DiabetesNCT01936935
Clinical Trial to Assess the Effects of Dairy on Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function
A study testing Low-fat dairy and Sugar-sweetened beverages in people with Diabetes, run by Provident Clinical Research at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The aim of this trial is to evaluate the effects of dairy product consumption on insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function in men and women at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who habitually consume beverages high in sugar (non-diet sodas and fruit juice cocktails). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 74 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Diabetes
- What is being tested?
- Low-fat dairy and Sugar-sweetened beverages
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 44 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Sep 2012to Sep 2013
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 74 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- subject is male or female, 18-74 yrs of age, inclusive
- subject reports habitual consumption of ≥2 servings/d of high-sugar beverages (e.g., non-diet soda, fruit juice cocktails)
- subject has waist circumference ≥33.0 inches for women and ≥36.0 inches for men
- subject is at risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), based on 1 or more of the following: fasting glucose 100-125 mg/dL; glycosylated hemoglobin 5.7-6.4%, or ≥20% risk of developing diabetes in the next 7.5 yrs based on the San Antonio Heart Study prediction equation
- subject has a score of 7-10 on the Vein Access Scale at screening
- subject is normally active and judged to be in good health on the basis of medical history, physical examination and routine lab tests
Show all 15Show fewer
- if female, subject is willing to schedule treatment visits during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, defined as days 1-14, where day 1 is 1st day of menses
- subject has a menstrual cycle duration ranging in length form 24-36 d (if premenopausal)
- subject is willing to maintain a stable body weight and follow his/her habitual diet and exercise pattern, except for inclusion of study product, throughout the trial
- subject is willing to maintain his or her habitual intake of coffee, tea, and alcoholic beverages throughout the trial
- subject agrees to limit intake of non-study related dairy products to ≤1 serving per day during each treatment period
- subject is ambulatory and willing to refrain from vigorous physical activity and consumption of alcoholic beverages 24 h prior to each test day
- subject has no plans to change smoking habits during the study period
- subject is willing to abstain from tobacco use 1 h prior to and during visits on LMTT test days
- subject has no health conditions that would prevent him/her from fulfilling the study requirements as judged by the Investigator on the basis of medical history and routine lab test results
Who cannot join
- subject has abnormal lab test results of clinical importance, including, but not limited to, TG ≥400 mg/dL, fasting creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL, alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase ≥1.5 times the upper limit of normal at screening
- subject has a body mass index ≥45.0 kg/m2
- subject has fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL at screening or known diabetes mellitus (type 1 or T2DM)
- subject has a habitual intake of ≥4 servings/d of dairy food and beverages
- subject has known allergy or sensitivity to study product or any ingredients of study product. Subjects with lactose intolerance will be allowed to use products such as Lactaid dietary supplements
- subject has a history of coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, or serious ventricular dysrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation)
Show all 18Show fewer
- subject has a change in body weight of >4.5 kg within 4 weeks of screening
- subject uses medications known to influence carbohydrate metabolism
- subject has recent use of antibiotics
- subject has an active infection
- subject has unstable use of anti-hypertensive medications, thyroid hormone replacement, or lipid-altering drugs within 4 weeks of screening
- subject has unstable use of lipid-altering foods or dietary supplements within 4 weeks of screening
- subject uses niacin at doses >200 mg/d within 4 weeks of screening
- subject has history of extreme dietary habits, e.g., Atkins, high protein
- subject has a history or presence of clinically important endocrine, cardiac, renal, hepatic, pulmonary, biliary, pancreatic, gastrointestinal, or neurologic disorders that could interfere with interpretation of study results
- subject has history of dysphagia, swallowing disorders, or intestinal motility disorders
- subject has history of cancer
- subject has uncontrolled hypertension at screening (systolic blood pressure ≥160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mm Hg)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Provident Clinical Research (now Biofortis)
Addison, Illinois, 60101
About this study
Official title: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial to Assess the Effects of Dairy Intake on Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function in Men and Women at Risk for Diabetes Who Are Habitual Consumers of High Sugar Beverages
The aim of this trial is to evaluate the effects of dairy product consumption on insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function in men and women at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who habitually consume beverages high in sugar (non-diet sodas and fruit juice cocktails).
