Local Anesthesia of the Skin.Phase 4NCT02246179
Fractional Laser Assisted Delivery of Anesthetics
A Phase 4 study testing AFXL, AHES and EMLA cream in people with Local Anesthesia of the Skin., run by Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders at 1 site in Netherlands.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser assisted delivery of topically applied anesthetics (articaine hydrochloride 40 mg/ml and epinephrine 10 μg/ml solution and EMLA cream) regarding to anesthesia of the skin. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Local Anesthesia of the Skin.
- What is being tested?
- AFXL, AHES and EMLA cream
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 10 participants
- Where
- 1 siteNetherlands
- Study dates
- Sep 2014to Oct 2014
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Fitzpatrick skin type I or II
- Age ≥18 years
- Patient is willing and able to give written informed consent
Who cannot join
- History of keloid or hypertrophic scar formation or complicated wound healing
- Presence of any active skin disease
- Known allergy to local anesthesia
- Pregnancy or lactation
- Incompetency to understand what the procedure involves
- Current complaints of chronic pain or other alterations in pain sensation (e.g. due to diabetes mellitus or lepra)
Show all 10Show fewer
- Current treatment with systemic analgesics or other medication that can influence pain sensation
- Current treatment with anticoagulants
- Fitzpatrick skin type III-VI
- Excessive sun tan
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Netherlands1 site
Netherlands Institute for Pigment disorders
Amsterdam, 1105 AZ
About this study
Official title: Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser Assisted Delivery of Topical Anesthetics: a Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser assisted delivery of topically applied anesthetics (articaine hydrochloride 40 mg/ml and epinephrine 10 μg/ml solution and EMLA cream) regarding to anesthesia of the skin.
Read the detailed description
Rationale: In dermatology, many minor surgical and laser procedures are carried out under local anesthesia of the skin. Anesthesia using topical formulations is time consuming, as the anesthetic has to be applied at least one hour before treatment, and is often only partially effective. On the other hand infiltration anesthesia is often associated with discomfort and is not tolerated by patients who are for example needle phobic. In the past years, enhanced and accelerated penetration of various topically applied substances, including photosensitizers, has been proven by pretreatment of the skin with a fractional laser, creating a pattern of microscopic ablation craters.(Haedersdal et al., 2010) This improvement in drug penetration seems to be regardless of ablation crater depth.(Haak et al., 2012) There is limited evidence that transdermal lidocaine absorption can be increased by fractional laser pretreatment.(Oni et al., 2012; Oni et al., 2013) These findings might suggest that local anesthesia of the skin may be achieved by applying an anesthetic drug topically on a skin surface pretreated with a fractional laser. However, little is known about the role of the formulation of the topical drug delivered using this method.
Objective: The primary objective of this study is to assess the analgesic effect of fractional carbon dioxide laser assisted delivery of two topical anesthetics (articaine hydrochloride 40 mg/ml and epinephrine 10 μg/ml solution (AHES) and EMLA cream) compared to application of these anesthetics without fractional laser pretreatment. The secondary objective is to compare the efficacy of these two different anesthetics, when applied according to the fractional laser drug delivery principle.
Study design: Prospective, single blinded, randomized, controlled, within subject, pilot study.
Study population: 10 healthy volunteers ≥18 years, who give written informed consent Intervention: In each subject, four test regions on subject's back of 1x1 centimeter will be randomly allocated in a 2x2 design to (1) ablative fractional laser (AFXL) pretreatment (5% density, 2.5 mJ/microbeam) followed by topical application of AHES, (2) AFXL pretreatment followed by application of EMLA cream, (3) sham AFXL followed by application of AHES on the intact skin and (4) sham AFXL followed by application of EMLA cream on the intact skin. Sham AFXL will be done by delivering an AFXL pass at 5% density and 2.5 mJ/microbeam right adjacent to the region of AHES or EMLA application on the intact skin. After ten minutes incubation time, an AFXL pass will be given as a pain stimulus at each test region with 5% density and 35 mJ/microbeam. Subjects will be asked to indicate pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0-10 (0: no pain; 10: worst imaginable pain) directly after each pain stimulus.
