Type 1 DiabetesPhase 1/2DILT1DNCT01827735
Regulatory T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes Patients Treated With IL-2
A Phase 1/2 study testing Aldesleukin (Proleukin) in people with Type 1 Diabetes, run by Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust at 1 site in United Kingdom.
Trial summary
Type 1 diabetes is the most common severe chronic autoimmune disease worldwide and is caused by the autoimmune (loss of self tolerance) mediated destruction of the insulin producing pancreatic beta cells thus leading to insulin deficiency and development of hyperglycaemia. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 50 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Type 1 Diabetes
- What is being tested?
- Aldesleukin (Proleukin)
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited Kingdom
- Study dates
- Mar 2013to May 2014
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 50 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Written informed consent
- Type 1 diabetes
- 18-50 years
- Duration of diabetes less than 24 months from diagnosis
- One positive autoantibody (anti-islet cell, anti-GAD, anti-IA2, anti-ZnT8)
Who cannot join
- Hypersensitivity to aldesleukin or any of the excipients
- History of severe cardiac disease
- History of malignancy within the past 5 years (with the exception of localized carcinoma of the skin that had been resected for cure or cervical carcinoma in situ)
- History or concurrent use of immunosuppressive agents or steroids
- History of unstable diabetes with recurrent hypoglycaemia
- Active autoimmune, hyper or hypothyroidism
Show all 14Show fewer
- Active clinical infection
- Major pre-existing organ dysfunction or previous organ allograft
- Females who are pregnant, lactating or intend to get pregnant during the study - Males who intend to father a pregnancy during the study
- Donation of more than 500 ml of blood within 2 months prior to aldesleukin administration
- Participation in a previous therapeutic clinical trial within 2 months prior to aldesleukin administration
- Abnormal ECG Abnormal full blood count, chronic renal failure (Stage 3,4,5) and/or evidence impaired liver function
- Positive Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) or Hepatitis C serology or Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) test
- Any medical history or clinically relevant abnormality that is deemed by the principal investigator and/or medical monitor to make the patient ineligible for inclusion because of a safety concern
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United Kingdom1 site
Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Addenbrooke's Hospital
Cambridge, CB2 0QQ
About this study
Official title: Adaptive Study of IL-2 Dose on Regulatory T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes (DILT1D)
Type 1 diabetes is the most common severe chronic autoimmune disease worldwide and is caused by the autoimmune (loss of self tolerance) mediated destruction of the insulin producing pancreatic beta cells thus leading to insulin deficiency and development of hyperglycaemia. Currently, medical management of type 1 diabetes focuses on intensive insulin replacement therapy to limit complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy); nevertheless clinical outcomes remain sub optimal. There are intensive efforts to design novel immunotherapies that can arrest the autoimmune process and thereby preserve residual insulin production leading to fewer complications and better clinical outcomes.
The vast majority of genes that contribute to susceptibility to type 1 diabetes have been found to encode proteins involved in immune regulation and function. In particular, several susceptibility proteins are involved in the interleukin 2 (IL-2) pathway that regulates T cell activation and tolerance to self antigens. Aldesleukin is a human recombinant IL-2 product produced by recombinant DNA technology using genetically engineered E. coli stain containing an analog of the human interleukin-2 gene. There is substantial nonclinical, preclinical and clinical data that ultra low dose IL-2 (aldesleukin) therapy can arrest the autoimmune mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells by induction of functional T regulatory cells. However, prior to embarking on large proof of concept trials in type 1 diabetes it is essential that the optimum dose of IL-2 (aldesleukin) is determined. The objective of this study is to establish in patients with type 1 diabetes the optimal dose of IL-2 (aldesleukin) to administer in order to increase T regulatory cell response.
- Conditions
- Type 1 Diabetes
- Being tested
- Aldesleukin (Proleukin)
- Keywords
- Interleukin 2, Type 1 diabetes, T regulatory cells, Adaptive trial
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Aldesleukin (Proleukin)Drug
A single, subcutaneous dose will be given administered with the maximum dose allowed 1.5 X 106 IU/M2.
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
The primary endpoint is based upon the percentage of CD4+T regulatory (defined as CD3+CD4+CD25highCD127low) cells within the CD3+CD4+T cell gate following treatment with IL-2.