- Conditions
- Diabetes
- Being tested
- Low-fat dairy, Sugar-sweetened beverages
- Keywords
- Insulin sensitivity
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Resistance
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Low-fat dairyOther
2 servings/d of 2% non-flavored, unsweetened milk + 1 serving/d sweetened low-fat yogurt
Sugar-sweetened beveragesOther
2 servings/d of non-diet soda + 1 serving/d of non-dairy pudding
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Low-fat dairy | Experimental | 3 servings/d of low-fat dairy Receives: Other: Low-fat dairy |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages | Placebo comparator | 3 servings/d of sugar-sweetened foods Receives: Other: Sugar-sweetened beverages |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index (MISI)
MISI calculated from glucose and insulin data obtained during a liquid meal tolerance test (LMTT). MISI = 10,000 divided by the square root of the quantity of fasting glucose x fasting insulin x mean post-load glucose from samples collected at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the start of the liquid meal x mean post-load insulin from samples collected at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the start of the liquid meal
Measured: 6 weeks
Secondary outcomes (18)
Waist circumference
Measured using a non-stretch anthropometric tape
Measured: 6 weeks
Blood pressure
Standardized vital signs measurements will include resting blood pressure and pulse measured using an automated blood pressure measurement device.
Measured: 6 weeks
Fasting and 2-hr LMTT insulin and glucose concentrations
During the LMTT subjects consume a liquid meal load (two-8 oz servings of Ensure®, Ross Products Division, Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio), and blood samples will be obtained at t = -10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min ± 5 min where t = 0 min is the start of meal consumption. Serum insulin and plasma glucose concentrations will be measured in fasting (-10 min) and 2 hr (120 min) samples.
Measured: 6 weeks
Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)
HOMA-IR = the quantity of fasting glucose in mg/dL x fasting insulin in microunits/mL divided by 405
Measured: 6 weeks
Homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA%B)
HOMA%B = 360 x fasting insulin in microunits/mL divided by fasting glucose in mg/dL minus 63
Measured: 6 weeks
Glucose total area under the curve (AUC) from 0-120 min
Glucose total AUC 0-120 min will be calculated using the trapezoidal rule on glucose concentrations in blood samples collected at -10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min where 0 min is the start of the liquid meal consumption in the LMTT.
Measured: 6 weeks
Insulin total AUC 0-120 min
Insulin total AUC 0-120 min will be calculated using the trapezoidal rule on insulin concentrations in blood samples collected at -10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min where 0 min is the start of the liquid meal consumption in the LMTT.
Measured: 6 weeks
30 min Δ insulin/Δ glucose
Change in insulin from baseline to 30 min of the LMTT will be divided by the change in glucose from baseline to 30 min of the LMTT
Measured: 6 weeks
AUC insulin/AUC glucose
AUC for insulin divided by the AUC for glucose
Measured: 6 weeks
Disposition Index
Disposition index = MISI x the quantity of AUC for insulin divided by the AUC for glucose
Measured: 6 weeks
Fasting plasma total cholesterol (total-C)
Measured: 6 weeks
Fasting plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)
Calculated as LDL-C = total-C minus HDL-C minus the quantity of triglycerides (TG) divided by 5
Measured: 6 weeks
Fasting plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)
Measured: 6 weeks
Fasting plasma total-C/HDL-C
Calculated as total-C concentration divided by HDL-C concentration
Measured: 6 weeks
Fasting plasma non-HDL-C
Calculated as non-HDL-C = total-C minus HDL-C
Measured: 6 weeks
Fasting plasma TG
Measured: 6 weeks
Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D]
Measured: 6 weeks
Plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)
Measured: 6 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Sep 2013 (estimated)
- Study startSep 2012
- Primary completionSep 2013
- Study completionSep 2013
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for DiabetesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Provident Clinical Research
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- BioFortis, Dairy Research Institute
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Kevin C Maki, PhD, Study director, Biofortis Clinical Research, Inc.
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01936935
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PRV-1222
- Status last verified
- Sep 2013
- First submitted
- 3 Sep 2013
- Last updated
- 4 Dec 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Maki KC, Nieman KM, Schild AL, Kaden VN, Lawless AL, Kelley KM, Rains TM. Sugar-sweetened product consumption alters glucose homeostasis compared with dairy product consumption in men and women at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Nutr. 2015 Mar;145(3):459-66. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.204503. Epub 2015 Jan 7.