- Conditions
- Local Anesthesia of the Skin.
- Being tested
- AFXL, AHES, EMLA cream
- Keywords
- Fractional laser, Topical anesthesia, Drug delivery
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
AFXLDevice
Also called Fractional carbon dioxide laser, Ablative fractional laser, Fractional CO2 laser, UltraPulse®, DeepFx handpiece; Lumenis Inc.
Pretreatment at 2.5 mJ/microbeam and 5% density Pain stimulus at 35 mJ/microbeam and 5% density
AHESDrug
Also called Ultracain D-S forte, articaine hydrochloride 40 mg/ml + epinephrine 10 μg/ml
Topical application at test region 1 and 3 under occlusion for 10 minutes
EMLA creamDrug
Also called lidocaine 25 mg/g + prilocaine 25 mg/g cream
Topical application at test region 2 and 4 under occlusion for 10 minutes
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 1: AFXL + AHES | Experimental | This test region will be pretreated with a fractional carbon dioxide laser (ablative fractional laser; AFXL) with a 120 μm spot at 5% density and a pulse energy of 2.5 mJ/microbeam, single pulse at t0 in a subject blinded fashion. Articaine hydrochloride 40 mg/ml and epinephrine 10 μg/ml solution (AHES) will be applied at this test region at t1.Ten minutes after AHES application (incubation time; under occlusion), a pain stimulus will be given at t11 to the subject at the test region using AFXL at 5% density and 35 mJ/microbeam. Receives: Device: AFXL; Drug: AHES |
| 2: AFXL + EMLA | Experimental | This test region will be pretreated with a fractional carbon dioxide laser (ablative fractional laser; AFXL) with a 120 μm spot at 5% density and a pulse energy of 2.5 mJ/microbeam, single pulse at t0 in a subject blinded fashion. Eutectic mixture of lidocaine 25 mg/g and prilocaine 25 mg/g cream (EMLA cream) will be applied at this test region at t1.Ten minutes after EMLA cream application (incubation time; under occlusion), a pain stimulus will be given at t11 to the subject at the test region using AFXL at 5% density and 35 mJ/microbeam. Receives: Device: AFXL; Drug: EMLA cream |
| 3: Sham AFXL + AHES | Sham comparator | A pass with a fractional carbon dioxide laser with a 120 μm spot at 5% density and a pulse energy of 2.5 mJ/microbeam, single pulse will be given at the area right adjacent to this test region ("sham AFXL") at t0 in a subject blinded fashion. Articaine hydrochloride 40 mg/ml and epinephrine 10 μg/ml solution (AHES) will then be applied at this test region on the intact skin at t1. Ten minutes after AHES application (incubation time; under occlusion), a pain stimulus will be given at t11 to the subject at the test region using AFXL at 5% density and 35 mJ/microbeam. Receives: Device: AFXL; Drug: AHES |
| 4: Sham AFXL + EMLA | Sham comparator | A pass with a fractional carbon dioxide laser with a 120 μm spot at 5% density and a pulse energy of 2.5 mJ/microbeam, single pulse will be given at the area right adjacent to this test region ("sham AFXL") at t0 in a subject blinded fashion. Eutectic mixture of lidocaine 25 mg/g and prilocaine 25 mg/g cream (EMLA cream) will then be applied at this test region on the intact skin at t1. Ten minutes after EMLA cream application (incubation time; under occlusion), a pain stimulus will be given at t11 to the subject at the test region using AFXL at 5% density and 35 mJ/microbeam. Receives: Device: AFXL; Drug: EMLA cream |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain score
The main study parameter is pain, as scored on a VAS from 0-10 (0: no pain; 10: worst imaginable pain) directly after each pain stimulus.
