined by the Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR) Algorithm
Percentage of participants with virologic response based on HIV-1 RNA <20, <50, and <200 copies/mL threshold were analyzed at Week 48 using TLOVR algorithm approach. TLOVR was defined as sustained HIV-1 RNA <20/50/200 copies/mL.
Measured: Week 48
Change From Baseline in Cluster of Differentiation 4 Plus (CD4+) Cell Count at Weeks 24 and 48
Change from baseline in CD4+ cell count was assessed at Weeks 24 and 48.
Measured: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Percentage of Participants With Treatment Adherence of Greater Than (>)95 Percent (%) (Approach 1) Through Week 48
Treatment adherence (defined as adherence of >95%) was assessed by the drug accountability cumulative through Week 48 (Approach 1).
Measured: Through Week 48
Percentage of Participants With Treatment Adherence of >95% (Approach 2) Through Week 48
Treatment adherence (defined as adherence of >95%) was assessed by the drug accountability cumulative treatment adherence up to time point where not more than one bottle was missing, or if available, through Week 48, whichever came sooner (Approach 2).
Measured: Through Week 48
Number of Participants With Resistance to Study Drug
HIV-1 genotypes were analyzed from samples of participants with confirmed virologic rebound (virologic rebound was defined as: confirmed HIV-1 RNA >=50 copies/mL up to, and including the upper bound of the Week 48 window) and with HIV-1 RNA value >=400 copies/mL or who discontinued with last HIV-1 RNA >=400 copies/mL. Number of participants who developed resistance to any of the study drug was determined.
Measured: Up to Week 48
Predose (Trough) Plasma Concentration (C0h) of Darunavir
Predose (trough) plasma concentration (C0h) of darunavir was determined. Pharmacokinetic (PK) data was only analyzed for participants in the D/C/F/TAF group as per planned analysis.
Measured: Predose at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48
Percent Change From Baseline in Serum Procollagen 1 N-Terminal Propeptide (P1NP) and Serum Collagen Type 1 Beta Carboxy Telopeptide (CTX) Levels at Weeks 24 and 48
Percent change from baseline in bone biomarkers: P1NP and CTX was assessed at Weeks 24 and 48.
Measured: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Percent Change From Baseline in Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) at Weeks 24 and 48
Percent change from baseline in bone biomarker: PTH was assessed at Weeks 24 and 48.
Measured: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Percent Change From Baseline in 25-hydroxy Vitamin D at Weeks 24 and 48
Percent change from baseline in bone biomarker: 25-hydroxy vitamin D was assessed at Weeks 24 and 48.
Measured: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Percent Change From Baseline in Spine and Hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at Weeks 24 and 48
Percent change from baseline in spine and hip BMD was assessed at Weeks 24 and 48.
Measured: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) T-Score at Weeks 24 and 48
Change from baseline in spine, hip, and femoral neck BMD T-Score was assessed at Week 24 and 48. T-score values >= -1.0 were considered normal, T-score values < -1.0 to -2.5 indicate osteopenia and T-score values < -2.5 indicate osteoporosis.
Measured: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Rebound (HIV-1 RNA >=20 Copies/mL) Cumulative Through Week 96
Virologic rebound was defined as: confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA level >=20 copies/mL up to and including Week 96, last available on-treatment (single) HIV-1 RNA >=20 copies/mL at premature discontinuation (irrespective of reason), and last available on-treatment HIV-1 RNA >=20 copies/mL at the study cutoff of Week 96 (that is, any last viral load [re]test having occurred no later than 6 weeks after Week 96). Percentage of participants with virologic rebound were reported.
Measured: Through Week 96 (D/C/F/TAF arm) and from Week 52 to Week 96 (Switch to D/C/F/TAF arm)
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Rebound (HIV-1 RNA >=50 Copies/mL) Cumulative Through Week 96
Virologic rebound was defined as: confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA level >=50 copies/mL up to and including Week 96, last available on-treatment (single) HIV-1 RNA >=50 copies/mL at premature discontinuation (irrespective of reason), and last available on-treatment HIV-1 RNA >=50copies/mL at the study cutoff of Week 96 (that is, any last viral load [re]test having occurred no later than 6 weeks after Week 96). Percentage of participants with virologic rebound were reported.
Measured: Through Week 96 (D/C/F/TAF arm) and from Week 52 to Week 96 (Switch to D/C/F/TAF arm)
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Rebound (HIV-1 RNA >=200 Copies/mL) Cumulative Through Week 96
Virologic rebound was defined as: confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA level >=200 copies/mL up to and including Week 96, last available on-treatment (single) HIV-1 RNA >=200 copies/mL at premature discontinuation (irrespective of reason), and last available on-treatment HIV-1 RNA >=200 copies/mL at the study cutoff of Week 96 (that is, any last viral load [re]test having occurred no later than 6 weeks after Week 96). Percentage of participants with virologic rebound were reported.
