Lupus NephritisPhase 4ACTHarNCT02226341
ACTHar in the Treatment of Lupus Nephritis
A Phase 4 study testing CellCept and ACTHar gel in people with Lupus Nephritis, run by Columbia University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a disease in which the immune system attacks the healthy cells and tissues, causing inflammation that can damage organs in the body. About 50% of SLE patients experience inflammation in the kidneys. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 16 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Lupus Nephritis
- What is being tested?
- CellCept and ACTHar gel
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine, Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 8 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Oct 2014to 3 Jan 2024
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 16 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) by American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/SLICC criteria
- Age ≥ 16 years
- Active lupus nephritis defined by:
- Kidney biopsy documentation of International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) Class III or Class IV proliferative nephritis (including Class V occurring in combination with Class III or IV) within 12 months and a urine protein/creatinine ratio >1 at time of entry to study
- Ability to provide informed consent
Who cannot join
- Moderately severe anemia (Hgb < 8 mg/dL)
- Neutropenia (< 1,000/mm3)
- Thrombocytopenia (platelets < 50,000/mm3)
- Positive purified protein derivative (PPD) test confirmed by positive Quantiferon TB gold.
- Pulmonary fibrotic changes on chest radiograph consistent with prior healed tuberculosis
- Active infections that in the opinion of the investigator increase the risks to the subject.
Show all 18Show fewer
- Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B or C
- End-stage renal disease (estimated GFR clearance < 20 mL/min/1.73 m2)
- History of cancer, except carcinoma in situ and treated basal and squamous cell carcinomas
- Pregnancy
- Lactation
- Unwillingness to use a medically acceptable form of birth control (including but not limited to a diaphragm, an intrauterine device, progesterone implants or injections, oral contraceptives, the double-barrier method, or a condom)
- Previous failure to respond to MMF
- Use of rituximab within the past year
- Use of experimental therapeutic agents within the past 60 days
- Greater than or equal to 5 times the upper limit of normal of liver function tests (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], or alkaline phosphatase)
- Severe, progressive, or uncontrolled renal, hepatic, hematological, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, cardiac, or neurological disease (or, in the investigator's opinion, any other concomitant medical condition that places the participant at risk by participating in this study) with the exception of diseases or conditions related to active SLE
- Current substance abuse
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Columbia University - Herbert Irving Pavilion
New York, New York, 10032
About this study
Official title: Open-label Prospective Randomized Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Two Dosing Regimens of ACTHar in the Treatment of Proliferative Lupus Nephritis.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a disease in which the immune system attacks the healthy cells and tissues, causing inflammation that can damage organs in the body. About 50% of SLE patients experience inflammation in the kidneys. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness and safety of two dosing arms of ACTHar gel in treating proliferative Lupus Nephritis (LN). This study hypothesizes that both dosing arms of ACTHar are safe and effective in treating proliferative LN (Class III and IV).
Read the detailed description
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that mainly affects females of childbearing age. The disease is characterized by immune activation and the development of autoantibodies.
About 50% of SLE patients experience inflammation of the kidneys. Lupus Nephritis (LN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with SLE. Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF), accompanied by Prednisone, is considered the current standard of care for LN. However, long-term use of Prednisone has many serious side effects.
ACTHar Gel is an FDA approved drug comprised of an active substance called adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH belongs to an anti-inflammatory group called melanocortins and carries out its effects by binding to five different melanocortin receptors (MCRs). Specifically, ACTH binding to melanocortin 2 receptor subtype (MC2R) on the adrenal cortex stimulates the production of cortisol that reduces inflammation in the kidney. In addition to binding to melanocortin 1-5 receptor subtype (MC1-5R) and acting directly on kidney tissues, ACTH may bind to MCRs on various cell types, such as immune cells, and activate processes to protect the kidney.
This study will evaluate the most effective dose of ACTHar gel in proliferative LN (Class III and IV) when given with MMF, the standard of care LN therapy. The intent of this study is to determine the effectiveness and safety of ACTHar gel in an attempt to change the clinical care requirements regarding steroid use in treating LN.
- Conditions
- Lupus Nephritis
- Being tested
- CellCept, ACTHar gel
- Keywords
- Lupus, Lupus Nephritis, ACTHar, Columbia, Rheumatology, CUMC, Autoimmune, SLE, Proliferative Lupus Nephritis
- Medical subject headings
- Lupus Nephritis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
CellCeptDrug
Also called Mycophenolate Mofetil
For both arms:
CellCept 3 grams daily, oral, from Week 0-24 CellCept 2 grams daily, oral, from Week 25-144
ACTHar gelDrug
Also called ACTHar, H.P. ACTHar Gel, Repository corticotropin
Arm 1: 80 U biw, subcutaneous, for 3 months. Optionally additional 3 months of 80 U biw if a patient has partial response.