Measured: Directly after pain stimulus. After 10 minutes incubation time of the anesthetics.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Sep 2014 (estimated)
- Study startSep 2014
- Primary completionOct 2014
- Study completionOct 2014
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (13)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Local Anesthesia of the Skin.Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 10 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Albert Wolkerstorfer, MD, PhD, Principal investigator, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamMenno A. De Rie, MD, PhD, Study director, Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02246179
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- NL48655.018.14
- Status last verified
- Nov 2014
- First submitted
- 12 Sep 2014
- Last updated
- 10 Nov 2014
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Haedersdal M, Sakamoto FH, Farinelli WA, Doukas AG, Tam J, Anderson RR. Fractional CO(2) laser-assisted drug delivery. Lasers Surg Med. 2010 Feb;42(2):113-22. doi: 10.1002/lsm.20860.
PubMed 20166154Haak CS, Farinelli WA, Tam J, Doukas AG, Anderson RR, Haedersdal M. Fractional laser-assisted delivery of methyl aminolevulinate: Impact of laser channel depth and incubation time. Lasers Surg Med. 2012 Dec;44(10):787-95. doi: 10.1002/lsm.22102. Epub 2012 Dec 4.
PubMed 23212624Oni G, Brown SA, Kenkel JM. Can fractional lasers enhance transdermal absorption of topical lidocaine in an in vivo animal model? Lasers Surg Med. 2012 Feb;44(2):168-74. doi: 10.1002/lsm.21130. Epub 2012 Feb 2.
PubMed 22302761Oni G, Rasko Y, Kenkel J. Topical lidocaine enhanced by laser pretreatment: a safe and effective method of analgesia for facial rejuvenation. Aesthet Surg J. 2013 Aug 1;33(6):854-61. doi: 10.1177/1090820X13496248.
PubMed 23908302Ong MW, Bashir SJ. Fractional laser resurfacing for acne scars: a review. Br J Dermatol. 2012 Jun;166(6):1160-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10870.x. Epub 2012 May 8.
PubMed 22296284Wolfe JW, Butterworth JF. Local anesthetic systemic toxicity: update on mechanisms and treatment. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2011 Oct;24(5):561-6. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e32834a9394.
PubMed 21841477Hahn IH, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS. EMLA-induced methemoglobinemia and systemic topical anesthetic toxicity. J Emerg Med. 2004 Jan;26(1):85-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2003.03.003.
PubMed 14751483Baron ED, Harris L, Redpath WS, Shapiro H, Hetzel F, Morley G, Bar-Or D, Stevens SR. Laser-assisted penetration of topical anesthetic in adults. Arch Dermatol. 2003 Oct;139(10):1288-90. doi: 10.1001/archderm.139.10.1288.
PubMed 14568832Koh JL, Harrison D, Swanson V, Norvell DC, Coomber DC. A comparison of laser-assisted drug delivery at two output energies for enhancing the delivery of topically applied LMX-4 cream prior to venipuncture. Anesth Analg. 2007 Apr;104(4):847-9. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000257925.36641.9e.
PubMed 17377092Shapiro H, Harris L, Hetzel FW, Bar-Or D. Laser assisted delivery of topical anesthesia for intramuscular needle insertion in adults. Lasers Surg Med. 2002;31(4):252-6. doi: 10.1002/lsm.10101.
PubMed 12355570Hantash BM, Bedi VP, Chan KF, Zachary CB. Ex vivo histological characterization of a novel ablative fractional resurfacing device. Lasers Surg Med. 2007 Feb;39(2):87-95. doi: 10.1002/lsm.20405.
PubMed 17115384Haak CS, Bhayana B, Farinelli WA, Anderson RR, Haedersdal M. The impact of treatment density and molecular weight for fractional laser-assisted drug delivery. J Control Release. 2012 Nov 10;163(3):335-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.09.008. Epub 2012 Sep 21.
PubMed 23000695Togsverd-Bo K, Haak CS, Thaysen-Petersen D, Wulf HC, Anderson RR, Haedersdal M. Intensified photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses with fractional CO2 laser: a randomized clinical trial. Br J Dermatol. 2012 Jun;166(6):1262-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10893.x.
