Chronic Graft-versus-host DiseasePhase 2NCT01366092
Daily IL-2 for Steroid-Refractory Chronic Graft-versus-Host-Disease
A Phase 2 study testing Interleukin-2 in people with Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease, run by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at 3 sites in United States.
Trial summary
Chronic GVHD is a medical condition that may occur after a bone marrow, stem cell or cord blood transplant. The donor's immune system may recognize the your body (the host) as foreign and attempt to 'reject' it. This process is known as graft-versus-host-disease. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease
- What is being tested?
- Interleukin-2
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 35 participants
- Where
- 3 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- Jul 2011to Dec 2026
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Recipient of allogeneic stem cell transplantation with myeloablative or non-myeloablative conditioning regimens
- Steroid refractory cGVHD with systemic therapy onset within the prior 6 months
- No more than 2 prior lines of cGVHD therapy
- Estimated life expectancy > 3 months
- Adequate organ function
Who cannot join
- Ongoing prednisone requirement > 1 mg/kg/day (or equivalent)
- Concurrent use of calcineurin-inhibitors plus sirolimus
- History of thrombotic microangiopathy, hemolytic-uremic syndrome or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
- Active malignant relapse
- Active uncontrolled infection
- Uncontrolled cardiac angina or symptomatic congestive heart failure
Show all 10Show fewer
- Organ transplant (allograft) recipient
- HIV-positive on combination antiretroviral therapy
- Active hepatitis B or C
- Pregnant or breast-feeding
Trial locations and contacts
3 sites in 1 country.
United States3 sites
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, Massachusetts, 02214
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts, 02214
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
About this study
Official title: A Phase II Trial of Daily Low-Dose Interleukin-2 (IL-2) for Steroid-Refractory Chronic Graft-Versus-Host-Disease
Chronic GVHD is a medical condition that may occur after a bone marrow, stem cell or cord blood transplant. The donor's immune system may recognize the your body (the host) as foreign and attempt to 'reject' it. This process is known as graft-versus-host-disease. It is thought that IL-2 may help control chronic GVHD by stopping the donor's immune system from 'rejecting' your body. In this research study, we are looking to see how IL-2 can be used in combination with steroids to treat cGVHD.
Read the detailed description
You will give yourself or be given IL-2 daily through an injection under your skin. You should rotate the injection site, if possible. You will do this once every day for 12 weeks. You will then have 4 weeks off of IL-2. During the first 6 weeks of IL-2, you will continue to take steroids without changing the dose your doctor has set for you while you are on IL-2. After 6 weeks of IL-2 therapy, your doctor may reduce the amount of steroids you take.
While you are on study, a member of the study team will examine you to evaluate your cGVHD. These assessments may include examination of your skin, joints/muscles, eyes, mouth, lungs and gastrointestinal system.
You will have clinic visits for evaluation of toxicity and clinical benefit approximately every 4 weeks. You will also have immunologic assays approximately every 8 weeks. Immunologic assays will measure the effect of IL-2 on immune cells.
You will be on the study for about 16 weeks. You may continue on study treatment for longer if you experience a clinical benefit.