Measured: Through Week 96 (D/C/F/TAF arm) and from Week 52 to Week 96 (Switch to D/C/F/TAF arm)
Percentage of Participants With Non-Virologic Rebound at Week 96 by Kaplan-Meier Estimates
Here Kaplan-Meier estimates percentage of participants with non-virologic rebound at Week 96.
Measured: Baseline to Week 96 (D/C/F/TAF arm) and from Week 52 to Week 96 (Switch to D/C/F/TAF arm)
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Response Based on HIV-1 RNA <20, <50, and <200 Copies/mL Threshold at Week 96 as Defined by the FDA Snapshot Approach
Percentage of participants with virologic response based on HIV-1 RNA <20, <50, and <200 copies/mL threshold were analyzed at Week 96 using FDA snapshot approach. FDA Snapshot approach analysis was based on the last observed viral load data: virologic response was defined as having last available HIV-1 RNA <20/50/200 copies/mL (observed case).
Measured: Week 96 (Comprising up to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF and 44 weeks of D/C/F/TAF exposure [that is, from the switch to D/C/F/TAF at Week 52 up to Week 96])
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Response Based on HIV-1 RNA <20, <50, and <200 Copies/mL Threshold at Week 96 as Defined by the TLOVR Algorithm
Percentage of participants with virologic response based on HIV-1 RNA <20, <50, and <200 copies/mL threshold were analyzed at Week 96 using TLOVR algorithm approach. TLOVR was defined as sustained HIV-1 RNA <20/50/200 copies/mL.
Measured: Week 96 (Comprising up to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF and 44 weeks of D/C/F/TAF exposure [that is, from the switch to D/C/F/TAF at Week 52 up to Week 96])
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Failure Based on HIV-1 RNA >=20, >=50, and >=200 Copies/mL Threshold at Week 96 as Defined by the FDA Snapshot Approach
Percentage of participants with virologic failure based on HIV-1 RNA >=20, >=50, and >=200 copies/mL threshold were analyzed at Week 96 using FDA snapshot approach. FDA Snapshot approach analysis was based on the last observed viral load data: virologic failure was defined by the FDA snapshot approach as having last available HIV-1 RNA >=20/50/200 copies/mL at Week 96; virologic failure - leading to discontinuation; virologic failure - discontinued due to other reason and last available HIV-1 RNA >=20/50/200 copies/mL.
Measured: Week 96 (Comprising up to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF and 44 weeks of D/C/F/TAF exposure [that is, from the switch to D/C/F/TAF at Week 52 up to Week 96])
Change From Reference in CD4+ Cell Count at Week 96
Change from reference in CD4+ cell count was assessed at Week 96. The change from reference in CD4+ count at a given time point is defined as: CD4+ at a given time point minus reference CD4+. For the D/C/F/TAF group, reference is the comparative treatment phase baseline as in Week 48 analysis (reference 1). For the Switch to D/C/F/TAF (late switch) group, the last value prior to the switch was used as reference (reference 2).
Measured: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ F/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF (Comprising 44 weeks of D/C/F/TAF exposure [that is, from the switch to D/C/F/TAF at Week 52])
Number of Participants With Resistance to Study Drug Through Week 96
HIV-1 genotypes were analyzed from samples of participants with confirmed virologic rebound in case they had HIV-1 RNA values >=400 copies/mL at failure or at later time points, including participants who discontinued with last HIV-1 RNA >=400 copies/mL. Virologic rebound was defined as: confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA level >=20 copies/mL up to and including Week 96, last available on-treatment (single) HIV-1 RNA >=20 copies/mL at premature discontinuation (irrespective of reason), and last available on-treatment HIV-1 RNA >=20 copies/mL at the study cutoff of Week 96 (that is, any last viral load [re]test having occurred no later than 6 weeks after Week 96). Number of participants who developed resistance to any of the study drug (DRV, FTC, and TFV/TAF) were reported.
Measured: Through Week 96 (D/C/F/TAF arm), up to Week 48 (Control arm) and from Week 52 to Week 96 (Switch to D/C/F/TAF arm)
Percentage of Participants With Treatment Adherence of >95 (Approach 1) Through Week 96
Treatment adherence (defined as adherence of >95%) was assessed by the drug accountability cumulative through Week 96 (Approach 1).
Measured: Through Week 96 (D/C/F/TAF arm) and from Week 52 to Week 96 (Switch to D/C/F/TAF arm)
Percentage of Participants With Treatment Adherence of >95% (Approach 2) Through Week 96
Treatment adherence (defined as adherence of >95%) was assessed by the drug accountability cumulative treatment adherence up to time point where not more than one bottle was missing, or if available, through Week 96, whichever came sooner (Approach 2).
