Bone DensityVITALNCT01747447

VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL: Effects on Bone Structure and Architecture (VITAL)

A study testing omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) and Vitamin D3 in people with Bone Density and Body Composition, run by Brigham and Women's Hospital at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record

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Trial summary

Who is it for?: Ages 50 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for: Bone Density, Body Composition, Bone Health
What is being tested?: omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) and Vitamin D3
Type of treatment: Pill or oral medicine
Could I receive a placebo?: Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
How many people: 771 participants
Where: 1 siteUnited States
Study dates: Aug 2012to 2 Aug 2023
Phase: Interventional
Are there results?: Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

Ages 50 years and older
All sexes
Healthy volunteers accepted
Adult, Older adult

Participants in VITAL (NCT 01169259) who meet the following criteria are eligible to participate in this ancillary study:

Those who are using bisphosphonates currently or within the past 2 years, or other bone-active medications currently or within the past year are not eligible for this study.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site

Brigham and Women's Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts, 02115

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL: Effects on Bone Structure and Architecture

The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL; NCT 01169259) is a randomized clinical trial in 25,871 U.S. men and women investigating whether taking daily dietary supplements of vitamin D3 (2000 IU) or fish oil (1 gram of omega-3 fatty acids) reduces the risk of developing cancer, heart disease, and stroke in people who do not have a prior history of these illnesses. This ancillary study is being conducted among a sub-cohort of 771 participants in VITAL and will test the efficacy and safety of high-dose vitamin D supplementation vs. placebo on skeletal health and body composition.

Read the detailed description

The VITAL: Effects on Bone Structure and Architecture is an ancillary study of the parent VITAL. This study has enrolled a sub-cohort of 771 VITAL participants at the NIH-sponsored Harvard Catalyst Clinical and Translational Science Center (CTSC). The following measurements will be performed at baseline and 2 years post-randomization to determine whether high-dose vitamin D supplementation vs. placebo: 1) produces small increases or reduces bone loss in spine, hip, and total body areal bone density as assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA); 2) reduces bone turnover as assessed by biomarkers of bone resorption and formation; 3) improves (a) volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and measures of bone structure as assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and (b) bone microarchitecture as assessed by high resolution pQCT (HR-pQCT) at the distal radius and tibia as well as trabecular bone score (TBS) at the spine; and 4) results in changes in body composition as assessed by DXA. Parallel assessments of the effects of omega-3 fatty acids will be performed. This study may elucidate the mechanisms through which high-dose vitamin D may prevent age-related fractures and provide new insights into the role of vitamin D on skeletal health and body composition.

We are currently analyzing the effects of daily dietary supplements of fish oil (1 gram of omega-3 fatty acids) vs. placebo on skeletal health and body composition.

Conditions: Bone Density, Body Composition, Bone Health
Being tested: Vitamin D3 placebo, Fish oil placebo, omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil), Vitamin D3

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Vitamin D3 placeboDietary supplement
Vitamin D placebo
Fish oil placeboDietary supplement
Fish oil placebo
omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil)Dietary supplement
Omacor, 1 capsule per day. Each capsule of Omacor contains 840 milligrams of marine omega-3 fatty acids (465 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and 375 mg of docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]).
Vitamin D3Dietary supplement
Also called cholecalciferol
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), 2000 IU per day.

Study groups in NCT01747447
Study group	Role	What they receive
Vitamin D placebo + fish oil placebo	Placebo comparator	Daily vitamin D placebo and daily fish oil placebo Receives: Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D3 placebo; Dietary Supplement: Fish oil placebo
Vitamin D placebo + fish oil	Active comparator	Daily vitamin D placebo and daily fish oil capsule (1 g/d; EPA + DHA in a 1.2:1 ratio) Receives: Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D3 placebo; Dietary Supplement: omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil)
Vitamin D + fish oil placebo	Active comparator	Daily vitamin D (2,000 IU/d) and daily fish oil placebo Receives: Dietary Supplement: Fish oil placebo; Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D3
Vitamin D + fish oil	Active comparator	Daily vitamin D (2,000 IU/d) and daily fish oil capsule (1 g/d; EPA + DHA in a 1.2:1 ratio) Receives: Dietary Supplement: omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil); Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D3