- Conditions
- Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease
- Being tested
- Interleukin-2
- Keywords
- stem cell transplant, GVHD, bone marrow transplant, cord blood transplant, regulatory T cell, interleukin
- Medical subject headings
- Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Interleukin-2Drug
Also called IL-2
Daily subcutaneous IL-2 (1 x 10^6 IU/m^2/day) for self-administration for 12 weeks followed by 4-week hiatus
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Interleukin-2 | Experimental | Each study participant will receive daily subcutaneous IL-2 (1 x 106 IU/m2/day) for self-administration for 12 weeks, followed by a 4-week hiatus. IL-2 will be typically administered on an outpatient basis. After completing the 16 week study (12 weeks of IL-2 study treatment and a mandatory 4 weeks off-IL-2), patients experiencing clinical benefit (complete or partial response; as well as minor response not meeting NIH criteria for partial response) with an acceptable toxicity profile will be permitted to continue extended-duration treatment indefinitely at the discretion of the treating physician. Receives: Drug: Interleukin-2 |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Overall Response Rate of Low-dose Daily SC IL-2 in Steroid-refractory cGVHD
Participants were evaluated according to the cGVHD NIH Consensus criteria at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks on study. Per cGVHD NIH Consensus criteria, cGVHD involved organ systems are given a grade 0-3 and an overall cGVHD score, from 0-10, is given. Complete Response is defined as resolution of all reversible manifestations in each organ or site of cGVHD. A partial response is defined as an improvement in measure at least one organ or site, or decrease in global ratings by at least a 2-point change on the 10-point scale, without progression measured at any other organ or site. Non-responders have no change in cGVHD meeting criteria for either partial response or disease progression. Progressive disease is defined as an increase in organ or site scales (1-point change on a 3-point scale) or 2- to 3-point increase on the global cGVHD ratings. Clinical worsening of cGVHD is not synonymous with progressive cGVHD per NIH criteria.
Measured: Baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks
Secondary outcomes (5)
Toxicity of 12-week Course of Low-dose SC IL-2 Therapy
Participants were evaluated at clinical visits for toxicities related to IL-2 throughout their 12-week treatment course
Measured: 12 weeks
Prednisone Taper With IL-2 Therapy
Participants had their steroid dose assessed at weeks 6, 12,16, and every 8 weeks while on extended duration IL-2 therapy.
Measured: End of treatment after 16 weeks or most recent follow-up date for patients on extended
Overall Survival and Progression-free Survival
Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. OS was defined as from the study entry to death from any cause. Patients who were alive or lost to follow-up were censored at the time last seen alive. PFS was defined from the study entry to disease relapse or progression or death from any cause, whichever occurred first.
Measured: 2 years from start of IL-2
Immunologic Effects of Low-dose Daily SC IL-2: Treg Cell Counts
Blood samples were collected throughout the patient's 12 weeks of IL-2 treatment and after the 4 week hiatus. The CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) counts were measured.
Measured: 16 weeks of study follow-up
Immunologic Effects of Low-dose Daily SC IL-2: Treg/Tcon Ratio
Blood samples were collected throughout the patient's 12 weeks of IL-2 treatment and after the 4 week hiatus. The ratio between CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and CD4 conventional T cell (Tcon) counts were measured.
Measured: 16 weeks of study follow-up
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted3 Jun 2011 (estimated)
- Study startJul 2011
- Primary completionOct 2014
- Study completionDec 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Other trials for Chronic Graft-versus-host DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 35 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Cancer Institute (NCI), Prometheus Laboratories
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, John Koreth, MD, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
- Investigators
- John Koreth, MBBS, DPhil, Principal investigator, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01366092
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 11-149
- Other IDs
- P01CA142106
- Status last verified
- Feb 2026
- First submitted
- 2 Jun 2011
- Last updated
- 20 Feb 2026
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Feb 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Phase II Trial of Daily Low-Dose Interleukin-2 (IL-2) for Steroid-Refractory Chronic Graft-Versus-Host-Disease
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01366092
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 11-149
- Conditions
- Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease
- Keywords
- stem cell transplant, GVHD, bone marrow transplant, cord blood transplant, regulatory T cell, interleukin
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 35 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Cancer Institute (NCI), Prometheus Laboratories
- Study start
- Jul 2011
- Primary completion
- Oct 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- Dec 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 3 Jun 2011 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 15 Jan 2015
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Chronic GVHD is a medical condition that may occur after a bone marrow, stem cell or cord blood transplant. The donor's immune system may recognize the your body (the host) as foreign and attempt to 'reject' it. This process is known as graft-versus-host-disease. It is thought that IL-2 may help control chronic GVHD by stopping the donor's immune system from 'rejecting' your body. In this research study, we are looking to see how IL-2 can be used in combination with steroids to treat cGVHD.
