Fall Risk FactorsNCT01906034
Effects of a Fall Preventive Exercise Program on Intrinsic Fall Risk Factors in Healthy Older Adults.
A study testing Exercise with supervision and Home-based without supervision in people with Fall Risk Factors and Fall Prevention, run by University of Potsdam at 1 site in Germany.
Trial summary
Background With increasing age neuromuscular deficits (e.g., sarcopenia) may result in impaired physical performance and an increased risk for falls. Prominent intrinsic fall-risk factors are age-related decreases in balance and strength / power performance as well as cognitive decline. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 65 to 80 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Fall Risk Factors, Fall Prevention
- What is being tested?
- Exercise with supervision and Home-based without supervision
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 66 participants
- Where
- 1 siteGermany
- Study dates
- Sep 2013to Nov 2014
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 65 to 80 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Older adult
Who may be able to join
- 65-80 years old
- must be able to accomplish the tests and the training
- must be able to walk independently
Who cannot join
- neurological diseases: Alzheimer´s disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson etc.
- cardiovascular diseases: coronary heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias etc.
- artificial knee- hip-joint in the last six months
- regular participation in strength and/or balance training programs
- acute injuries impairing the tests
- disturbances of balance
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Germany1 site
University of Potsdam, Department of Training and Movement Sciences
Potsdam, 14469
About this study
Background With increasing age neuromuscular deficits (e.g., sarcopenia) may result in impaired physical performance and an increased risk for falls. Prominent intrinsic fall-risk factors are age-related decreases in balance and strength / power performance as well as cognitive decline. Additional studies are needed to develop specifically tailored exercise programs for older adults that can easily be implemented into clinical practice. Thus, the objective of the present trial is to assess the effects of a fall prevention program that was developed by an interdisciplinary expert panel on measures of balance, strength / power, body composition, cognition, psychosocial well-being, and falls self-efficacy in healthy older adults. Additionally, the time-related effects of detraining are tested.
Methods/Design Healthy old people (N = 66) between the age of 65 to 80 years will participate in this trial. The testing protocol comprises tests for the assessment of static / dynamic steady-state balance (i.e., Sharpened Romberg Test, instrumented gait analysis), proactive balance (i.e., Functional Reach Test; Timed Up and Go Test), reactive balance (i.e., perturbation test during bipedal stance; Push and Release Test), strength (i.e., hand grip strength test; Chair Stand Test), and power (i.e., Stair Climb Power Test). Further, body composition will be analysed using a bioelectrical impedance analysis system. In addition, questionnaires for the assessment of psychosocial (i.e., World Health Organisation Quality of Life Assessment-Bref), cognitive (i.e., Mini Mental State Examination), and fall risk determinants (i.e., Fall Efficacy Scale - International) will be included in the study protocol. Participants will be randomized into two intervention groups or the control / waiting group. After baseline measures, participants in the intervention groups will conduct a 12-week balance and strength / power exercise intervention 3 times per week, with each training session lasting 30 min (without warm-up and cool-down). One intervention group will complete a supervised training program (2x supervised training per week / 1x home training per week), while the other intervention group will complete a training after the same protocol that is home-based (3x home training per week) and controlled by phone calls every two weeks. Post-tests will be conducted right after the intervention period. Additionally, detraining effects will be measured 12 weeks after program cessation. The control group / waiting group will not participate in any specific intervention during the experimental period, but will receive the extensive supervised program after the experimental period.
Discussion It is expected that particularly the supervised combination of balance and strength / power training will improve performance in variables of balance, strength / power, body composition, cognitive function, psychosocial well-being, and falls self-efficacy of older adults. In addition, information regarding fall risk assessment, detraining effects, and supervision of training will be provided. Further, training-induced health-relevant changes, such as improved performance in activities of daily living, cognitive function, and quality of life, as well as a reduced risk for falls may help to lower costs in the health care system. Finally, practitioners, therapists, and instructors will be provided with a scientifically evaluated, feasible, safe, and easy-to-administer exercise program for fall prevention.