Measured: Through Week 96 (D/C/F/TAF arm) and from Week 52 to Week 96 (Switch to D/C/F/TAF arm)
Percentage of Participants Experiencing Grade 3 and Grade 4 AEs, SAEs, and Premature Discontinuation Due to AEs Through Week 96
AE is any untoward medical occurrence in participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. Grade 3 (Severe) events were symptoms causing inability to perform usual social \& functional activities. Grade 4 (Life-threatening) events were symptoms causing inability to perform basic self-care functions or medical or operative intervention indicated to prevent permanent impairment, persistent disability, or death. SAE is any AE that results in: death, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, is life-threatening experience, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect and may jeopardize participant and/or may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed above.
Measured: Through Week 96 (D/C/F/TAF arm) and from Week 52 to Week 96 (Switch to D/C/F/TAF arm)
Change From Reference in Serum Creatinine Levels at Week 96
Change from reference in serum creatinine levels at Week 96 was assessed. For the D/C/F/TAF group, reference is the comparative treatment phase baseline as in Week 48 analysis (Reference 1). For the Switch to D/C/F/TAF (late switch) group, the last value prior to the switch was used as reference (reference 2).
Measured: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ F/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Change From Reference in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine (eGFRcr, by Cockcroft-Gault Formula [eGFRcg]) at Week 96
Change from reference in eGFRcr (by Cockcroft-Gault formula) was assessed at Week 96. eGFRcr according to the Cockcroft Gault formula- Male: (140 - age in years)*(weight in kilogram [kg])/72*(serum creatinine in milligram per deciliter [mg/dL])=eGFRcr (milliliter per minute [mL/min]); Female: (140 - age in years)*(weight in kg)/72*(serum creatinine in mg/dL)*0.85=eGFRcr (mL/min). For the D/C/F/TAF group, reference is the comparative treatment phase baseline as in Week 48 analysis (Reference 1). For the Switch to D/C/F/TAF (late switch) group, the last value prior to the switch was used as reference (reference 2).
Measured: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ F/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Change From Reference in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine (by CKD-EPI) at Week 96
Change from reference in eGFRcr (by CKD-EPI) was assessed at Week 96. eGFRcr per CKD-EPI formula - Female: 1) Serum creatinine (Scr) less than or equal to (<=)0.7 mg/dL: 144*(Scr/0.7)^-0.329*0.993^age; 2) Scr greater than (>)0.7 mg/dL: 144*(Scr/0.7)^-1.209*0.993^age. Male: 1) Scr <=0.9 mg/dL: 141*(Scr/0.9)^-0.411*0.993^age; 2) Scr >0.9 mg/dL: 141*(Scr/0.9)^-1.209*0.993^age. . For the D/C/F/TAF group, reference is the comparative treatment phase baseline as in Week 48 analysis (Reference 1). For the Switch to D/C/F/TAF (late switch) group, the last value prior to the switch was used as reference (reference 2).
Measured: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ F/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Change From Reference in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Cystatin C (by CKD-EPI) at Week 96
Change from reference in eGFRcyst (by CKD-EPI) was assessed at Week 96. eGFRcyst according to the CKD-EPI formula - 1) Serum Cystatin C (Scyst) <=0.8 mg/L: 133*(Scyst/0.8)^-0.499*0.996^age (*0.932 if female); 2) Scyst >0.8 mg/L: 133*(Scyst/0.8)^-1.328*0.996^age (*0.932 if female). For the D/C/F/TAF group, reference is the comparative treatment phase baseline as in Week 48 analysis (Reference 1). For the Switch to D/C/F/TAF (late switch) group, the last value prior to the switch was used as reference (reference 2).
Measured: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ F/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Change From Reference in UACR at Week 96
Change from reference in UACR was assessed at Week 96. For the D/C/F/TAF group, reference is the comparative treatment phase baseline as in Week 48 analysis (Reference 1). For the Switch to D/C/F/TAF (late switch) group, the last value prior to the switch was used as reference (reference 2).
Measured: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ F/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Change From Reference in URBPCR at Week 96
Change from reference in URBPCR was assessed at Week 96. For the D/C/F/TAF group, reference is the comparative treatment phase baseline as in Week 48 analysis (Reference 1). For the Switch to D/C/F/TAF (late switch) group, the last value prior to the switch was used as reference (reference 2).
Measured: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ F/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Change From Reference in UPCR at Week 96
Change from reference in UPCR was assessed at Week 96. For the D/C/F/TAF group, reference is the comparative treatment phase baseline as in Week 48 analysis (Reference 1). For the Switch to D/C/F/TAF (late switch) group, the last value prior to the switch was used as reference (reference 2).
Measured: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ F/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Change From Reference in UB2MGCR at Week 96
Change from reference in UB2MGCR was assessed at Week 96. For the D/C/F/TAF group, reference is the comparative treatment phase baseline as in Week 48 analysis (Reference 1). For the Switch to D/C/F/TAF (late switch) group, the last value prior to the switch was used as reference (reference 2).