Arm 2: 80 U qod, subcutaneous, for 1 month, then 80 U biw, subcutaneous, for 2 months. Optionally additional 3 months of 80 U biw if a patient has partial response.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| CellCept daily & ACTHar gel biw | Active comparator | Patients will be treated with CellCept 3 grams daily and ACTHar gel 80 U biw for 3 months per Aim 1. After 3 months, patients with complete response will stop ACTHar gel but continue CellCept 3 grams daily for another 3 months whereas patients with partial response will continue CellCept 3 grams daily and be offered the option to continue ACTHar 80 U biw for another 3 months. After 6 months, all patients will continue CellCept at a dose of 2 grams daily for another 18 months. Receives: Drug: CellCept; Drug: ACTHar gel |
| CellCept daily & ACTHar gel qod | Active comparator | Patients will be treated with CellCept 3 grams daily for 3 months, and ACTHar gel 80 U qod for the first month and ACTHar gel 80 U biw for the following 2 months per Aim 2. After 3 months, patients with complete response will stop ACTHar gel but continue CellCept 3 grams daily for another 3 months whereas patients with partial response will continue CellCept 3 grams daily and be offered the option to continue ACTHar 80 U biw for another 3 months. After 6 months, all patients will continue CellCept at a dose of 2 grams daily for another 18 months. Receives: Drug: CellCept; Drug: ACTHar gel |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Number of Patients With a Complete Response (CR)
Complete response (CR) is defined as all of the following criteria having been achieved:
- Stabilization of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (i.e., a 6-month eGFR level ± 10% of baseline) or improvement if the screening value is changed from patient's baseline
- Inactive urinary sediment (red blood cells per high-power field [RBCs/HPF] < 5-10, not due to gyn bleeding)
- Urine protein/creatinine ratio < 0.5
Measured: 6 Months
Secondary outcomes (4)
Number of Responders
Responders = Complete Responders (CR) + Partial Responders (PR). PR = improvement from baseline of at least ≥ 50% in all abnormal renal parameters (proteinuria and serum creatinine) without deterioration of any measurements at 6 months
Measured: 6 Months
Number of Patients With Extra-renal Flares
Frequency of extra-renal flares as defined by the SELENA-SLEDAI Flare Index. Extra-renal disease activity measured by SELENA-SLEDAI and BILAG
Measured: 6 Months
Number of Patients With Steroid -Like Side Effects
Steroid -like side effects: increase in blood pressure (BP) by 20 mmHg for both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), increased blood sugar with a fasting plasma glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dl, weight gain ≥ 10% of the initial weight, infections
Measured: 6 Months
Number of Patients With Side Effects
Number of participants who experienced side effects from taking ACTHar
Measured: 6 Months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Aug 2014 (estimated)
- Study startOct 2014
- Primary completion3 Jan 2024
- Study completion3 Jan 2024
Why it stopped: Lack of funding
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Lupus NephritisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Columbia UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 8 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Columbia University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Anca Askanase, Columbia University
- Investigators
- Anca D Askanase, MD, MPH, Principal investigator, Columbia University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02226341
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AAAN4752
- Acronym
- ACTHar
- Status last verified
- Mar 2025
- First submitted
- 25 Aug 2014
- Last updated
- 7 Mar 2025
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Gladman DD, Ibanez D, Urowitz MB. Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000. J Rheumatol. 2002 Feb;29(2):288-91.
PubMed 11838846Lam GK, Petri M. Assessment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2005 Sep-Oct;23(5 Suppl 39):S120-32.
PubMed 16273796Austin HA 3rd, Muenz LR, Joyce KM, Antonovych TT, Balow JE. Diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis: identification of specific pathologic features affecting renal outcome. Kidney Int. 1984 Apr;25(4):689-95. doi: 10.1038/ki.1984.75.
PubMed 6482173Weening JJ, D'Agati VD, Schwartz MM, Seshan SV, Alpers CE, Appel GB, Balow JE, Bruijn JA, Cook T, Ferrario F, Fogo AB, Ginzler EM, Hebert L, Hill G, Hill P, Jennette JC, Kong NC, Lesavre P, Lockshin M, Looi LM, Makino H, Moura LA, Nagata M; International Society of Nephrology Working Group on the Classification of Lupus Nephritis; Renal Pathology Society Working Group on the Classification of Lupus Nephritis. The classification of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revisited. Kidney Int. 2004 Feb;65(2):521-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00443.x.
PubMed 14717922Bomback AS, Canetta PA, Beck LH Jr, Ayalon R, Radhakrishnan J, Appel GB. Treatment of resistant glomerular diseases with adrenocorticotropic hormone gel: a prospective trial. Am J Nephrol. 2012;36(1):58-67. doi: 10.1159/000339287. Epub 2012 Jun 19.