- Conditions
- Fall Risk Factors, Fall Prevention
- Being tested
- Exercise with supervision, Home-based without supervision
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Exercise with supervisionBehavioural
Home-based without supervisionBehavioural
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise with supervision | Experimental | The expert panel selected balance and strength / power exercises which can be performed with one's own bodyweight or with the help of small, low-cost exercise equipment (i.e., small weights, resistance bands, unstable surfaces). In this study, intensity during training will be regulated using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale (i.e., 6-20 points, maximal exertion at 20 points). According to the individual fitness level, exercises should be performed with a perceived exertion between 12 and 16 points (somewhat hard - hard) during balance and strength / power training. Exercise intensity will be progressed individually using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and varying the balance and strength / power exercises in order to sufficiently stimulate the neuromuscular system. Strength / power exercises will be progressed from single to multiple joint, isometric to dynamic muscle contraction, short to long lever arm and slow to fast exercises. Receives: Behavioral: Exercise with supervision |
| Home-based without supervision | Experimental | The expert panel selected balance and strength / power exercises which can be performed with one's own bodyweight or with the help of small, low-cost exercise equipment (i.e., small weights, resistance bands, unstable surfaces). In this study, intensity during training will be regulated using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale (i.e., 6-20 points, maximal exertion at 20 points). According to the individual fitness level, exercises should be performed with a perceived exertion between 12 and 16 points (somewhat hard - hard) during balance and strength / power training. Exercise intensity will be progressed individually using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and varying the balance and strength / power exercises in order to sufficiently stimulate the neuromuscular system. Strength / power exercises will be progressed from single to multiple joint, isometric to dynamic muscle contraction, short to long lever arm and slow to fast exercises. Receives: Behavioral: Home-based without supervision |
| control group | No intervention | The control group is a traditional waiting group and will receive a supervised training program after the completion of this study |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Balance Performance, Strength / Power Performance
Measured: pre, post (12 weeks) and follow-up (24 weeks)
Secondary outcomes (1)
cognitive status, psychosocial health, falls efficacy
Measured: pre, post (12 weeks) and follow-up (24 weeks)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Jul 2013 (estimated)
- Study startSep 2013
- Primary completionNov 2014
- Study completionNov 2014
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (14)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Fall Risk FactorsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 66 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Potsdam
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Swiss Council for Accident Prevention, Prof. Dr. Reto W. Kressig and Dr. Yves Gschwind, University Center for Medicine of Aging Basel (UAB), Felix Platter-Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Urs Granacher, University of Potsdam
- Investigators
- Urs Granacher, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Potsdam, Department of Training and Movement ScienceAndre Lacroix, Master, Study chair, University of Potsdam, Department of Training and Movement Science
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01906034
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- BFU-2.104
- Status last verified
- Mar 2017
- First submitted
- 18 Jul 2013
- Last updated
- 21 Mar 2017
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Granacher U, Muehlbauer T, Gruber M. A qualitative review of balance and strength performance in healthy older adults: impact for testing and training. J Aging Res. 2012;2012:708905. doi: 10.1155/2012/708905. Epub 2012 Jan 23.
PubMed 22315687Granacher U, Muehlbauer T, Zahner L, Gollhofer A, Kressig RW. Comparison of traditional and recent approaches in the promotion of balance and strength in older adults. Sports Med. 2011 May 1;41(5):377-400. doi: 10.2165/11539920-000000000-00000.
PubMed 21510715Granacher U, Gruber M, Gollhofer A. Resistance training and neuromuscular performance in seniors. Int J Sports Med. 2009 Sep;30(9):652-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1224178. Epub 2009 Jun 30.
PubMed 19569007Granacher U, Gollhofer A, Strass D. Training induced adaptations in characteristics of postural reflexes in elderly men. Gait Posture. 2006 Dec;24(4):459-66. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.12.007. Epub 2006 Feb 2.
PubMed 16472525Granacher U, Gollhofer A, Hortobagyi T, Kressig RW, Muehlbauer T. The importance of trunk muscle strength for balance, functional performance, and fall prevention in seniors: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2013 Jul;43(7):627-41. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0041-1.
