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PovertyNCT01447615

Bridges to the Future: Economic Empowerment for AIDS-Orphaned Children in Uganda

A study testing Bridges and Bridges PLUS in people with Poverty and Orphaned Children, run by Columbia University at 1 site in Uganda.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

Bridges to the Future: Economic Empowerment for AIDS-Orphaned Children in Uganda, represents the first study that measures medium-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a family economic empowerment intervention for AIDS-orphaned children. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 11 to 17 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Poverty, Orphaned Children, AIDS Orphans
What is being tested?
Bridges and Bridges PLUS
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
1,410 participants
Where
1 siteUganda
Study dates
Feb 2012to 15 Jan 2018
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 11 to 17 years
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Child

Who may be able to join

  • An HIV/AIDS-orphaned child (a child who has lost one or both parents to HIV/AIDS)
  • Enrolled in grade 5 or 6 of primary school
  • Living within a family

Who cannot join

  • Any child who does not self-identify as an HIV/AIDS-orphan
  • Any child who is not enrolled in grade 5 or 6 of primary school
  • Any child who is not living within a family at the time of enrollment

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Uganda1 site
  • International Center for Child Health and Asset Development

    Masaka, Rakai and Masaka Districts

Other trials in Uganda

About this study

Bridges to the Future: Economic Empowerment for AIDS-Orphaned Children in Uganda, represents the first study that measures medium-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a family economic empowerment intervention for AIDS-orphaned children. The usual care provided to AIDS orphans in sub-Saharan Africa consists mainly of informal counseling as well as limited material support (e.g., specifically school lunches, textbooks for the required subjects, and note-books). Given the challenges facing these children and their caregivers, further supports are needed in order to help them successfully make the transition from primary school to secondary school and into adolescence. In the context of resource-poor countries, interventions that improve families' economic capabilities are likely to be particularly consequential. Both theory and prior research indicate that economic instability (including poverty) constitutes one of the primary risk factors for AIDS-orphaned children's risk-taking behaviors (including sexual risk-taking), poor mental health functioning, and poor educational outcomes. Thus, the lack of economic security constitutes an important risk factor for AIDS-orphaned children. Yet, to-date, few interventions aimed at care and support of AIDS-orphaned children have incorporated components to address family-level poverty/economic instability of the children and their caregiving families. Within this context, there is a need for innovative interventions that promote sustainable (more than short-term) economic and behavior change among AIDS-orphaned children and create the supports necessary to sustain these changes.

Read the detailed description

The overall goal of the proposed research is to evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an innovative family-based economic empowerment intervention for AIDS-orphaned children. This will be accomplished via a three-group cluster randomized control trial (RCT). The three groups are: Bridges, Bridges PLUS, and usual care for AIDS-orphaned children. There will be five assessment points: baseline (pretest), 12, 24, 36, and 48-months post-intervention initiation.

The intervention, "Bridges to the Future" (Bridges) will be guided by asset-theory and both Bridges and Bridges PLUS will include the following intervention components tested in the two earlier pilot studies, SEED-Uganda and SUUBI-Uganda: 1) workshops focused on asset building, future planning, and protection from risks; 2) mentors to reinforce learning and build optimism; 3) a Child Development Account (CDA) that can be used for secondary education by the AIDS-orphaned child; and 4) a family income generating/micro-enterprise promotion component for children enrolled in Bridges and Bridges PLUS, and their families.

Being tested
Bridges, Bridges PLUS, Usual Care
Keywords
Orphaned children and youth, Economic empowerment, Uganda, HIV/AIDS, Sub-Saharan Africa
Medical subject headings
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • BridgesBehavioural

    Also called Child Development Account

    Each child participant in the Bridges Arm will receive the usual care in addition to a Child Development Account (CDA) to be used for secondary education by the AIDS-orphaned child. The CDA will be a matched savings account held in the child's name in a financial institution registered by the Central Bank (Bank of Uganda). The account will be matched with money from the program at a match rate of 1:1. Additionally, participants will receive: 1) twelve 1-2 hour workshops focused on asset building, future planning, and protection from risks; 2) mentorship sessions to reinforce learning and build optimism; and 3) a family income-generating /micro-enterprise promotion component for children enrolled in Bridges and their families.