PubMed 22722778Schweitzer EJ, Yoon S, Fink J, Wiland A, Anderson L, Kuo PC, Lim JW, Johnson LB, Farney AC, Weir MR, Bartlett ST. Mycophenolate mofetil reduces the risk of acute rejection less in African-American than in Caucasian kidney recipients. Transplantation. 1998 Jan 27;65(2):242-8. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199801270-00017.
PubMed 9458022Dooley MA, Jayne D, Ginzler EM, Isenberg D, Olsen NJ, Wofsy D, Eitner F, Appel GB, Contreras G, Lisk L, Solomons N; ALMS Group. Mycophenolate versus azathioprine as maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis. N Engl J Med. 2011 Nov 17;365(20):1886-95. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1014460.
PubMed 22087680Belmont HM, Levartovsky D, Goel A, Amin A, Giorno R, Rediske J, Skovron ML, Abramson SB. Increased nitric oxide production accompanied by the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in vascular endothelium from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1997 Oct;40(10):1810-6. doi: 10.1002/art.1780401013.
PubMed 9336415
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Mar 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Open-label Prospective Randomized Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Two Dosing Regimens of ACTHar in the Treatment of Proliferative Lupus Nephritis.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT02226341
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ACTHar / AAAN4752
- Conditions
- Lupus Nephritis
- Keywords
- Lupus, Lupus Nephritis, ACTHar, Columbia, Rheumatology, CUMC, Autoimmune, SLE
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- TerminatedReason stopped: Lack of funding
- Enrolment
- 8 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Columbia UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Oct 2014 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 3 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 3 Jan 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 27 Aug 2014 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 7 Mar 2025
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a disease in which the immune system attacks the healthy cells and tissues, causing inflammation that can damage organs in the body. About 50% of SLE patients experience inflammation in the kidneys. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness and safety of two dosing arms of ACTHar gel in treating proliferative Lupus Nephritis (LN). This study hypothesizes that both dosing arms of ACTHar are safe and effective in treating proliferative LN (Class III and IV).
Detailed description
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that mainly affects females of childbearing age. The disease is characterized by immune activation and the development of autoantibodies.
About 50% of SLE patients experience inflammation of the kidneys. Lupus Nephritis (LN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with SLE. Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF), accompanied by Prednisone, is considered the current standard of care for LN. However, long-term use of Prednisone has many serious side effects.
ACTHar Gel is an FDA approved drug comprised of an active substance called adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH belongs to an anti-inflammatory group called melanocortins and carries out its effects by binding to five different melanocortin receptors (MCRs). Specifically, ACTH binding to melanocortin 2 receptor subtype (MC2R) on the adrenal cortex stimulates the production of cortisol that reduces inflammation in the kidney. In addition to binding to melanocortin 1-5 receptor subtype (MC1-5R) and acting directly on kidney tissues, ACTH may bind to MCRs on various cell types, such as immune cells, and activate processes to protect the kidney.
This study will evaluate the most effective dose of ACTHar gel in proliferative LN (Class III and IV) when given with MMF, the standard of care LN therapy. The intent of this study is to determine the effectiveness and safety of ACTHar gel in an attempt to change the clinical care requirements regarding steroid use in treating LN.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| CellCept daily & ACTHar gel biw | Active comparator | Drug: CellCept, Drug: ACTHar gelPatients will be treated with CellCept 3 grams daily and ACTHar gel 80 U biw for 3 months per Aim 1. After 3 months, patients with complete response will stop ACTHar gel but continue CellCept 3 grams daily for another 3 months whereas patients with partial response will continue CellCept 3 grams daily and be offered the option to continue ACTHar 80 U biw for another 3 months. After 6 months, all patients will continue CellCept at a dose of 2 grams daily for another 18 months. |
| CellCept daily & ACTHar gel qod | Active comparator | Drug: CellCept, Drug: ACTHar gelPatients will be treated with CellCept 3 grams daily for 3 months, and ACTHar gel 80 U qod for the first month and ACTHar gel 80 U biw for the following 2 months per Aim 2. After 3 months, patients with complete response will stop ACTHar gel but continue CellCept 3 grams daily for another 3 months whereas patients with partial response will continue CellCept 3 grams daily and be offered the option to continue ACTHar 80 U biw for another 3 months. After 6 months, all patients will continue CellCept at a dose of 2 grams daily for another 18 months. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 16 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) by American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/SLICC criteria
- Age ≥ 16 years
- Active lupus nephritis defined by:
- Ability to provide informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (18 listed)
- Moderately severe anemia (Hgb < 8 mg/dL)
- Neutropenia (< 1,000/mm3)
- Thrombocytopenia (platelets < 50,000/mm3)
- Positive purified protein derivative (PPD) test confirmed by positive Quantiferon TB gold.