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

Change in Bone Density
To determine whether vitamin D and/or omega-3 supplementation produces small increases or reduces bone loss in spine, hip, and total body areal bone density, as assessed by DXA. Reported values are rounded up.
Measured: 2 years
Bone Turnover P1NP
To determine whether vitamin D and/or omega-3 supplementation reduces bone turnover, assessed biomarkers of bone formation (propeptide of type 1 collagen [P1NP]).
Measured: 2 years
Bone Turnover Beta Crosslaps
To determine whether vitamin D and/or omega-3 supplementation reduces bone turnover, assessed biomarkers of bone resorption (beta crosslaps).
Measured: 2 years

Secondary outcomes (1)

Change in Bone Structure
To determine whether vitamin D and/or omega-3 supplementation results in changes in bone structure.
Measured: 2 years

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

Aug 20122 Aug 2023

First posted11 Dec 2012 (estimated)
Study startAug 2012
Primary completionDec 2017
Study completion2 Aug 2023

Resources

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
Other trials for Bone DensityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
More trials run by Brigham and Women's HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design

Study type: Interventional
Phase: Phase N/A
Primary purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Factorial
Masking: Triple blind
Who is masked: Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
Enrolment: 771 participants (actual)

IDs, dates and publications

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01747447
Sponsor's protocol ID: 2012P000560
Other IDs: 1R01AR059775-01A1, 5R01AR060574-03
Acronym: VITAL
Status last verified: Apr 2026
First submitted: 7 Dec 2012
Last updated: 28 Apr 2026
Results posted: Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
Data monitoring committee: Yes
FDA-regulated drug: No
FDA-regulated device: No

Publications

LeBoff MS, Yue AY, Copeland T, Cook NR, Buring JE, Manson JE. VITAL-Bone Health: rationale and design of two ancillary studies evaluating the effects of vitamin D and/or omega-3 fatty acid supplements on incident fractures and bone health outcomes in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL). Contemp Clin Trials. 2015 Mar;41:259-68. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.01.007. Epub 2015 Jan 24.
PubMed 25623291
Donlon CM, LeBoff MS, Chou SH, Cook NR, Copeland T, Buring JE, Bubes V, Kotler G, Manson JE. Baseline characteristics of participants in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): Effects on Bone Structure and Architecture. Contemp Clin Trials. 2018 Apr;67:56-67. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.02.003. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
PubMed 29408561
Goldman AL, Donlon CM, Cook NR, Manson JE, Buring JE, Copeland T, Yu CY, LeBoff MS. VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) bone health ancillary study: clinical factors associated with trabecular bone score in women and men. Osteoporos Int. 2018 Nov;29(11):2505-2515. doi: 10.1007/s00198-018-4633-3. Epub 2018 Jul 18.
PubMed 30022253
LeBoff MS, Chou SH, Murata EM, Donlon CM, Cook NR, Mora S, Lee IM, Kotler G, Bubes V, Buring JE, Manson JE. Effects of Supplemental Vitamin D on Bone Health Outcomes in Women and Men in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL). J Bone Miner Res. 2020 May;35(5):883-893. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3958. Epub 2020 Jan 30.
PubMed 31923341
Chou SH, Murata EM, Yu C, Danik J, Kotler G, Cook NR, Bubes V, Mora S, Chandler PD, Tobias DK, Copeland T, Buring JE, Manson JE, LeBoff MS. Effects of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Body Composition in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Apr 23;106(5):1377-1388. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa981.
PubMed 33513226
LeBoff MS, Murata EM, Cook NR, Cawthon P, Chou SH, Kotler G, Bubes V, Buring JE, Manson JE. VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): Effects of Vitamin D Supplements on Risk of Falls in the US Population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Sep 1;105(9):2929-38. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa311.
PubMed 32492153

Want to know more?