PubMed 22348388
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Nov 2014. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser Assisted Delivery of Topical Anesthetics: a Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02246179
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- NL48655.018.14
- Conditions
- Local Anesthesia of the Skin.
- Keywords
- Fractional laser, Topical anesthesia, Drug delivery
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 10 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Netherlands Institute for Pigment DisordersUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA)
- Study start
- Sep 2014
- Primary completion
- Oct 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- Oct 2014 (actual)
- First posted
- 22 Sep 2014 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser assisted delivery of topically applied anesthetics (articaine hydrochloride 40 mg/ml and epinephrine 10 μg/ml solution and EMLA cream) regarding to anesthesia of the skin.
Detailed description
Rationale: In dermatology, many minor surgical and laser procedures are carried out under local anesthesia of the skin. Anesthesia using topical formulations is time consuming, as the anesthetic has to be applied at least one hour before treatment, and is often only partially effective. On the other hand infiltration anesthesia is often associated with discomfort and is not tolerated by patients who are for example needle phobic. In the past years, enhanced and accelerated penetration of various topically applied substances, including photosensitizers, has been proven by pretreatment of the skin with a fractional laser, creating a pattern of microscopic ablation craters.(Haedersdal et al., 2010) This improvement in drug penetration seems to be regardless of ablation crater depth.(Haak et al., 2012) There is limited evidence that transdermal lidocaine absorption can be increased by fractional laser pretreatment.(Oni et al., 2012; Oni et al., 2013) These findings might suggest that local anesthesia of the skin may be achieved by applying an anesthetic drug topically on a skin surface pretreated with a fractional laser. However, little is known about the role of the formulation of the topical drug delivered using this method.
Objective: The primary objective of this study is to assess the analgesic effect of fractional carbon dioxide laser assisted delivery of two topical anesthetics (articaine hydrochloride 40 mg/ml and epinephrine 10 μg/ml solution (AHES) and EMLA cream) compared to application of these anesthetics without fractional laser pretreatment. The secondary objective is to compare the efficacy of these two different anesthetics, when applied according to the fractional laser drug delivery principle.
Study design: Prospective, single blinded, randomized, controlled, within subject, pilot study.
Study population: 10 healthy volunteers ≥18 years, who give written informed consent Intervention: In each subject, four test regions on subject's back of 1x1 centimeter will be randomly allocated in a 2x2 design to (1) ablative fractional laser (AFXL) pretreatment (5% density, 2.5 mJ/microbeam) followed by topical application of AHES, (2) AFXL pretreatment followed by application of EMLA cream, (3) sham AFXL followed by application of AHES on the intact skin and (4) sham AFXL followed by application of EMLA cream on the intact skin. Sham AFXL will be done by delivering an AFXL pass at 5% density and 2.5 mJ/microbeam right adjacent to the region of AHES or EMLA application on the intact skin. After ten minutes incubation time, an AFXL pass will be given as a pain stimulus at each test region with 5% density and 35 mJ/microbeam. Subjects will be asked to indicate pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0-10 (0: no pain; 10: worst imaginable pain) directly after each pain stimulus.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Factorial