PubMed 25733460
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Dec 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial to Assess the Effects of Dairy Intake on Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function in Men and Women at Risk for Diabetes Who Are Habitual Consumers of High Sugar Beverages
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01936935
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PRV-1222
- Conditions
- Diabetes
- Keywords
- Insulin sensitivity
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Provident Clinical ResearchUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- BioFortis, Dairy Research Institute
- Study start
- Sep 2012 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Sep 2013 (actual)
- Study completion
- Sep 2013 (actual)
- First posted
- 6 Sep 2013 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this trial is to evaluate the effects of dairy product consumption on insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function in men and women at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who habitually consume beverages high in sugar (non-diet sodas and fruit juice cocktails).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Low-fat dairy | Experimental | Other: Low-fat dairy3 servings/d of low-fat dairy |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages | Placebo comparator | Other: Sugar-sweetened beverages3 servings/d of sugar-sweetened foods |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 74 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (15 listed)
- subject is male or female, 18-74 yrs of age, inclusive
- subject reports habitual consumption of ≥2 servings/d of high-sugar beverages (e.g., non-diet soda, fruit juice cocktails)
- subject has waist circumference ≥33.0 inches for women and ≥36.0 inches for men
- subject is at risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), based on 1 or more of the following: fasting glucose 100-125 mg/dL; glycosylated hemoglobin 5.7-6.4%, or ≥20% risk of developing diabetes in the next 7.5 yrs based on the San Antonio Heart Study prediction equation
- subject has a score of 7-10 on the Vein Access Scale at screening
Key exclusion criteria (18 listed)
- subject has abnormal lab test results of clinical importance, including, but not limited to, TG ≥400 mg/dL, fasting creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL, alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase ≥1.5 times the upper limit of normal at screening
- subject has a body mass index ≥45.0 kg/m2
- subject has fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL at screening or known diabetes mellitus (type 1 or T2DM)
- subject has a habitual intake of ≥4 servings/d of dairy food and beverages
- subject has known allergy or sensitivity to study product or any ingredients of study product. Subjects with lactose intolerance will be allowed to use products such as Lactaid dietary supplements
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Low-fat dairy2 servings/d of 2% non-flavored, unsweetened milk + 1 serving/d sweetened low-fat yogurt | Other | Low-fat dairy |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages2 servings/d of non-diet soda + 1 serving/d of non-dairy pudding | Other | Sugar-sweetened beverages |
Primary outcome
Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index (MISI)
Time frame: 6 weeks
MISI calculated from glucose and insulin data obtained during a liquid meal tolerance test (LMTT). MISI = 10,000 divided by the square root of the quantity of fasting glucose x fasting insulin x mean post-load glucose from samples collected at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the start of the liquid meal x mean post-load insulin from samples collected at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the start of the liquid meal
18 secondary outcomes
Waist circumference
Time frame: 6 weeks
Blood pressure
Time frame: 6 weeks
Fasting and 2-hr LMTT insulin and glucose concentrations
Time frame: 6 weeks
Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA%B)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Glucose total area under the curve (AUC) from 0-120 min
Time frame: 6 weeks
Insulin total AUC 0-120 min
Time frame: 6 weeks
30 min Δ insulin/Δ glucose
Time frame: 6 weeks
AUC insulin/AUC glucose
Time frame: 6 weeks
Disposition Index
Time frame: 6 weeks
Fasting plasma total cholesterol (total-C)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Fasting plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Fasting plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Fasting plasma total-C/HDL-C
Time frame: 6 weeks
Fasting plasma non-HDL-C
Time frame: 6 weeks
Fasting plasma TG
Time frame: 6 weeks
Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D]
Time frame: 6 weeks
Plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)
Time frame: 6 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Dec 2023.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 25733460Maki KC, Nieman KM, Schild AL, Kaden VN, Lawless AL, Kelley KM, Rains TM. Sugar-sweetened product consumption alters glucose homeostasis compared with dairy product consumption in men and women at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Nutr. 2015 Mar;145(3):459-66. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.204503. Epub 2015 Jan 7.
Related trials for Diabetes
Not yet recruitingPhase 3
Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly SHR-3167 Compared With Once-Daily Insulin Glargine in Adults With Insulin-Naive Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Active, not recruiting
Digital Reinforcement of Motivational Interviewing Micro-Skills Among Primary Care Healthcare Professionals
Hypertension (Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus)
Recruiting
Effects of Lean Pork Loin Intake on Protein Homeostasis and Glucose Regulation in Prediabetic Adults
Hyperglycaemia (Non Diabetic), Prediabetes
Recruiting
PAW-Hydrogel for Chronic Wound Healing
Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU), Pressure Ulcer (PU)
Recruiting
Investigating Vascular Properties of HEMI and SPG Signals in Individuals With or at Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension (HTN)
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Kevin C Maki, PhD study director
Biofortis Clinical Research, Inc.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Low-fat dairy and Sugar-sweetened beverages in people with Diabetes, run by Provident Clinical Research at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 15 inclusion and 18 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Dec 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index (MISI) (time frame: 6 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01936935, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Dec 2023.