The sponsor has not listed a contact. The official record may have more details.

Talk to your doctor first and take this page with you. Only the study team can confirm whether you can join.

Questions to ask the study team

What is the study trying to find out?
What would I need to do, and how often would I visit?
Could I receive a placebo instead of the treatment?
What are the possible risks and benefits for me?
Will it cost me anything? Are travel or time paid for?
Can I keep seeing my own doctor during the study?
What happens when the study ends?

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Study at a glance

From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Apr 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.

Official title: VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL: Effects on Bone Structure and Architecture
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01747447
Acronym / sponsor ID: VITAL / 2012P000560
Conditions: Bone Density, Body Composition, Bone Health
Study type: Interventional
Recruitment status: Completed
Enrolment: 771 participants (actual)
Lead sponsor: Brigham and Women's HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
Collaborators: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Study start: Aug 2012 (actual)
Primary completion: Dec 2017 (actual)
Study completion: 2 Aug 2023 (actual)
First posted: 11 Dec 2012 (estimated)
Results: Posted 29 Mar 2021

Clinical summary

The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.

Detailed description

We are currently analyzing the effects of daily dietary supplements of fish oil (1 gram of omega-3 fatty acids) vs. placebo on skeletal health and body composition.

Study design

Primary purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomised
Intervention model: Factorial
Masking: Triple blind (participant, investigator, outcomes assessor)
Number of arms: 4

Arm	Type	Receives
Vitamin D placebo + fish oil placebo	Placebo comparator	Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D3 placebo, Dietary Supplement: Fish oil placeboDaily vitamin D placebo and daily fish oil placebo
Vitamin D placebo + fish oil	Active comparator	Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D3 placebo, Dietary Supplement: omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil)Daily vitamin D placebo and daily fish oil capsule (1 g/d; EPA + DHA in a 1.2:1 ratio)
Vitamin D + fish oil placebo	Active comparator	Dietary Supplement: Fish oil placebo, Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D3Daily vitamin D (2,000 IU/d) and daily fish oil placebo
Vitamin D + fish oil	Active comparator	Dietary Supplement: omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil), Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D3Daily vitamin D (2,000 IU/d) and daily fish oil capsule (1 g/d; EPA + DHA in a 1.2:1 ratio)

Who may qualify

Ages: 50 years and older
Sex: All
Healthy volunteers: Accepted
Age groups: Adult, Older adult

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Intervention	Type	Arms
Vitamin D3 placeboVitamin D placebo	Dietary supplement	Vitamin D placebo + fish oil, Vitamin D placebo + fish oil placebo
Fish oil placeboFish oil placebo	Dietary supplement	Vitamin D + fish oil placebo, Vitamin D placebo + fish oil placebo
omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil)Omacor, 1 capsule per day. Each capsule of Omacor contains 840 milligrams of marine omega-3 fatty acids (465 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and 375 mg of docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]).	Dietary supplement	Vitamin D + fish oil, Vitamin D placebo + fish oil
Vitamin D3Also: cholecalciferolVitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), 2000 IU per day.	Dietary supplement	Vitamin D + fish oil, Vitamin D + fish oil placebo

Primary outcome

Change in Bone Density
Time frame: 2 years
To determine whether vitamin D and/or omega-3 supplementation produces small increases or reduces bone loss in spine, hip, and total body areal bone density, as assessed by DXA. Reported values are rounded up.
Bone Turnover P1NP
Time frame: 2 years
To determine whether vitamin D and/or omega-3 supplementation reduces bone turnover, assessed biomarkers of bone formation (propeptide of type 1 collagen [P1NP]).
Bone Turnover Beta Crosslaps
Time frame: 2 years
To determine whether vitamin D and/or omega-3 supplementation reduces bone turnover, assessed biomarkers of bone resorption (beta crosslaps).