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 1: AFXL + AHES | Experimental | Device: AFXL, Drug: AHESThis test region will be pretreated with a fractional carbon dioxide laser (ablative fractional laser; AFXL) with a 120 μm spot at 5% density and a pulse energy of 2.5 mJ/microbeam, single pulse at t0 in a subject blinded fashion. Articaine hydrochloride 40 mg/ml and epinephrine 10 μg/ml solution (AHES) will be applied at this test region at t1.Ten minutes after AHES application (incubation time; under occlusion), a pain stimulus will be given at t11 to the subject at the test region using AFXL at 5% density and 35 mJ/microbeam. |
| 2: AFXL + EMLA | Experimental | Device: AFXL, Drug: EMLA creamThis test region will be pretreated with a fractional carbon dioxide laser (ablative fractional laser; AFXL) with a 120 μm spot at 5% density and a pulse energy of 2.5 mJ/microbeam, single pulse at t0 in a subject blinded fashion. Eutectic mixture of lidocaine 25 mg/g and prilocaine 25 mg/g cream (EMLA cream) will be applied at this test region at t1.Ten minutes after EMLA cream application (incubation time; under occlusion), a pain stimulus will be given at t11 to the subject at the test region using AFXL at 5% density and 35 mJ/microbeam. |
| 3: Sham AFXL + AHES | Sham comparator | Device: AFXL, Drug: AHESA pass with a fractional carbon dioxide laser with a 120 μm spot at 5% density and a pulse energy of 2.5 mJ/microbeam, single pulse will be given at the area right adjacent to this test region ("sham AFXL") at t0 in a subject blinded fashion. Articaine hydrochloride 40 mg/ml and epinephrine 10 μg/ml solution (AHES) will then be applied at this test region on the intact skin at t1. Ten minutes after AHES application (incubation time; under occlusion), a pain stimulus will be given at t11 to the subject at the test region using AFXL at 5% density and 35 mJ/microbeam. |
| 4: Sham AFXL + EMLA | Sham comparator | Device: AFXL, Drug: EMLA creamA pass with a fractional carbon dioxide laser with a 120 μm spot at 5% density and a pulse energy of 2.5 mJ/microbeam, single pulse will be given at the area right adjacent to this test region ("sham AFXL") at t0 in a subject blinded fashion. Eutectic mixture of lidocaine 25 mg/g and prilocaine 25 mg/g cream (EMLA cream) will then be applied at this test region on the intact skin at t1. Ten minutes after EMLA cream application (incubation time; under occlusion), a pain stimulus will be given at t11 to the subject at the test region using AFXL at 5% density and 35 mJ/microbeam. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Fitzpatrick skin type I or II
- Age ≥18 years
- Patient is willing and able to give written informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- History of keloid or hypertrophic scar formation or complicated wound healing
- Presence of any active skin disease
- Known allergy to local anesthesia
- Pregnancy or lactation
- Incompetency to understand what the procedure involves
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| AFXLAlso: Fractional carbon dioxide laser, Ablative fractional laser, Fractional CO2 laser, UltraPulse®, DeepFx handpiece; Lumenis Inc.Pretreatment at 2.5 mJ/microbeam and 5% density Pain stimulus at 35 mJ/microbeam and 5% density | Device | 1: AFXL + AHES, 2: AFXL + EMLA, 3: Sham AFXL + AHES, 4: Sham AFXL + EMLA |
| AHESAlso: Ultracain D-S forte, articaine hydrochloride 40 mg/ml + epinephrine 10 μg/mlTopical application at test region 1 and 3 under occlusion for 10 minutes | Drug | 1: AFXL + AHES, 3: Sham AFXL + AHES |
| EMLA creamAlso: lidocaine 25 mg/g + prilocaine 25 mg/g creamTopical application at test region 2 and 4 under occlusion for 10 minutes | Drug | 2: AFXL + EMLA, 4: Sham AFXL + EMLA |
Primary outcome
Pain score
Time frame: Directly after pain stimulus. After 10 minutes incubation time of the anesthetics.
The main study parameter is pain, as scored on a VAS from 0-10 (0: no pain; 10: worst imaginable pain) directly after each pain stimulus.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Nov 2014.
- Background: PubMed 20166154Haedersdal M, Sakamoto FH, Farinelli WA, Doukas AG, Tam J, Anderson RR. Fractional CO(2) laser-assisted drug delivery. Lasers Surg Med. 2010 Feb;42(2):113-22. doi: 10.1002/lsm.20860.
- Background: PubMed 23212624Haak CS, Farinelli WA, Tam J, Doukas AG, Anderson RR, Haedersdal M. Fractional laser-assisted delivery of methyl aminolevulinate: Impact of laser channel depth and incubation time. Lasers Surg Med. 2012 Dec;44(10):787-95. doi: 10.1002/lsm.22102. Epub 2012 Dec 4.