Measured: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ F/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Percent Change From Reference in FEPO4 at Week 96
Percent change from reference in FEPO4 at Week 96 was reported. For the D/C/F/TAF group, reference is the comparative treatment phase baseline as in Week 48 analysis (Reference 1). For the Switch to D/C/F/TAF (late switch) group, the last value prior to the switch was used as reference (reference 2).
Measured: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ F/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Percent Change From Reference in Levels of Serum P1NP at Week 96
Percent change from reference in serum P1NP levels at Week 96 was reported. For the D/C/F/TAF group, reference is the comparative treatment phase baseline as in Week 48 analysis (Reference 1). For the Switch to D/C/F/TAF (late switch) group, the last value prior to the switch was used as reference (reference 2).
Measured: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ FTC/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Percent Change From Reference in Levels of Serum CTX at Week 96
Percent change from reference in serum CTX at Week 96 was reported. For the D/C/F/TAF group, reference is the comparative treatment phase baseline as in Week 48 analysis (Reference 1). For the Switch to D/C/F/TAF (late switch) group, the last value prior to the switch was used as reference (reference 2).
Measured: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ FTC/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Percent Change From Reference in Levels of PTH at Week 96
Percent change from reference in PTH at Week 96 was reported. For the D/C/F/TAF group, reference is the comparative treatment phase baseline as in Week 48 analysis (Reference 1). For the Switch to D/C/F/TAF (late switch) group, the last value prior to the switch was used as reference (reference 2).
Measured: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ FTC/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Percent Change From Reference in Levels of 25-OH Vitamin D at Week 96
Percent change from reference in 25-OH Vitamin D at Week 96 were reported. For the D/C/F/TAF group, reference is the comparative treatment phase baseline as in Week 48 analysis (Reference 1). For the Switch to D/C/F/TAF (late switch) group, the last value prior to the switch was used as reference (reference 2).
Measured: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ FTC/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Percent Change From Reference in Hip and Spine BMD at Week 96
The BMD is the amount of mineral in gram per square centimeter of bone, which was assessed by DXA scan. Positive values are "best values" and negative values are "worst values" of change. Percent change from reference in hip and spine BMD was assessed. For the D/C/F/TAF group, reference is the comparative treatment phase baseline as in Week 48 analysis (Reference 1). For the Switch to D/C/F/TAF (late switch) group, the last value prior to the switch was used as reference (reference 2).
Measured: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ FTC/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Change From Reference in BMD T-score of Hip and Spine at Week 96
BMD status was assessed using BMD T-scores; normal bone status was defined by a BMD T-score >= -1, osteopenia by a T-score >= -2.5 to <-1.0, and osteoporosis by a T-score <-2.5. For the D/C/F/TAF group, reference is the comparative treatment phase baseline as in Week 48 analysis (Reference 1). For the Switch to D/C/F/TAF (late switch) group, the last value prior to the switch was used as reference (reference 2).
Measured: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ FTC/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Percentage of Participants With Non-Virologic Rebound by Kaplan-Meier Estimates
Virologic rebound is defined as participants who show confirmed HIV-1 RNA >=50 copies/mL, or for which the last available (single) HIV-1 RNA value on treatment was >=50 copies/mL. Here, Kaplan-Meier estimates (%) of non-virologic rebound at every 6 months interval are presented.
Measured: Week 96 to end of extension (at every 6 months, up to 42 months)
Percentage of Participants With Non-Treatment Failure by Kaplan-Meier Estimates
Percentage of participants with non-treatment failure by Kaplan-Meier Estimates were reported. Treatment failure was defined as having either protocol-defined virologic rebound or having discontinued for reasons other than alternate access to D/C/F/TAF (or other antiretroviral [ARV]).
Measured: Week 96 to end of extension (up to 42 months)
Percentage of Participants With HIV RNA <50, <20, <200 Copies/mL Post Week 96 to End of Extension
Percentage of participants with HIV RNA <50, <20, <200 copies/mL post Week 96 to end of extension were reported.
Measured: Week 96 to end of extension (up to 42 months)
CD4+ Cell Count Post-Week 96 to End of Extension
The immunologic change was determined by Cluster of CD4+ cell count. CD4+ cell count post-Week 96 to end of extension were assessed.
Measured: Week 96 to end of extension (up to 42 months)
Percentage of Participants With Treatment Adherence of >95% From Week 96 to End of Extension
Treatment adherence (defined as adherence of >95%) was assessed by the drug accountability and was calculated cumulative from start of treatment/switch to last study drug intake by determination of the cumulative treatment adherence in participants who returned all dispensed bottles prior to or at the last visit in the study from Week 96 to end of extension.