PubMed 23568373Beijersbergen CM, Granacher U, Vandervoort AA, DeVita P, Hortobagyi T. The biomechanical mechanism of how strength and power training improves walking speed in old adults remains unknown. Ageing Res Rev. 2013 Mar;12(2):618-27. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.03.001. Epub 2013 Mar 15.
PubMed 23501431Granacher U, Lacroix A, Muehlbauer T, Roettger K, Gollhofer A. Effects of core instability strength training on trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, dynamic balance and functional mobility in older adults. Gerontology. 2013;59(2):105-13. doi: 10.1159/000343152. Epub 2012 Oct 24.
PubMed 23108436Muehlbauer T, Besemer C, Wehrle A, Gollhofer A, Granacher U. Relationship between strength, power and balance performance in seniors. Gerontology. 2012;58(6):504-12. doi: 10.1159/000341614. Epub 2012 Aug 24.
PubMed 22922168Muehlbauer T, Roth R, Bopp M, Granacher U. An exercise sequence for progression in balance training. J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Feb;26(2):568-74. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318225f3c4.
PubMed 22067238Granacher U, Bridenbaugh SA, Muehlbauer T, Wehrle A, Kressig RW. Age-related effects on postural control under multi-task conditions. Gerontology. 2011;57(3):247-55. doi: 10.1159/000322196. Epub 2010 Oct 27.
PubMed 20980734Granacher U, Muehlbauer T, Bridenbaugh S, Bleiker E, Wehrle A, Kressig RW. Balance training and multi-task performance in seniors. Int J Sports Med. 2010 May;31(5):353-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1248322. Epub 2010 Feb 23.
PubMed 20180173Granacher U, Gruber M, Gollhofer A. Force production capacity and functional reflex activity in young and elderly men. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2010 Oct-Dec;22(5-6):374-82. doi: 10.1007/BF03337733. Epub 2009 Nov 27.
PubMed 19966537Lacroix A, Kressig RW, Muehlbauer T, Gschwind YJ, Pfenninger B, Bruegger O, Granacher U. Effects of a Supervised versus an Unsupervised Combined Balance and Strength Training Program on Balance and Muscle Power in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Gerontology. 2016;62(3):275-88. doi: 10.1159/000442087. Epub 2015 Dec 9.
PubMed 26645282Gschwind YJ, Kressig RW, Lacroix A, Muehlbauer T, Pfenninger B, Granacher U. A best practice fall prevention exercise program to improve balance, strength / power, and psychosocial health in older adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr. 2013 Oct 9;13:105. doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-13-105.
PubMed 24106864
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 21 Mar 2017. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of a Fall Preventive Exercise Program on Intrinsic Fall Risk Factors in Healthy Older Adults.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01906034
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- BFU-2.104
- Conditions
- Fall Risk Factors, Fall Prevention
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 66 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of PotsdamUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Swiss Council for Accident Prevention, Prof. Dr. Reto W. Kressig and Dr. Yves Gschwind, University Center for Medicine of Aging Basel (UAB), Felix Platter-Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Study start
- Sep 2013
- Primary completion
- Nov 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- Nov 2014 (actual)
- First posted
- 23 Jul 2013 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Background With increasing age neuromuscular deficits (e.g., sarcopenia) may result in impaired physical performance and an increased risk for falls. Prominent intrinsic fall-risk factors are age-related decreases in balance and strength / power performance as well as cognitive decline. Additional studies are needed to develop specifically tailored exercise programs for older adults that can easily be implemented into clinical practice. Thus, the objective of the present trial is to assess the effects of a fall prevention program that was developed by an interdisciplinary expert panel on measures of balance, strength / power, body composition, cognition, psychosocial well-being, and falls self-efficacy in healthy older adults. Additionally, the time-related effects of detraining are tested.