- Background: PubMed 22302761Oni G, Brown SA, Kenkel JM. Can fractional lasers enhance transdermal absorption of topical lidocaine in an in vivo animal model? Lasers Surg Med. 2012 Feb;44(2):168-74. doi: 10.1002/lsm.21130. Epub 2012 Feb 2.
- Background: PubMed 23908302Oni G, Rasko Y, Kenkel J. Topical lidocaine enhanced by laser pretreatment: a safe and effective method of analgesia for facial rejuvenation. Aesthet Surg J. 2013 Aug 1;33(6):854-61. doi: 10.1177/1090820X13496248.
- Background: PubMed 22296284Ong MW, Bashir SJ. Fractional laser resurfacing for acne scars: a review. Br J Dermatol. 2012 Jun;166(6):1160-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10870.x. Epub 2012 May 8.
- Background: PubMed 21841477Wolfe JW, Butterworth JF. Local anesthetic systemic toxicity: update on mechanisms and treatment. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2011 Oct;24(5):561-6. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e32834a9394.
- Background: PubMed 14751483Hahn IH, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS. EMLA-induced methemoglobinemia and systemic topical anesthetic toxicity. J Emerg Med. 2004 Jan;26(1):85-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2003.03.003.
- Background: PubMed 14568832Baron ED, Harris L, Redpath WS, Shapiro H, Hetzel F, Morley G, Bar-Or D, Stevens SR. Laser-assisted penetration of topical anesthetic in adults. Arch Dermatol. 2003 Oct;139(10):1288-90. doi: 10.1001/archderm.139.10.1288.
- Background: PubMed 17377092Koh JL, Harrison D, Swanson V, Norvell DC, Coomber DC. A comparison of laser-assisted drug delivery at two output energies for enhancing the delivery of topically applied LMX-4 cream prior to venipuncture. Anesth Analg. 2007 Apr;104(4):847-9. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000257925.36641.9e.
- Background: PubMed 12355570Shapiro H, Harris L, Hetzel FW, Bar-Or D. Laser assisted delivery of topical anesthesia for intramuscular needle insertion in adults. Lasers Surg Med. 2002;31(4):252-6. doi: 10.1002/lsm.10101.
- Background: PubMed 17115384Hantash BM, Bedi VP, Chan KF, Zachary CB. Ex vivo histological characterization of a novel ablative fractional resurfacing device. Lasers Surg Med. 2007 Feb;39(2):87-95. doi: 10.1002/lsm.20405.
- Background: PubMed 23000695Haak CS, Bhayana B, Farinelli WA, Anderson RR, Haedersdal M. The impact of treatment density and molecular weight for fractional laser-assisted drug delivery. J Control Release. 2012 Nov 10;163(3):335-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.09.008. Epub 2012 Sep 21.
Related trials for Local Anesthesia of the Skin.
Not yet recruitingPhase 3
Perioperative Haemostasis, Procedure-Related Pain After Physiological or Pharmacological Modifications of Local Anaesthesia Around the Eyes
Dermatochalasis of Upper Eyelid, Blepharoplasty
Not yet recruiting
Evaluation of the Feasibility of a Study Comparing Local Anesthesia and General Anesthesia in Conservative Surgery for Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer
Active, not recruitingPhase 4
The Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Nerve Blocks for Hand and Wrist Surgery
Hand Surgery, Wrist Surgery
Not yet recruiting
Efficacy of the Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Breast Cancer Surger.(SPSIP) Block is a Novel Regional Anesthesia Technique Targeting the Dorsal Rami and Intercostal Nerves (T2-T6), Providing Sensory Blockade to Both the Posterior and Lateral Aspect
Breast Cancer
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Albert Wolkerstorfer, MD, PhD principal investigator
Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
Menno A. De Rie, MD, PhD study director
Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing AFXL, AHES and EMLA cream in people with Local Anesthesia of the Skin., run by Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders at 1 site in Netherlands.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Nov 2014. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Netherlands. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain score (time frame: Directly after pain stimulus. After 10 minutes incubation time of the anesthetics.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02246179, which also lists 13 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Nov 2014.