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting assay
Measured: From Day 0 to Day 60
Secondary outcomes (10)
T regulatory cell phenotype and stability
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting assay
Measured: From Day 0 to Day 60
T effector cell number and phenotype
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting assay
Measured: From Day 0 - Day 60
T cell subset proliferation and populations
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting assay
Measured: From Day 0 - Day 60
Intracellular T cell and natural killer(NK) cell signalling
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting assay
Measured: From Day 0 - Day 60
T regulatory cell function
T suppression assay
Measured: From Day 0 - Day 60
IL-2 pathway genotype
DNA sequencing
Measured: From Day 0 - Day 60
Lymphocyte Subsets
Complete blood count
Measured: From Day 0 to Day 60
Serum Cytokines
Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay
Measured: From Day 0 to Day 60
Glycaemic control
Self monitoring blood glucose readings, HbA1c, insulin usage
Measured: From Day 0 to Day 60
Number of Participants with Adverse Events as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability
Measured: From Day O to Day 60
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Apr 2013 (estimated)
- Study startMar 2013
- Primary completionMay 2014
- Study completionMay 2014
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Type 1 DiabetesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Cambridge, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, National Institute for Health Research, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Dr Frank Waldron-Lynch, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Investigators
- Frank Waldron-Lynch, Principal investigator, University of Cambridge
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01827735
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- A092737
- Other IDs
- ISRCTN27852285
- Acronym
- DILT1D
- Status last verified
- Jun 2015
- First submitted
- 4 Apr 2013
- Last updated
- 23 Jun 2015
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Waldron-Lynch F, Kareclas P, Irons K, Walker NM, Mander A, Wicker LS, Todd JA, Bond S. Rationale and study design of the Adaptive study of IL-2 dose on regulatory T cells in type 1 diabetes (DILT1D): a non-randomised, open label, adaptive dose finding trial. BMJ Open. 2014 Jun 4;4(6):e005559. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005559.
PubMed 24898091Heywood J, Evangelou M, Goymer D, Kennet J, Anselmiova K, Guy C, O'Brien C, Nutland S, Brown J, Walker NM, Todd JA, Waldron-Lynch F. Effective recruitment of participants to a phase I study using the internet and publicity releases through charities and patient organisations: analysis of the adaptive study of IL-2 dose on regulatory T cells in type 1 diabetes (DILT1D). Trials. 2015 Mar 11;16:86. doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-0583-7.
PubMed 25881192Todd JA, Evangelou M, Cutler AJ, Pekalski ML, Walker NM, Stevens HE, Porter L, Smyth DJ, Rainbow DB, Ferreira RC, Esposito L, Hunter KM, Loudon K, Irons K, Yang JH, Bell CJ, Schuilenburg H, Heywood J, Challis B, Neupane S, Clarke P, Coleman G, Dawson S, Goymer D, Anselmiova K, Kennet J, Brown J, Caddy SL, Lu J, Greatorex J, Goodfellow I, Wallace C, Tree TI, Evans M, Mander AP, Bond S, Wicker LS, Waldron-Lynch F. Regulatory T Cell Responses in Participants with Type 1 Diabetes after a Single Dose of Interleukin-2: A Non-Randomised, Open Label, Adaptive Dose-Finding Trial. PLoS Med. 2016 Oct 11;13(10):e1002139. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002139. eCollection 2016 Oct.
PubMed 27727279
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Jun 2015. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Adaptive Study of IL-2 Dose on Regulatory T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes (DILT1D)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01827735
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- DILT1D / A092737
- Conditions
- Type 1 Diabetes
- Keywords
- Interleukin 2, Type 1 diabetes, T regulatory cells, Adaptive trial
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Cambridge, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, National Institute for Health Research, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust
- Study start
- Mar 2013
- Primary completion
- May 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- May 2014 (actual)
- First posted
- 10 Apr 2013 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Type 1 diabetes is the most common severe chronic autoimmune disease worldwide and is caused by the autoimmune (loss of self tolerance) mediated destruction of the insulin producing pancreatic beta cells thus leading to insulin deficiency and development of hyperglycaemia. Currently, medical management of type 1 diabetes focuses on intensive insulin replacement therapy to limit complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy); nevertheless clinical outcomes remain sub optimal. There are intensive efforts to design novel immunotherapies that can arrest the autoimmune process and thereby preserve residual insulin production leading to fewer complications and better clinical outcomes.
