Type 2 DiabetesPhase 2NCT01967992
Examining the Effects of Diet on Health With an Online Program
A Phase 2 study testing Behavioral: Low Carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet, American Diabetes Association Diet and Mindfulness and Positive Affect Skills in people with Type 2 Diabetes, run by University of California, San Francisco at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The study is a pilot, designed to provide data regarding the feasibility and acceptability of conducting such a study on a larger scale. The present study is a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing two programs to help people manage diabetes and lose weight, one using a moderate-carbohydrate diet promoted by… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 100 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Type 2 Diabetes
- What is being tested?
- Behavioral: Low Carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet, American Diabetes Association Diet and Mindfulness and Positive Affect Skills
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 25 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Oct 2013to Jun 2015
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 100 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- HbA1c 6.5%-9% at screening.
- Aged 18 years old and older
- BMI 25 and above.
- Willing and able to participate in the interventions such as having sufficient control over their food intake. Must have the ability to make choices about the food they eat; cannot have a lifestyle in which they eat out most of their meals.)
Who cannot join
- Unable to provide informed consent.
- Non English speaker.
- No current use of insulin, no immediate plans to start or increase diabetic mediations, and no use of diabetes medications besides metformin.
- A substance abuse, mental health, or medical condition that, in the opinion of investigators, will make it difficult for the potential participant to participate in the intervention. Such conditions may include: cancer, liver failure, unstable coronary artery disease, severe emphysema, binge eating disorder or history of binge eating disorder, bulimia or strong history of bulimia.
- Previous use or recent changes in medications that can interfere with the measures used in the study: current use of insulin; use of systemic (oral or IV) corticosteroids in the 6 months prior to enrollment or severe autoimmune disorders or other conditions (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, lupus), that are likely to require these medications; and initiation of new class of psychiatric medications in past 2 months.
- Pregnant or planning to get pregnant in the next 12 months, breastfeeding or less than 6 months post-partum.
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- Current use of weight loss medications or supplements such as Alli or amphetamine-based drugs that are believed to have some effect on weight.
- History of or planned weight loss surgery.
- Vegan or vegetarian. The intervention diets are more challenging for vegan and vegetarian participants.
- No or very limited internet access at a computer. Must be able to complete the online assessments and access the online class materials.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California, 94115
About this study
The study is a pilot, designed to provide data regarding the feasibility and acceptability of conducting such a study on a larger scale. The present study is a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing two programs to help people manage diabetes and lose weight, one using a moderate-carbohydrate diet promoted by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the other using on a low-carbohydrate diet (LC) and mindfulness and positive affect lifestyle modifications. Intervention content will include information about nutrition (American Diabetes Association recommended diet or carbohydrate restriction) and, in the LC group, emotion regulation, positive affect, and mindful eating strategies.
Read the detailed description
Approximately individuals with type 2 diabetes will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to treatment groups. Classes will occur online. Participants will be evaluated at 0, 16, and 32 weeks. Our main outcome of interest is HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin, a measure indicative of blood glucose levels and tied to diabetes severity).
- Conditions
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Being tested
- Behavioral: Low Carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet, American Diabetes Association Diet, Mindfulness and Positive Affect Skills
- Keywords
- diabetes, obesity, mindful eating, positive affect, low carbohydrate, ketogenic, diet
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Behavioral: Low Carbohydrate, Ketogenic DietBehavioural
American Diabetes Association DietBehavioural
Mindfulness and Positive Affect SkillsBehavioural
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| American Diabetes Association recommended diet | Active comparator | Participants in the American Diabetes Association (ADA) diet group will receive standard ADA advice. The diet includes high-fiber foods (such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes), low-fat dairy products, fresh fish, and foods low in saturated fat. They will be asked to use the "plate method" to guide their nutritional choices. Receives: Behavioral: American Diabetes Association Diet |
| Low Carbohydrate Diet | Experimental | Participants will be instructed to follow a low carbohydrate, ketogenic diet: carbohydrate intake 20-35 grams a day not including fiber. Foods permitted include: meats, poultry, fish, eggs, cheese, cream, some nuts and seeds, green leafy vegetables, and most other non-starchy vegetables. Because most individuals self-limit caloric intake, no calorie restriction will be recommended.
Participants will also be taught information about mindfulness and positive affect practices. The mindfulness-based curriculum will focus on the following elements: training on topics such as mindful meditation, mindful eating, awareness of fullness and hunger signals, and taste satiety. The positive emotion curriculum will include: training on topics such as noticing and savoring positive events, gratitude, positive reappraisal, personal strengths, attainable goals, and acts of kindness. Receives: Behavioral: Behavioral: Low Carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet; Behavioral: Mindfulness and Positive Affect Skills |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Hemoglobin A1c
We will test whether Hemoglobin A1c changes from pre-intervention to 16 weeks. The key outcome measure will compare the two groups, but we will also assess whether statistically significant changes occur within groups from pre-intervention to 16 weeks.
Measured: baseline to 16 weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
Hemoglobin A1c
We will test whether Hemoglobin A1c changes from pre-intervention to 32 weeks. The key outcome measure will compare the two groups, but we will also assess whether statistically significant changes occur within groups from pre-intervention to 32 weeks.