Methods/Design Healthy old people (N = 66) between the age of 65 to 80 years will participate in this trial. The testing protocol comprises tests for the assessment of static / dynamic steady-state balance (i.e., Sharpened Romberg Test, instrumented gait analysis), proactive balance (i.e., Functional Reach Test; Timed Up and Go Test), reactive balance (i.e., perturbation test during bipedal stance; Push and Release Test), strength (i.e., hand grip strength test; Chair Stand Test), and power (i.e., Stair Climb Power Test). Further, body composition will be analysed using a bioelectrical impedance analysis system. In addition, questionnaires for the assessment of psychosocial (i.e., World Health Organisation Quality of Life Assessment-Bref), cognitive (i.e., Mini Mental State Examination), and fall risk determinants (i.e., Fall Efficacy Scale - International) will be included in the study protocol. Participants will be randomized into two intervention groups or the control / waiting group. After baseline measures, participants in the intervention groups will conduct a 12-week balance and strength / power exercise intervention 3 times per week, with each training session lasting 30 min (without warm-up and cool-down). One intervention group will complete a supervised training program (2x supervised training per week / 1x home training per week), while the other intervention group will complete a training after the same protocol that is home-based (3x home training per week) and controlled by phone calls every two weeks. Post-tests will be conducted right after the intervention period. Additionally, detraining effects will be measured 12 weeks after program cessation. The control group / waiting group will not participate in any specific intervention during the experimental period, but will receive the extensive supervised program after the experimental period.
Discussion It is expected that particularly the supervised combination of balance and strength / power training will improve performance in variables of balance, strength / power, body composition, cognitive function, psychosocial well-being, and falls self-efficacy of older adults. In addition, information regarding fall risk assessment, detraining effects, and supervision of training will be provided. Further, training-induced health-relevant changes, such as improved performance in activities of daily living, cognitive function, and quality of life, as well as a reduced risk for falls may help to lower costs in the health care system. Finally, practitioners, therapists, and instructors will be provided with a scientifically evaluated, feasible, safe, and easy-to-administer exercise program for fall prevention.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise with supervision | Experimental | Behavioral: Exercise with supervisionThe expert panel selected balance and strength / power exercises which can be performed with one's own bodyweight or with the help of small, low-cost exercise equipment (i.e., small weights, resistance bands, unstable surfaces). In this study, intensity during training will be regulated using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale (i.e., 6-20 points, maximal exertion at 20 points). According to the individual fitness level, exercises should be performed with a perceived exertion between 12 and 16 points (somewhat hard - hard) during balance and strength / power training. Exercise intensity will be progressed individually using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and varying the balance and strength / power exercises in order to sufficiently stimulate the neuromuscular system. Strength / power exercises will be progressed from single to multiple joint, isometric to dynamic muscle contraction, short to long lever arm and slow to fast exercises. |
| Home-based without supervision | Experimental | Behavioral: Home-based without supervisionThe expert panel selected balance and strength / power exercises which can be performed with one's own bodyweight or with the help of small, low-cost exercise equipment (i.e., small weights, resistance bands, unstable surfaces). In this study, intensity during training will be regulated using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale (i.e., 6-20 points, maximal exertion at 20 points). According to the individual fitness level, exercises should be performed with a perceived exertion between 12 and 16 points (somewhat hard - hard) during balance and strength / power training. Exercise intensity will be progressed individually using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and varying the balance and strength / power exercises in order to sufficiently stimulate the neuromuscular system. Strength / power exercises will be progressed from single to multiple joint, isometric to dynamic muscle contraction, short to long lever arm and slow to fast exercises. |
| control group | No intervention | –The control group is a traditional waiting group and will receive a supervised training program after the completion of this study |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 65 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- 65-80 years old
- must be able to accomplish the tests and the training
- must be able to walk independently
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- neurological diseases: Alzheimer´s disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson etc.
- cardiovascular diseases: coronary heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias etc.
- artificial knee- hip-joint in the last six months
- regular participation in strength and/or balance training programs
- acute injuries impairing the tests
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise with supervision | Behavioural | Exercise with supervision |
| Home-based without supervision | Behavioural | Home-based without supervision |
Primary outcome
Balance Performance, Strength / Power Performance
Time frame: pre, post (12 weeks) and follow-up (24 weeks)
1 secondary outcome
cognitive status, psychosocial health, falls efficacy
Time frame: pre, post (12 weeks) and follow-up (24 weeks)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 21 Mar 2017.