Measured: Week 96 to end of extension (up to 42 months)
Percentage of Participants Experiencing Grade 3 and 4 AEs, Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), and Premature Discontinuation Due to AEs Post-Week 96 to End of Extension
AE is any untoward medical occurrence in participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. Grade 3 (Severe) events were symptoms causing inability to perform usual social \& functional activities. Grade 4 (Life-threatening) events were symptoms causing inability to perform basic self-care functions or medical or operative intervention indicated to prevent permanent impairment, persistent disability, or death. SAE is any AE that results in: death, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, is life-threatening experience, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect and may jeopardize participant and/or may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed above.
Measured: From Week 96 to end of extension (up to 42 months)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Oct 2014 (estimated)
- Study startMar 2015
- Primary completionFeb 2017
- Study completionOct 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 1,149 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Janssen R&D Ireland
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Janssen R&D Ireland Clinical Trial, Study director, Janssen R&D Ireland
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02269917
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CR105736
- Other IDs
- TMC114IFD3013, 2014-003052-31, 2014
- Status last verified
- Nov 2021
- First submitted
- 17 Oct 2014
- Last updated
- 9 Dec 2021
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Ackaert O, McDougall D, Perez-Ruixo C, Perez-Ruixo JJ, Jezorwski J, Crauwels HM. Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Darunavir and Tenofovir Alafenamide in HIV-1-Infected Patients on the Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Single-Tablet Regimen (AMBER and EMERALD Studies). AAPS J. 2021 Jun 7;23(4):82. doi: 10.1208/s12248-021-00607-8.
PubMed 34100149Huhn GD, Wilkin A, Mussini C, Spinner CD, Jezorwski J, El Ghazi M, Van Landuyt E, Lathouwers E, Brown K, Baugh B; AMBER and EMERALD study groups. Week 96 subgroup analyses of the phase 3, randomized AMBER and EMERALD trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of the once daily darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) single-tablet regimen in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naive and -experienced, virologically-suppressed adults living with HIV-1. HIV Res Clin Pract. 2020 Dec;21(6):151-167. doi: 10.1080/25787489.2020.1844520. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
PubMed 33528318Lathouwers E, Wong EY, Brown K, Baugh B, Ghys A, Jezorwski J, Mohsine EG, Van Landuyt E, Opsomer M, De Meyer S; AMBER and EMERALD Study Groups. Week 48 Resistance Analyses of the Once-Daily, Single-Tablet Regimen Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) in Adults Living with HIV-1 from the Phase III Randomized AMBER and EMERALD Trials. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2020 Jan;36(1):48-57. doi: 10.1089/AID.2019.0111. Epub 2019 Oct 21.
PubMed 31516033Huhn GD, Eron JJ, Girard PM, Orkin C, Molina JM, DeJesus E, Petrovic R, Luo D, Van Landuyt E, Lathouwers E, Nettles RE, Brown K, Wong EY. Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in treatment-experienced, virologically suppressed patients with HIV-1: subgroup analyses of the phase 3 EMERALD study. AIDS Res Ther. 2019 Aug 29;16(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12981-019-0235-1.
PubMed 31464642Orkin C, Molina JM, Negredo E, Arribas JR, Gathe J, Eron JJ, Van Landuyt E, Lathouwers E, Hufkens V, Petrovic R, Vanveggel S, Opsomer M; EMERALD study group. Efficacy and safety of switching from boosted protease inhibitors plus emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimens to single-tablet darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide at 48 weeks in adults with virologically suppressed HIV-1 (EMERALD): a phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet HIV. 2018 Jan;5(1):e23-e34. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30179-0. Epub 2017 Oct 6.
PubMed 28993180
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 Dec 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Phase 3, Randomized, Active-controlled, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Switching to a Darunavir/ Cobicistat/ Emtricitabine/ Tenofovir Alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) Once-daily Single-tablet Regimen Versus Continuing the Current Regimen Consisting of a Boosted Protease Inhibitor (bPI) Combined With Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (FTC/TDF) in Virologically-suppressed, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infected Subjects
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02269917
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CR105736
- Conditions
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
- Keywords
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Emerald, Darunavir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 1,149 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Janssen R&D IrelandIndustry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Study start
- Mar 2015 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Feb 2017 (actual)
- Study completion
- Oct 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Oct 2014 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 9 Nov 2018
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate non-inferiority in efficacy while switching to a once-daily single-tablet regimen containing darunavir (DRV)/ cobicistat (COBI)/ emtricitabine (FTC)/ tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) (D/C/F/TAF tablet) relative to continuing the current regimen consisting of a boosted protease inhibitor (bPI) combined with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) in virologically-suppressed (human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ribonucleic acid [HIV-1 RNA] concentrations less than [<] 50 copies per milliliter [copies/mL]) HIV-1 infected participants.