1 secondary outcome

Change in Bone Structure
Time frame: 2 years

Results and safety

Results posted to the registry on 29 Mar 2021, as reported by the sponsor. Figures are copied from the record, not re-analysed. Full results on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Participant flow

Group	Started	Completed
ACTIVE Vitamin D + ACTIVE Omega-3 Fatty Acids	193	170
ACTIVE Vitamin D + PLACEBO Omega-3 Fatty Acids	195	177
PLACEBO Vitamin D + ACTIVE Omega-3 Fatty Acids	195	176
PLACEBO Vitamin D + PLACEBO Omega-3 Fatty Acids	188	164

Primary outcome: Change in Bone Density

Time frame: 2 years. Mean (Standard Deviation). Unit: g/cm^2

Measure	Active Vitamin D n = 388	Vitamin D Placebo n = 383	Active Omega-3 Fatty Acids n = 388	Omega-3 Fatty Acids Placebo n = 383
Baseline Spine Areal Bone Mineral Density	1.02 (0.16)	1.02 (0.17)	1.02 (0.16)	1.02 (0.17)
Year 2 Spine Areal Bone Mineral Density	1.03 (0.16)	1.03 (0.17)	1.03 (0.17)	1.03 (0.17)
Baseline Femoral Neck Hip Areal Bone Mineral Density	0.77 (0.13)	0.77 (0.13)	0.77 (0.13)	0.76 (0.12)
Year 2 Femoral Neck Hip Areal Bone Mineral Density	0.77 (0.13)	0.77 (0.12)	0.77 (0.13)	0.76 (0.12)
Baseline Total Hip Areal Bone Mineral Density	0.94 (0.15)	0.93 (0.15)	0.94 (0.15)	0.93 (0.15)
Year 2 Total Hip Areal Bone Mineral Density	0.93 (0.15)	0.94 (0.15)	0.94 (0.15)	0.93 (0.15)
Baseline Whole Body Areal Bone Mineral Density	1.15 (0.13)	1.15 (0.13)	1.15 (0.13)	1.15 (0.13)
Year 2 Whole Body Areal Bone Mineral Density	1.15 (0.13)	1.15 (0.13)	1.15 (0.13)	1.15 (0.13)

Population analysed: Some measurements were excluded due to metal artifacts, severe osteoarthritis, severe scoliosis, degenerative disc disease, and bilateral breast implants.

Primary outcome: Bone Turnover P1NP

Time frame: 2 years. Mean (Standard Deviation). Unit: ug/L

Measure	Active Vitamin D n = 200	Vitamin D Placebo n = 200	Active Omega-3 Fatty Acids n = 205	Omega-3 Fatty Acids Placebo n = 195
Baseline P1NP	49.99 (19.70)	49.29 (19.47)	50.25 (20.83)	48.99 (18.18)
Year 2 P1NP	48.28 (16.74)	49.04 (18.42)	48.00 (18.69)	49.36 (16.35)

Population analysed: The original lab performing the assays for the bone turnover markers closed. Thus, the assays were payed for using divisional funds, resulting in a decrease in the total number of samples analyzed. The analysis population was a representative sample of the overall cohort.

Primary outcome: Bone Turnover Beta Crosslaps

Time frame: 2 years. Mean (Standard Deviation). Unit: pg/mL

Measure	Active Vitamin D n = 200	Vitamin D Placebo n = 200	Active Omega-3 Fatty Acids n = 205	Omega-3 Fatty Acids Placebo n = 195
Baseline beta crosslaps	0.40 (0.17)	0.41 (0.19)	0.41 (0.19)	0.40 (0.17)
Year 2 beta crosslaps	0.40 (0.17)	0.42 (0.17)	0.40 (0.17)	0.41 (0.17)

1 secondary outcome is reported in the full results.