- Background: PubMed 22315687Granacher U, Muehlbauer T, Gruber M. A qualitative review of balance and strength performance in healthy older adults: impact for testing and training. J Aging Res. 2012;2012:708905. doi: 10.1155/2012/708905. Epub 2012 Jan 23.
- Background: PubMed 21510715Granacher U, Muehlbauer T, Zahner L, Gollhofer A, Kressig RW. Comparison of traditional and recent approaches in the promotion of balance and strength in older adults. Sports Med. 2011 May 1;41(5):377-400. doi: 10.2165/11539920-000000000-00000.
- Background: PubMed 19569007Granacher U, Gruber M, Gollhofer A. Resistance training and neuromuscular performance in seniors. Int J Sports Med. 2009 Sep;30(9):652-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1224178. Epub 2009 Jun 30.
- Background: PubMed 16472525Granacher U, Gollhofer A, Strass D. Training induced adaptations in characteristics of postural reflexes in elderly men. Gait Posture. 2006 Dec;24(4):459-66. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.12.007. Epub 2006 Feb 2.
- Background: PubMed 23568373Granacher U, Gollhofer A, Hortobagyi T, Kressig RW, Muehlbauer T. The importance of trunk muscle strength for balance, functional performance, and fall prevention in seniors: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2013 Jul;43(7):627-41. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0041-1.
- Background: PubMed 23501431Beijersbergen CM, Granacher U, Vandervoort AA, DeVita P, Hortobagyi T. The biomechanical mechanism of how strength and power training improves walking speed in old adults remains unknown. Ageing Res Rev. 2013 Mar;12(2):618-27. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.03.001. Epub 2013 Mar 15.
- Background: PubMed 23108436Granacher U, Lacroix A, Muehlbauer T, Roettger K, Gollhofer A. Effects of core instability strength training on trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, dynamic balance and functional mobility in older adults. Gerontology. 2013;59(2):105-13. doi: 10.1159/000343152. Epub 2012 Oct 24.
- Background: PubMed 22922168Muehlbauer T, Besemer C, Wehrle A, Gollhofer A, Granacher U. Relationship between strength, power and balance performance in seniors. Gerontology. 2012;58(6):504-12. doi: 10.1159/000341614. Epub 2012 Aug 24.
- Background: PubMed 22067238Muehlbauer T, Roth R, Bopp M, Granacher U. An exercise sequence for progression in balance training. J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Feb;26(2):568-74. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318225f3c4.
- Background: PubMed 20980734Granacher U, Bridenbaugh SA, Muehlbauer T, Wehrle A, Kressig RW. Age-related effects on postural control under multi-task conditions. Gerontology. 2011;57(3):247-55. doi: 10.1159/000322196. Epub 2010 Oct 27.
- Background: PubMed 20180173Granacher U, Muehlbauer T, Bridenbaugh S, Bleiker E, Wehrle A, Kressig RW. Balance training and multi-task performance in seniors. Int J Sports Med. 2010 May;31(5):353-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1248322. Epub 2010 Feb 23.
- Background: PubMed 19966537Granacher U, Gruber M, Gollhofer A. Force production capacity and functional reflex activity in young and elderly men. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2010 Oct-Dec;22(5-6):374-82. doi: 10.1007/BF03337733. Epub 2009 Nov 27.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Urs Granacher, PhD principal investigator
University of Potsdam, Department of Training and Movement Science
Andre Lacroix, Master study chair
University of Potsdam, Department of Training and Movement Science
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Exercise with supervision and Home-based without supervision in people with Fall Risk Factors and Fall Prevention, run by University of Potsdam at 1 site in Germany.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Mar 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Germany. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Balance Performance, Strength / Power Performance (time frame: pre, post (12 weeks) and follow-up (24 weeks)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01906034, which also lists 14 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Mar 2017.