Detailed description
This is a randomized (study medication assigned to participants by chance), active-controlled (study in which the experimental treatment or procedure is compared to a standard treatment or procedure), open-label (participants and researchers are aware about the treatment, participants are receiving), multicenter (when more than 1 hospital or medical school team work on a medical research study), study in virologically-suppressed, HIV-1 infected adult participants. The study will include a Screening Period of approximately 30 days (up to maximum 6 weeks), a controlled Treatment Period of 48 weeks, an Extension Phase of 48 weeks. All eligible participants will be randomly assigned to receive either current treatment regimen - a bPI (limited to DRV with low-dose ritonavir [rtv] or COBI, atazanavir [ATV] with rtv or COBI, or lopinavir [LPV] with rtv) combined with FTC/TDF, or experimental treatment regimen - D/C/F/TAF once-daily single-tablet for 48 weeks. After completion of week 48, participants assigned to the experimental treatment will continue with D/C/F/TAF in the extension phase up to week 96 . Participants who continued their current regimen will receive the experimental treatment (if all criteria are fulfilled) at week 52 up to week 96. As from Week 96, all participants will be given the option to continue D/C/F/TAF treatment, if they wish and if they continue to benefit from it until D/C/F/TAF becomes commercially available and is reimbursed, or can be accessed through another source in the country where he/she is living,or until the sponsor terminates clinical development. A bone investigation substudy will be performed at selected study sites, to assess bone biomarkers and energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, in approximately 300 participants (200 in the D/C/F/TAF treatment arm versus 100 in the control arm) who provide informed consent for the substudy.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental Treatment Regimen | Experimental | Drug: D/C/F/TAFParticipants will receive a single fixed dose combination (FDC) tablet containing darunavir (DRV) 800 milligram (mg)/ cobicistat (COBI) 150 mg/ emtricitabine (FTC) 200 mg/ tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) 10 mg (D/C/F/TAF tablet), orally once daily, up to Week 48. After Week 48, all participants will continue to receive the D/C/F/TAF tablet in a 48 week extension phase (up to Week 96). |
| Current Treatment Regimen | Active comparator | Drug: Boosted Protease Inhibitor (bPI), Drug: FTC/TDFParticipants will receive a boosted protease inhibitor (bPI) (limited to darunavir [DRV] or atazanavir with low-dose ritonavir [rtv] or cobicistat [COBI], or lopinavir with rtv) combined with emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) up to Week 52. After Week 52, all participants will receive the D/C/F/TAF tablet in a 44 week extension phase (up to Week 96). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Currently being treated with a stable antiretroviral (ARV) regimen consisting of a boosted protease inhibitor (limited to darunavir [DRV] or atazanavir with low-dose ritonavir [rtv] or cobicistat [COBI], or lopinavir with rtv) combined with emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) only, for at least 6 consecutive months preceding the Screening visit
- On-treatment plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ribonucleic acid (HIV-1 RNA) concentrations less than (<) 50 copies per milliliter (copies/mL) or HIV-1 RNA undetectable by a local HIV-1 RNA test between 12 and 2 months prior to the Screening visit and have HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL at the Screening visit
- A single virologic elevation of greater than or equal to (>=) 50 copies/mL after previously reaching viral suppression between 12 and 2 months prior to Screening is acceptable, provided a subsequent test prior to Screening was <50 copies/mL
- Absence of history of failure on DRV treatment and absence of DRV resistance-associated mutations (RAMs), if documented historical genotypes are available
- Normal electrocardiogram (ECG) at Screening (or if abnormal, determined by the Investigator to be not clinically significant)
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- A new acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - defining condition diagnosed within the 30 days prior to Screening
- Proven or suspected acute hepatitis within 30 days prior to study entry
- Hepatitis C antibody positive; however, participants previously cured of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, with documented sustained virologic response, that is, undetectable HCV RNA 24 weeks after the last dose of HCV treatment, are allowed to participate
- Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive
- Participants with cirrhosis as diagnosed based on local practices
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| D/C/F/TAFOnce-daily single-tablet regimen containing darunavir (DRV) 800 milligram (mg)/ cobicistat (COBI) 150 mg/ emtricitabine (FTC) 200 mg/ tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) 10 mg. | Drug | Experimental Treatment Regimen |
| Boosted Protease Inhibitor (bPI)Boosted protease inhibitor (limited to darunavir [DRV] or atazanavir with low-dose ritonavir [rtv] or cobicistat [COBI], or lopinavir with rtv) as per current treatment regimen. | Drug | Current Treatment Regimen |
| FTC/TDFEmtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF). | Drug | Current Treatment Regimen |
Primary outcome
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Rebound (HIV-1 RNA >=50 Copies/mL) Cumulative Through Week 48
Time frame: Through Week 48
Virologic rebound was defined as: confirmed plasma human immunodeficiency virus - 1 (HIV-1) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) level greater than or equal to (>=)50 copies per milliliter (copies/mL) up to, and including the upper bound of the Week 48 window (ie, 54 weeks) and last available on-treatment (single) HIV-1 RNA >=50 copies/mL at premature discontinuation (irrespective of reason). Percentage of participants with virologic rebound were reported.