Adverse events

Time frame: Baseline - 2 years. Other adverse events reported at 0% frequency or more

Group	Serious adverse events	Other adverse events	Deaths
Active Vitamin D	39 of 388 (10.1%)	301 of 388 (77.6%)	8 of 388
Vitamin D Placebo	37 of 383 (9.7%)	280 of 383 (73.1%)	3 of 383
Active Omega-3 Fatty Acids	35 of 388 (9%)	286 of 388 (73.7%)	3 of 388
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Placebo	41 of 383 (10.7%)	295 of 383 (77%)	8 of 383
Active Vitamin D/Active Omega-3 Fatty Acids	20 of 193 (10.4%)	152 of 193 (78.8%)	2 of 193
Active Vitamin D/Placebo Omega-3 Fatty Acids	19 of 195 (9.7%)	149 of 195 (76.4%)	6 of 195
Placebo Vitamin D/Active Omega-3 Fatty Acids	15 of 195 (7.7%)	134 of 195 (68.7%)	1 of 195
Placebo Vitamin D/Placebo Omega-3 Fatty Acids	22 of 188 (11.7%)	146 of 188 (77.7%)	2 of 188

Limitations and caveats (from the sponsor): Timeline limited to 2 years of follow-up; results not adjusted for multiple hypothesis testing, so findings from the secondary and subgroup analyses are exploratory; results are not generalizable to younger individuals or adults with osteoporosis.

Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…

Research links

Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Apr 2026.
Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
Background: PubMed 25623291LeBoff MS, Yue AY, Copeland T, Cook NR, Buring JE, Manson JE. VITAL-Bone Health: rationale and design of two ancillary studies evaluating the effects of vitamin D and/or omega-3 fatty acid supplements on incident fractures and bone health outcomes in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL). Contemp Clin Trials. 2015 Mar;41:259-68. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.01.007. Epub 2015 Jan 24.
Background: PubMed 29408561Donlon CM, LeBoff MS, Chou SH, Cook NR, Copeland T, Buring JE, Bubes V, Kotler G, Manson JE. Baseline characteristics of participants in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): Effects on Bone Structure and Architecture. Contemp Clin Trials. 2018 Apr;67:56-67. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.02.003. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
Background: PubMed 30022253Goldman AL, Donlon CM, Cook NR, Manson JE, Buring JE, Copeland T, Yu CY, LeBoff MS. VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) bone health ancillary study: clinical factors associated with trabecular bone score in women and men. Osteoporos Int. 2018 Nov;29(11):2505-2515. doi: 10.1007/s00198-018-4633-3. Epub 2018 Jul 18.
Background: PubMed 31923341LeBoff MS, Chou SH, Murata EM, Donlon CM, Cook NR, Mora S, Lee IM, Kotler G, Bubes V, Buring JE, Manson JE. Effects of Supplemental Vitamin D on Bone Health Outcomes in Women and Men in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL). J Bone Miner Res. 2020 May;35(5):883-893. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3958. Epub 2020 Jan 30.
Derived from this study: PubMed 33513226Chou SH, Murata EM, Yu C, Danik J, Kotler G, Cook NR, Bubes V, Mora S, Chandler PD, Tobias DK, Copeland T, Buring JE, Manson JE, LeBoff MS. Effects of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Body Composition in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Apr 23;106(5):1377-1388. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa981.
Derived from this study: PubMed 32492153LeBoff MS, Murata EM, Cook NR, Cawthon P, Chou SH, Kotler G, Bubes V, Buring JE, Manson JE. VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): Effects of Vitamin D Supplements on Risk of Falls in the US Population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Sep 1;105(9):2929-38. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa311.
VITAL Study WebsiteLink provided by the sponsor.

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Referral and contact

AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.

Meryl S LeBoff, M.D. principal investigator

Brigham and Women's Hospital

1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) and Vitamin D3 in people with Bone Density and Body Composition, run by Brigham and Women's Hospital at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Apr 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 29 Mar 2021). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Change in Bone Density (time frame: 2 years). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01747447, which also lists 6 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Apr 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 26 Oct 2026.