The vast majority of genes that contribute to susceptibility to type 1 diabetes have been found to encode proteins involved in immune regulation and function. In particular, several susceptibility proteins are involved in the interleukin 2 (IL-2) pathway that regulates T cell activation and tolerance to self antigens. Aldesleukin is a human recombinant IL-2 product produced by recombinant DNA technology using genetically engineered E. coli stain containing an analog of the human interleukin-2 gene. There is substantial nonclinical, preclinical and clinical data that ultra low dose IL-2 (aldesleukin) therapy can arrest the autoimmune mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells by induction of functional T regulatory cells. However, prior to embarking on large proof of concept trials in type 1 diabetes it is essential that the optimum dose of IL-2 (aldesleukin) is determined. The objective of this study is to establish in patients with type 1 diabetes the optimal dose of IL-2 (aldesleukin) to administer in order to increase T regulatory cell response.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 50 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Written informed consent
- Type 1 diabetes
- 18-50 years
- Duration of diabetes less than 24 months from diagnosis
- One positive autoantibody (anti-islet cell, anti-GAD, anti-IA2, anti-ZnT8)
Key exclusion criteria (14 listed)
- Hypersensitivity to aldesleukin or any of the excipients
- History of severe cardiac disease
- History of malignancy within the past 5 years (with the exception of localized carcinoma of the skin that had been resected for cure or cervical carcinoma in situ)
- History or concurrent use of immunosuppressive agents or steroids
- History of unstable diabetes with recurrent hypoglycaemia
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Aldesleukin (Proleukin)A single, subcutaneous dose will be given administered with the maximum dose allowed 1.5 X 106 IU/M2. | Drug | – |
Primary outcome
The primary endpoint is based upon the percentage of CD4+T regulatory (defined as CD3+CD4+CD25highCD127low) cells within the CD3+CD4+T cell gate following treatment with IL-2.
Time frame: From Day 0 to Day 60
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting assay
10 secondary outcomes
T regulatory cell phenotype and stability
Time frame: From Day 0 to Day 60
T effector cell number and phenotype
Time frame: From Day 0 - Day 60
T cell subset proliferation and populations
Time frame: From Day 0 - Day 60
Intracellular T cell and natural killer(NK) cell signalling
Time frame: From Day 0 - Day 60
T regulatory cell function
Time frame: From Day 0 - Day 60
IL-2 pathway genotype
Time frame: From Day 0 - Day 60
Lymphocyte Subsets
Time frame: From Day 0 to Day 60
Serum Cytokines
Time frame: From Day 0 to Day 60
Glycaemic control
Time frame: From Day 0 to Day 60
Number of Participants with Adverse Events as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability
Time frame: From Day O to Day 60
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Jun 2015.
- Background: PubMed 24898091Waldron-Lynch F, Kareclas P, Irons K, Walker NM, Mander A, Wicker LS, Todd JA, Bond S. Rationale and study design of the Adaptive study of IL-2 dose on regulatory T cells in type 1 diabetes (DILT1D): a non-randomised, open label, adaptive dose finding trial. BMJ Open. 2014 Jun 4;4(6):e005559. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005559.
- Results publication: PubMed 25881192Heywood J, Evangelou M, Goymer D, Kennet J, Anselmiova K, Guy C, O'Brien C, Nutland S, Brown J, Walker NM, Todd JA, Waldron-Lynch F. Effective recruitment of participants to a phase I study using the internet and publicity releases through charities and patient organisations: analysis of the adaptive study of IL-2 dose on regulatory T cells in type 1 diabetes (DILT1D). Trials. 2015 Mar 11;16:86. doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-0583-7.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 27727279Todd JA, Evangelou M, Cutler AJ, Pekalski ML, Walker NM, Stevens HE, Porter L, Smyth DJ, Rainbow DB, Ferreira RC, Esposito L, Hunter KM, Loudon K, Irons K, Yang JH, Bell CJ, Schuilenburg H, Heywood J, Challis B, Neupane S, Clarke P, Coleman G, Dawson S, Goymer D, Anselmiova K, Kennet J, Brown J, Caddy SL, Lu J, Greatorex J, Goodfellow I, Wallace C, Tree TI, Evans M, Mander AP, Bond S, Wicker LS, Waldron-Lynch F. Regulatory T Cell Responses in Participants with Type 1 Diabetes after a Single Dose of Interleukin-2: A Non-Randomised, Open Label, Adaptive Dose-Finding Trial. PLoS Med. 2016 Oct 11;13(10):e1002139. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002139. eCollection 2016 Oct.
- DILT1D trial facebook pageLink provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Frank Waldron-Lynch principal investigator
University of Cambridge
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1/2 study testing Aldesleukin (Proleukin) in people with Type 1 Diabetes, run by Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust at 1 site in United Kingdom.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 14 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Jun 2015. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United Kingdom. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this combined phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
The primary endpoint is based upon the percentage of CD4+T regulatory (defined as CD3+CD4+CD25highCD127low) cells within the CD3+CD4+T cell gate following treatment with IL-2. (time frame: From Day 0 to Day 60). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01827735, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Jun 2015.