56 secondary outcomes
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Rebound (Plasma HIV-1 RNA >=20 Copies/mL) Cumulative Through 48 Weeks
Time frame: Through 48 Weeks
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Rebound (Plasma HIV-1 RNA >=200 Copies/mL) Cumulative Through 48 Weeks
Time frame: Through 48 Weeks
Percentage of Participants With Non-Virologic Rebound at Week 48 by Kaplan-Meier Estimates
Time frame: Baseline up to Week 48
Percentage of Participants Experiencing Grade 3 and 4 Adverse Events (AEs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), and Premature Discontinuation Due to AEs Through Week 48
Time frame: Up to Week 48
Change From Baseline in Serum Creatinine Levels at Weeks 24 and 48
Time frame: Baseline and Weeks 24 and 48
Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine (eGFRcr, by Cockcroft-Gault Formula [eGFRcg]) at Weeks 24 and 48
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine (eGFRcr, by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD-EPI]) at Weeks 24 and 48
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Change From Baseline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Cystatin C (eGFRcyst, by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD-EPI]) at Weeks 24 and 48
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Change From Baseline in Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (UACR) and Urine Protein to Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) at Weeks 24 and 48
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Change From Baseline in Urine Retinol Binding Protein to Creatinine Ratio (URBPCR) and Urine Beta-2 Microglobulin to Creatinine Ratio (UB2MGCR) at Weeks 24 and 48
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Percent Change From Baseline in Urine Fractional Excretion of Phosphate (FEPO4) at Weeks 24 and 48
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Response Based on HIV-1 RNA Less Than (<)20, <50, and <200 Copies/mL Threshold at Week 48 as Defined by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Snapshot Approach
Time frame: Week 48
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Response Based on HIV-1 RNA <20, <50, and <200 Copies/mL Threshold at Week 48 as Defined by the Time to Loss of Virologic Response (TLOVR) Algorithm
Time frame: Week 48
Change From Baseline in Cluster of Differentiation 4 Plus (CD4+) Cell Count at Weeks 24 and 48
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Percentage of Participants With Treatment Adherence of Greater Than (>)95 Percent (%) (Approach 1) Through Week 48
Time frame: Through Week 48
Percentage of Participants With Treatment Adherence of >95% (Approach 2) Through Week 48
Time frame: Through Week 48
Number of Participants With Resistance to Study Drug
Time frame: Up to Week 48
Predose (Trough) Plasma Concentration (C0h) of Darunavir
Time frame: Predose at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48
Percent Change From Baseline in Serum Procollagen 1 N-Terminal Propeptide (P1NP) and Serum Collagen Type 1 Beta Carboxy Telopeptide (CTX) Levels at Weeks 24 and 48
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Percent Change From Baseline in Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) at Weeks 24 and 48
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Percent Change From Baseline in 25-hydroxy Vitamin D at Weeks 24 and 48
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Percent Change From Baseline in Spine and Hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at Weeks 24 and 48
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) T-Score at Weeks 24 and 48
Time frame: Baseline, Weeks 24 and 48
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Rebound (HIV-1 RNA >=20 Copies/mL) Cumulative Through Week 96
Time frame: Through Week 96 (D/C/F/TAF arm) and from Week 52 to Week 96 (Switch to D/C/F/TAF arm)
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Rebound (HIV-1 RNA >=50 Copies/mL) Cumulative Through Week 96
Time frame: Through Week 96 (D/C/F/TAF arm) and from Week 52 to Week 96 (Switch to D/C/F/TAF arm)
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Rebound (HIV-1 RNA >=200 Copies/mL) Cumulative Through Week 96
Time frame: Through Week 96 (D/C/F/TAF arm) and from Week 52 to Week 96 (Switch to D/C/F/TAF arm)
Percentage of Participants With Non-Virologic Rebound at Week 96 by Kaplan-Meier Estimates
Time frame: Baseline to Week 96 (D/C/F/TAF arm) and from Week 52 to Week 96 (Switch to D/C/F/TAF arm)
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Response Based on HIV-1 RNA <20, <50, and <200 Copies/mL Threshold at Week 96 as Defined by the FDA Snapshot Approach
Time frame: Week 96 (Comprising up to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF and 44 weeks of D/C/F/TAF exposure [that is, from the switch to D/C/F/TAF at Week 52 up to Week 96])
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Response Based on HIV-1 RNA <20, <50, and <200 Copies/mL Threshold at Week 96 as Defined by the TLOVR Algorithm
Time frame: Week 96 (Comprising up to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF and 44 weeks of D/C/F/TAF exposure [that is, from the switch to D/C/F/TAF at Week 52 up to Week 96])
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Failure Based on HIV-1 RNA >=20, >=50, and >=200 Copies/mL Threshold at Week 96 as Defined by the FDA Snapshot Approach
Time frame: Week 96 (Comprising up to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF and 44 weeks of D/C/F/TAF exposure [that is, from the switch to D/C/F/TAF at Week 52 up to Week 96])
Change From Reference in CD4+ Cell Count at Week 96