  • Bridges PLUSBehavioural

    Also called Child Development Account

    Each child participant in the Bridges PLUS Arm will receive the usual care in addition to a Child Development Account (CDA) to be used for secondary education by the AIDS-orphaned child. The CDA will be a matched savings account held in the child's name in a financial institution registered by the Central Bank (Bank of Uganda). The account will be matched with money from the program at a match rate of 2:1. Additionally, participants will receive: 1) twelve 1-2 hour workshops focused on asset building, future planning, and protection from risks; 2) mentorship sessions to reinforce learning and build optimism; and 3) a family income-generating /micro-enterprise promotion component for children enrolled in Bridges PLUS and their families.

  • Usual CareOther

    Also called Usual Services

    Participants in the usual care condition will receive usual care for AIDS-orphaned children in the study area. This includes: counseling, school lunches, and scholastic materials (textbooks and notebooks). Counseling will be provided by priests in the community (as is currently done).

Study groups in NCT01447615
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
BridgesExperimentalNot described
Receives: Behavioral: Bridges; Other: Usual Care
Bridges PLUSExperimentalNot described
Receives: Behavioral: Bridges PLUS; Other: Usual Care
Usual CareOtherNot described
Receives: Other: Usual Care

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Savings and Asset Accumulation

    Increased confidence in saving ability and stronger financial stability. Accumulation of formal and informal savings and wealth/assets (e.g. livestock, type of housing, land); and change in attitudes toward saving.

    Measured: 12-month post-intervention follow-up assessment

  2. Educational Achievement

    School enrollment and attendance. Educational attainment, plans, and aspirations. Performance on National Primary Leaving Examinations.

    Measured: 12-month post-intervention follow-up assessment

  3. Mental Health Functioning

    Degree of hopefulness about the future. Ability to identify specific future goals. Level of mental health functioning. Depressive symptoms.

    Measured: 12-month post-intervention follow-up assessment

  4. Sexual Risk-Taking Behavior

    Ability to negotiate safe sex practices. Decreased intentions to engage in sexual risk behavior. Knowledge about and attitude toward HIV/AIDS and other STDs.

    Measured: 12-month post-intervention follow-up assessment

  5. Savings and Asset Accumulation

    Increased confidence in saving ability and stronger financial stability. Accumulation of formal and informal savings and wealth/assets (e.g. livestock, type of housing, land); and change in attitudes toward saving.

    Measured: 24-month post-intervention follow-up assessment

  6. Educational Achievement

    School enrollment and attendance. Educational attainment, plans, and aspirations. Performance on National Primary Leaving Examinations.

    Measured: 24-month post-intervention follow-up assessment

  7. Mental Health Functioning

    Degree of hopefulness about the future. Ability to identify specific future goals. Level of mental health functioning. Depressive symptoms.

    Measured: 24-month post-intervention follow-up assessment

  8. Sexual Risk-Taking Behavior

    Ability to negotiate safe sex practices. Decreased intentions to engage in sexual risk behavior. Knowledge about and attitude toward HIV/AIDS and other STDs.

    Measured: 24-month post-intervention follow-up assessment

  9. Savings and Asset Accumulation

    Increased confidence in saving ability and stronger financial stability. Accumulation of formal and informal savings and wealth/assets (e.g. livestock, type of housing, land); and change in attitudes toward saving.

    Measured: 36-month post-intervention follow-up assessment

  10. Educational Achievement

    School enrollment and attendance. Educational attainment, plans, and aspirations. Performance on National Primary Leaving Examinations.

    Measured: 36-month post-intervention follow-up assessment

  11. Mental Health Functioning

    Degree of hopefulness about the future. Ability to identify specific future goals. Level of mental health functioning. Depressive symptoms.