Detailed description
You will give yourself or be given IL-2 daily through an injection under your skin. You should rotate the injection site, if possible. You will do this once every day for 12 weeks. You will then have 4 weeks off of IL-2. During the first 6 weeks of IL-2, you will continue to take steroids without changing the dose your doctor has set for you while you are on IL-2. After 6 weeks of IL-2 therapy, your doctor may reduce the amount of steroids you take.
While you are on study, a member of the study team will examine you to evaluate your cGVHD. These assessments may include examination of your skin, joints/muscles, eyes, mouth, lungs and gastrointestinal system.
You will have clinic visits for evaluation of toxicity and clinical benefit approximately every 4 weeks. You will also have immunologic assays approximately every 8 weeks. Immunologic assays will measure the effect of IL-2 on immune cells.
You will be on the study for about 16 weeks. You may continue on study treatment for longer if you experience a clinical benefit.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Interleukin-2 | Experimental | Drug: Interleukin-2Each study participant will receive daily subcutaneous IL-2 (1 x 106 IU/m2/day) for self-administration for 12 weeks, followed by a 4-week hiatus. IL-2 will be typically administered on an outpatient basis. After completing the 16 week study (12 weeks of IL-2 study treatment and a mandatory 4 weeks off-IL-2), patients experiencing clinical benefit (complete or partial response; as well as minor response not meeting NIH criteria for partial response) with an acceptable toxicity profile will be permitted to continue extended-duration treatment indefinitely at the discretion of the treating physician. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Recipient of allogeneic stem cell transplantation with myeloablative or non-myeloablative conditioning regimens
- Steroid refractory cGVHD with systemic therapy onset within the prior 6 months
- No more than 2 prior lines of cGVHD therapy
- Estimated life expectancy > 3 months
- Adequate organ function
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- Ongoing prednisone requirement > 1 mg/kg/day (or equivalent)
- Concurrent use of calcineurin-inhibitors plus sirolimus
- History of thrombotic microangiopathy, hemolytic-uremic syndrome or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
- Active malignant relapse
- Active uncontrolled infection
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Interleukin-2Also: IL-2Daily subcutaneous IL-2 (1 x 10^6 IU/m^2/day) for self-administration for 12 weeks followed by 4-week hiatus | Drug | Interleukin-2 |
Primary outcome
Overall Response Rate of Low-dose Daily SC IL-2 in Steroid-refractory cGVHD
Time frame: Baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks
Participants were evaluated according to the cGVHD NIH Consensus criteria at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks on study. Per cGVHD NIH Consensus criteria, cGVHD involved organ systems are given a grade 0-3 and an overall cGVHD score, from 0-10, is given. Complete Response is defined as resolution of all reversible manifestations in each organ or site of cGVHD. A partial response is defined as an improvement in measure at least one organ or site, or decrease in global ratings by at least a 2-point change on the 10-point scale, without progression measured at any other organ or site. Non-responders have no change in cGVHD meeting criteria for either partial response or disease progression. Progressive disease is defined as an increase in organ or site scales (1-point change on a 3-point scale) or 2- to 3-point increase on the global cGVHD ratings. Clinical worsening of cGVHD is not synonymous with progressive cGVHD per NIH criteria.
5 secondary outcomes
Toxicity of 12-week Course of Low-dose SC IL-2 Therapy
Time frame: 12 weeks
Prednisone Taper With IL-2 Therapy
Time frame: End of treatment after 16 weeks or most recent follow-up date for patients on extended
Overall Survival and Progression-free Survival
Time frame: 2 years from start of IL-2
Immunologic Effects of Low-dose Daily SC IL-2: Treg Cell Counts
Time frame: 16 weeks of study follow-up
Immunologic Effects of Low-dose Daily SC IL-2: Treg/Tcon Ratio
Time frame: 16 weeks of study follow-up
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Feb 2026.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
John Koreth, MBBS, DPhil principal investigator
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
3 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Interleukin-2 in people with Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease, run by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at 3 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Feb 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 3 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 15 Jan 2015). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Overall Response Rate of Low-dose Daily SC IL-2 in Steroid-refractory cGVHD (time frame: Baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Feb 2026.