Time frame: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ F/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF (Comprising 44 weeks of D/C/F/TAF exposure [that is, from the switch to D/C/F/TAF at Week 52])
Number of Participants With Resistance to Study Drug Through Week 96
Time frame: Through Week 96 (D/C/F/TAF arm), up to Week 48 (Control arm) and from Week 52 to Week 96 (Switch to D/C/F/TAF arm)
Percentage of Participants With Treatment Adherence of >95 (Approach 1) Through Week 96
Time frame: Through Week 96 (D/C/F/TAF arm) and from Week 52 to Week 96 (Switch to D/C/F/TAF arm)
Percentage of Participants With Treatment Adherence of >95% (Approach 2) Through Week 96
Time frame: Through Week 96 (D/C/F/TAF arm) and from Week 52 to Week 96 (Switch to D/C/F/TAF arm)
Percentage of Participants Experiencing Grade 3 and Grade 4 AEs, SAEs, and Premature Discontinuation Due to AEs Through Week 96
Time frame: Through Week 96 (D/C/F/TAF arm) and from Week 52 to Week 96 (Switch to D/C/F/TAF arm)
Change From Reference in Serum Creatinine Levels at Week 96
Time frame: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ F/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Change From Reference in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine (eGFRcr, by Cockcroft-Gault Formula [eGFRcg]) at Week 96
Time frame: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ F/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Change From Reference in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine (by CKD-EPI) at Week 96
Time frame: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ F/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Change From Reference in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Cystatin C (by CKD-EPI) at Week 96
Time frame: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ F/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Change From Reference in UACR at Week 96
Time frame: From Reference 1 to Week 96 for D/C/F/TAF+ F/TDF Group and Reference 2 to Week 96 for Switch to D/C/F/TAF
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 Dec 2021.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 34100149Ackaert O, McDougall D, Perez-Ruixo C, Perez-Ruixo JJ, Jezorwski J, Crauwels HM. Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Darunavir and Tenofovir Alafenamide in HIV-1-Infected Patients on the Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Single-Tablet Regimen (AMBER and EMERALD Studies). AAPS J. 2021 Jun 7;23(4):82. doi: 10.1208/s12248-021-00607-8.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 33528318Huhn GD, Wilkin A, Mussini C, Spinner CD, Jezorwski J, El Ghazi M, Van Landuyt E, Lathouwers E, Brown K, Baugh B; AMBER and EMERALD study groups. Week 96 subgroup analyses of the phase 3, randomized AMBER and EMERALD trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of the once daily darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) single-tablet regimen in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naive and -experienced, virologically-suppressed adults living with HIV-1. HIV Res Clin Pract. 2020 Dec;21(6):151-167. doi: 10.1080/25787489.2020.1844520. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 31516033Lathouwers E, Wong EY, Brown K, Baugh B, Ghys A, Jezorwski J, Mohsine EG, Van Landuyt E, Opsomer M, De Meyer S; AMBER and EMERALD Study Groups. Week 48 Resistance Analyses of the Once-Daily, Single-Tablet Regimen Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) in Adults Living with HIV-1 from the Phase III Randomized AMBER and EMERALD Trials. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2020 Jan;36(1):48-57. doi: 10.1089/AID.2019.0111. Epub 2019 Oct 21.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 31464642Huhn GD, Eron JJ, Girard PM, Orkin C, Molina JM, DeJesus E, Petrovic R, Luo D, Van Landuyt E, Lathouwers E, Nettles RE, Brown K, Wong EY. Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in treatment-experienced, virologically suppressed patients with HIV-1: subgroup analyses of the phase 3 EMERALD study. AIDS Res Ther. 2019 Aug 29;16(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12981-019-0235-1.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28993180Orkin C, Molina JM, Negredo E, Arribas JR, Gathe J, Eron JJ, Van Landuyt E, Lathouwers E, Hufkens V, Petrovic R, Vanveggel S, Opsomer M; EMERALD study group. Efficacy and safety of switching from boosted protease inhibitors plus emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimens to single-tablet darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide at 48 weeks in adults with virologically suppressed HIV-1 (EMERALD): a phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet HIV. 2018 Jan;5(1):e23-e34. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30179-0. Epub 2017 Oct 6.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Janssen R&D Ireland Clinical Trial study director
Janssen R&D Ireland
79 sites in 10 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 3 study testing D/C/F/TAF, Boosted Protease Inhibitor (bPI) and FTC/TDF in people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, run by Janssen R&D Ireland at 79 sites in 10 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Dec 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 79 sites in United States, Spain, France, Belgium, Poland and 5 more countries. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 9 Nov 2018). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Percentage of Participants With Virologic Rebound (HIV-1 RNA >=50 Copies/mL) Cumulative Through Week 48 (time frame: Through Week 48). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02269917, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Dec 2021.