- Pulmonary fibrotic changes on chest radiograph consistent with prior healed tuberculosis
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| CellCeptAlso: Mycophenolate MofetilFor both arms: CellCept 3 grams daily, oral, from Week 0-24 CellCept 2 grams daily, oral, from Week 25-144 | Drug | CellCept daily & ACTHar gel biw, CellCept daily & ACTHar gel qod |
| ACTHar gelAlso: ACTHar, H.P. ACTHar Gel, Repository corticotropinArm 1: 80 U biw, subcutaneous, for 3 months. Optionally additional 3 months of 80 U biw if a patient has partial response. Arm 2: 80 U qod, subcutaneous, for 1 month, then 80 U biw, subcutaneous, for 2 months. Optionally additional 3 months of 80 U biw if a patient has partial response. | Drug | CellCept daily & ACTHar gel biw, CellCept daily & ACTHar gel qod |
Primary outcome
Number of Patients With a Complete Response (CR)
Time frame: 6 Months
Complete response (CR) is defined as all of the following criteria having been achieved: 1. Stabilization of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (i.e., a 6-month eGFR level ± 10% of baseline) or improvement if the screening value is changed from patient's baseline 2. Inactive urinary sediment (red blood cells per high-power field [RBCs/HPF] < 5-10, not due to gyn bleeding) 3. Urine protein/creatinine ratio < 0.5
4 secondary outcomes
Number of Responders
Time frame: 6 Months
Number of Patients With Extra-renal Flares
Time frame: 6 Months
Number of Patients With Steroid -Like Side Effects
Time frame: 6 Months
Number of Patients With Side Effects
Time frame: 6 Months
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Mar 2025.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 11838846Gladman DD, Ibanez D, Urowitz MB. Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000. J Rheumatol. 2002 Feb;29(2):288-91.
- Background: PubMed 16273796Lam GK, Petri M. Assessment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2005 Sep-Oct;23(5 Suppl 39):S120-32.
- Background: PubMed 6482173Austin HA 3rd, Muenz LR, Joyce KM, Antonovych TT, Balow JE. Diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis: identification of specific pathologic features affecting renal outcome. Kidney Int. 1984 Apr;25(4):689-95. doi: 10.1038/ki.1984.75.
- Background: PubMed 14717922Weening JJ, D'Agati VD, Schwartz MM, Seshan SV, Alpers CE, Appel GB, Balow JE, Bruijn JA, Cook T, Ferrario F, Fogo AB, Ginzler EM, Hebert L, Hill G, Hill P, Jennette JC, Kong NC, Lesavre P, Lockshin M, Looi LM, Makino H, Moura LA, Nagata M; International Society of Nephrology Working Group on the Classification of Lupus Nephritis; Renal Pathology Society Working Group on the Classification of Lupus Nephritis. The classification of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revisited. Kidney Int. 2004 Feb;65(2):521-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00443.x.
- Background: PubMed 22722778Bomback AS, Canetta PA, Beck LH Jr, Ayalon R, Radhakrishnan J, Appel GB. Treatment of resistant glomerular diseases with adrenocorticotropic hormone gel: a prospective trial. Am J Nephrol. 2012;36(1):58-67. doi: 10.1159/000339287. Epub 2012 Jun 19.
- Background: PubMed 9458022Schweitzer EJ, Yoon S, Fink J, Wiland A, Anderson L, Kuo PC, Lim JW, Johnson LB, Farney AC, Weir MR, Bartlett ST. Mycophenolate mofetil reduces the risk of acute rejection less in African-American than in Caucasian kidney recipients. Transplantation. 1998 Jan 27;65(2):242-8. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199801270-00017.
- Background: PubMed 22087680Dooley MA, Jayne D, Ginzler EM, Isenberg D, Olsen NJ, Wofsy D, Eitner F, Appel GB, Contreras G, Lisk L, Solomons N; ALMS Group. Mycophenolate versus azathioprine as maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis. N Engl J Med. 2011 Nov 17;365(20):1886-95. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1014460.
- Background: PubMed 9336415Belmont HM, Levartovsky D, Goel A, Amin A, Giorno R, Rediske J, Skovron ML, Abramson SB. Increased nitric oxide production accompanied by the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in vascular endothelium from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1997 Oct;40(10):1810-6. doi: 10.1002/art.1780401013.
- CUMC Rheumatology Research WebsiteLink provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Anca D Askanase, MD, MPH principal investigator
Columbia University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing CellCept and ACTHar gel in people with Lupus Nephritis, run by Columbia University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 18 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: stopped early, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Mar 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 7 Mar 2025). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Number of Patients With a Complete Response (CR) (time frame: 6 Months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02226341, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Mar 2025.