Measured: baseline to 32 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Oct 2013 (estimated)
- Study startOct 2013
- Primary completionJun 2015
- Study completionJun 2015
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Type 2 DiabetesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of California, San FranciscoThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 25 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, San Francisco
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Laura R Saslow, PhD, Principal investigator, University of MichiganRick Hecht, MD, Principal investigator, University of California, San Francisco
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01967992
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 13-11813
- Status last verified
- Oct 2015
- First submitted
- 18 Oct 2013
- Last updated
- 14 Oct 2015
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Saslow LR, Mason AE, Kim S, Goldman V, Ploutz-Snyder R, Bayandorian H, Daubenmier J, Hecht FM, Moskowitz JT. An Online Intervention Comparing a Very Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations Versus a Plate Method Diet in Overweight Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2017 Feb 13;19(2):e36. doi: 10.2196/jmir.5806.
PubMed 28193599
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Oct 2015. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Examining the Effects of Diet on Health With an Online Program
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01967992
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 13-11813
- Conditions
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Keywords
- diabetes, obesity, mindful eating, positive affect, low carbohydrate, ketogenic, diet
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 25 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, San FranciscoUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Oct 2013
- Primary completion
- Jun 2015 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jun 2015 (actual)
- First posted
- 23 Oct 2013 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The study is a pilot, designed to provide data regarding the feasibility and acceptability of conducting such a study on a larger scale. The present study is a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing two programs to help people manage diabetes and lose weight, one using a moderate-carbohydrate diet promoted by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the other using on a low-carbohydrate diet (LC) and mindfulness and positive affect lifestyle modifications. Intervention content will include information about nutrition (American Diabetes Association recommended diet or carbohydrate restriction) and, in the LC group, emotion regulation, positive affect, and mindful eating strategies.
Detailed description
Approximately individuals with type 2 diabetes will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to treatment groups. Classes will occur online. Participants will be evaluated at 0, 16, and 32 weeks. Our main outcome of interest is HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin, a measure indicative of blood glucose levels and tied to diabetes severity).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| American Diabetes Association recommended diet | Active comparator | Behavioral: American Diabetes Association DietParticipants in the American Diabetes Association (ADA) diet group will receive standard ADA advice. The diet includes high-fiber foods (such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes), low-fat dairy products, fresh fish, and foods low in saturated fat. They will be asked to use the "plate method" to guide their nutritional choices. |
| Low Carbohydrate Diet | Experimental | Behavioral: Behavioral: Low Carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet, Behavioral: Mindfulness and Positive Affect SkillsParticipants will be instructed to follow a low carbohydrate, ketogenic diet: carbohydrate intake 20-35 grams a day not including fiber. Foods permitted include: meats, poultry, fish, eggs, cheese, cream, some nuts and seeds, green leafy vegetables, and most other non-starchy vegetables. Because most individuals self-limit caloric intake, no calorie restriction will be recommended. Participants will also be taught information about mindfulness and positive affect practices. The mindfulness-based curriculum will focus on the following elements: training on topics such as mindful meditation, mindful eating, awareness of fullness and hunger signals, and taste satiety. The positive emotion curriculum will include: training on topics such as noticing and savoring positive events, gratitude, positive reappraisal, personal strengths, attainable goals, and acts of kindness. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 100 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- HbA1c 6.5%-9% at screening.
- Aged 18 years old and older
- BMI 25 and above.
- Willing and able to participate in the interventions such as having sufficient control over their food intake. Must have the ability to make choices about the food they eat; cannot have a lifestyle in which they eat out most of their meals.)
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- Unable to provide informed consent.
- Non English speaker.
- No current use of insulin, no immediate plans to start or increase diabetic mediations, and no use of diabetes medications besides metformin.
- A substance abuse, mental health, or medical condition that, in the opinion of investigators, will make it difficult for the potential participant to participate in the intervention. Such conditions may include: cancer, liver failure, unstable coronary artery disease, severe emphysema, binge eating disorder or history of binge eating disorder, bulimia or strong history of bulimia.
- Previous use or recent changes in medications that can interfere with the measures used in the study: current use of insulin; use of systemic (oral or IV) corticosteroids in the 6 months prior to enrollment or severe autoimmune disorders or other conditions (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, lupus), that are likely to require these medications; and initiation of new class of psychiatric medications in past 2 months.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Behavioral: Low Carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet | Behavioural | Low Carbohydrate Diet |
| American Diabetes Association Diet | Behavioural | American Diabetes Association recommended diet |
| Mindfulness and Positive Affect Skills | Behavioural | Low Carbohydrate Diet |
Primary outcome
Hemoglobin A1c
Time frame: baseline to 16 weeks
We will test whether Hemoglobin A1c changes from pre-intervention to 16 weeks. The key outcome measure will compare the two groups, but we will also assess whether statistically significant changes occur within groups from pre-intervention to 16 weeks.
1 secondary outcome
Hemoglobin A1c
Time frame: baseline to 32 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Oct 2015.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28193599Saslow LR, Mason AE, Kim S, Goldman V, Ploutz-Snyder R, Bayandorian H, Daubenmier J, Hecht FM, Moskowitz JT. An Online Intervention Comparing a Very Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations Versus a Plate Method Diet in Overweight Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2017 Feb 13;19(2):e36. doi: 10.2196/jmir.5806.
- recruitment website for studyLink provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Laura R Saslow, PhD principal investigator
University of Michigan
Rick Hecht, MD principal investigator
University of California, San Francisco
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Behavioral: Low Carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet, American Diabetes Association Diet and Mindfulness and Positive Affect Skills in people with Type 2 Diabetes, run by University of California, San Francisco at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Oct 2015. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Hemoglobin A1c (time frame: baseline to 16 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01967992, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Oct 2015.