    Measured: 36-month post-intervention follow-up assessment

  12. Sexual Risk-Taking Behavior

    Ability to negotiate safe sex practices. Decreased intentions to engage in sexual risk behavior. Knowledge about and attitude toward HIV/AIDS and other STDs.

    Measured: 36-month post-intervention follow-up assessment

  13. Savings and Asset Accumulation

    Increased confidence in saving ability and stronger financial stability. Accumulation of formal and informal savings and wealth/assets (e.g. livestock, type of housing, land); and change in attitudes toward saving.

    Measured: 48-month post-intervention follow-up assessment

  14. Educational Achievement

    School enrollment and attendance. Educational attainment, plans, and aspirations. Performance on National Primary Leaving Examinations.

    Measured: 48-month post-intervention follow-up assessment

  15. Mental Health Functioning

    Degree of hopefulness about the future. Ability to identify specific future goals. Level of mental health functioning. Depressive symptoms.

    Measured: 48-month post-intervention follow-up assessment

  16. Sexual Risk-Taking Behavior

    Ability to negotiate safe sex practices. Decreased intentions to engage in sexual risk behavior. Knowledge about and attitude toward HIV/AIDS and other STDs.

    Measured: 48-month post-intervention follow-up assessment

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted6 Oct 2011 (estimated)
  2. Study startFeb 2012
  3. Primary completion15 Jan 2018
  4. Study completion15 Jan 2018

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Supportive care
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
1,410 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT01447615
Sponsor's protocol ID
AAA11950
Other IDs
1R01HD070727-01
Status last verified
Oct 2018
First submitted
4 Oct 2011
Last updated
12 Oct 2018
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No

Publications

  • Nabayinda J, Ssewamala FM, Kizito S, Nabunya P, Namatovu P, Neilands TB, Mckay MM. The direct and indirect pathways through which gender norms influences decision-making autonomy among young women and men in Southern Uganda. A mediation analysis. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2026 Feb;181:108729. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108729. Epub 2025 Dec 18.

    PubMed 42677290
  • Nabayinda J, Nabunya P, Bahar OS, Kizito S, Stark L, Namatovu P, Witte SS, Neilands TB, McKay MM, Ssewamala FM. She Is a Guest in My House: Exploring the Barriers to Asset Development and Decision-Making Autonomy Among Young Women in Southern Uganda. J Int Dev. 2025 Oct;37(7):1543-1554. doi: 10.1002/jid.70022. Epub 2025 Sep 8.

    PubMed 41878013
  • Nabayinda J, Kizito S, Nabunya P, Namuyaba OI, Ssentumbwe V, Bahar OS, Torstein N, McKay M, Ssewamala FM. The Impact of an Economic Empowerment Intervention on Economic Security among AIDS-Orphaned Adolescents in Southern Uganda: the Moderating Role of Depression. AIDS Behav. 2026 Jan;30(1):242-252. doi: 10.1007/s10461-025-04862-0. Epub 2025 Aug 14.

    PubMed 40810883
  • Ssewamala FM, Shu-Huah Wang J, Brathwaite R, Sun S, Mayo-Wilson LJ, Neilands TB, Brooks-Gunn J. Impact of a Family Economic Intervention (Bridges) on Health Functioning of Adolescents Orphaned by HIV/AIDS: A 5-Year (2012-2017) Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in Uganda. Am J Public Health. 2021 Mar;111(3):504-513. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2020.306044. Epub 2021 Jan 21.

    PubMed 33476237
  • Nabunya P, Padgett D, Ssewamala FM, Courtney ME, Neilands T. Examining the nonkin support networks of orphaned adolescents participating in a family-based economic-strengthening intervention in Uganda. J Community Psychol. 2019 Apr;47(3):579-593. doi: 10.1002/jcop.22139. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

    PubMed 30394541

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Bridges and Bridges PLUS in people with Poverty and Orphaned Children, run by Columbia University at 1 site in Uganda.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Oct 2018. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Uganda. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Savings and Asset Accumulation (time frame: 12-month post-intervention follow-up assessment). The study lists 16 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01447615, which also lists 5 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Oct 2018.

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