Prostatic NeoplasmsPhase 2NCT01288911
A Study of Enzalutamide Versus Bicalutamide in Castrate Men With Metastatic Prostate Cancer
A Phase 2 study testing enzalutamide and bicalutamide in people with Prostatic Neoplasms, run by Astellas Pharma Inc at 88 sites in 8 countries.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of oral enzalutamide compared to bicalutamide in castrate men with metastatic prostate cancer who have progressed while on Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Hormone (LHRH) agonist/antagonist or after receiving a bilateral orchiectomy. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, men only
- Conditions the study is for
- Prostatic Neoplasms
- What is being tested?
- enzalutamide and bicalutamide
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 375 participants
- Where
- 88 sitesin 8 countries
- Study dates
- 22 Mar 2011to 8 Nov 2017
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Men only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate without neuroendocrine differentiation or small cell features
- Ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Hormone (LHRH) agonist or antagonist at a stable dose and schedule within 4 weeks of randomization or bilateral orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration)
- Metastatic disease documented by one of the following:
- At least two bone lesions on bone scan, or
- Soft tissue disease documented by computed tomography (CT)/ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or
- Unequivocal pelvic adenopathy short axis > 2.0 cm in diameter by CT/MRI
Show all 22Show fewer
- Progressive disease at study entry defined as one or more of the following three criteria occurring in the setting of castrate levels of testosterone:
- Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) progression defined by a minimum of three rising PSA levels with an interval of ≥ 1 week between each determination. The PSA value should be ≥ 2 µg/L (2 ng/mL);
- Soft tissue disease progression defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1;
- Bone disease progression defined by two or more new lesions on bone scan
- Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic from prostate cancer (i.e. the score on the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) Question #3 must be < 4); no use of opiate analgesics for prostate cancer-related pain currently or anytime within 4 weeks prior to randomization
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1, including subjects with decreased performance status not attributed to progressive and symptomatic prostate cancer
- Estimated life expectancy of ≥ 12 months
- Able to swallow the study drug and comply with study requirements
- A male subject and his female spouse/partner who is of childbearing potential must use two acceptable methods of birth control (one of which must include a condom as a barrier method of contraception) starting at Screening and continuing throughout the study period, and for 3 months after final study drug administration. Two acceptable forms of birth control include:
- Condom (barrier method of contraception), AND
- In addition to a condom, one of the following acceptable forms of contraception is required:
- Established use of oral, injected or implanted hormonal methods of contraception.
- Placement of an intrauterine device (IUD) or intrauterine system (IUS).
- Barrier methods of contraception: Occlusive cap (diaphragm or cervical/vault caps) with spermicidal foam/gel/film/cream/suppository.
- Tubal ligation for at least 6 months prior to Screening
- Vasectomy or other surgical castration at least 6 months prior to Screening
Who cannot join
- Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy for prostate cancer
- Severe concurrent disease, infection, or comorbidity that would make the subject inappropriate for enrollment
- Known or suspected brain and/or skull metastasis or active epidural disease
- History of another malignancy within the previous 5 years other than curatively treated non-melanomatous skin cancer
- Current or prior treatment with estrogens and/or drugs with anti-androgenic properties such as spironolactone > 50 mg/day, or progestational agents for the treatment of prostate cancer within 6 months prior to randomization
- Current or prior use of ketoconazole for the treatment of prostate cancer
Show all 14Show fewer
- Use of antiandrogens within 6 weeks prior to randomization
- Documented prior disease progression while receiving antiandrogens. Disease progression defined as PSA progression, radiographic progression and/or clinical deterioration.
- Current or prior treatment with 5-α reductase inhibitors or anabolic steroids within 6 months prior to randomization
- Prior use of systemic glucocorticoids (the equivalent of 10 mg of prednisone) within 3 months prior to randomization or expectation of their use during the study
- Radiation therapy to bone lesions or prostatic bed within 4 weeks prior to randomization
- Major surgery within 2 months prior to randomization
- History of seizure including febrile seizure or any condition that may predispose to seizure (e.g., prior stroke, brain arteriovenous malformation, head trauma with loss of consciousness requiring hospitalization). Also, current or prior treatment with anti-epileptic medications for the treatment of seizures or history of loss of consciousness or transient ischemic attack within 12 months prior to randomization
- Clinically significant cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction within past six months or uncontrolled angina within past three months
Trial locations and contacts
88 sites in 8 countries.
88 sites in 8 countries
United States36 sites
Site US1527
Anchorage, Alaska, 99503
Site US2975
Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
Site US1598
Bala-Cynwyd, Pennsylvania, 19004
Site US2976
Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
Site US3182
Bethesda, Maryland, 20889-5600
Site US3078
Billings, Montana, 59101
Site US1580
Burien, Washington, 98166
Site US81
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
Site US44
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
Site US2185
Columbus, Ohio, 43221
Site US2935
Denver, Colorado, 80211
Site US892
Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49546
Site US2104
Greensboro, North Carolina, 27403
Site US2977
Highland, California, 92346
Site US1934
Homewood, Alabama, 35209
Site US464
Houston, Texas, 77030
Site US2027
Jeffersonville, Indiana, 47130
Site US62
Kansas City, Kansas, 66160-7233
Site US1680
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 17604
Site US2968
Lawrenceville, New Jersey, 08648
Site US2014
Melrose Park, Illinois, 60160
Site US2945
Middlebury, Connecticut, 06762
Site US51
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226
Site US20
Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
Site US2926
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, 29572
Site US1657
Nashville, Tennessee, 37209
Site US3025
Poughkeepsie, New York, 12601
Site US1675
Rochester, New York, 14642
Site US2978
San Antonio, Texas, 78229
Site US3630
San Diego, California, 92123
Site US2067
Springfield, Illinois, 62703
Site US2934
Staten Island, New York, 10304
Site US3026
Tucson, Arizona, 85715
Site US1653
Virginia Beach, Virginia, 23462
Site US1709
Wenatchee, Washington, 98801
Site US1838
West Des Moines, Iowa, 50266
United Kingdom13 sites
Site GB3244
Belfast, BT9 7AB
Site GB3029
Bristol, UK, BS2 8HW
Site GB2702
Cambridge, CB2 0QQ
Site GB3028
Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XW
Site GB3166
Glasgow, G12 0YN
Site GB1862
Leicher, LE5 4PW
Site GB3027
London, UK, SE19RT
Site GB3030
London, UK, SW17 0QT
Site GB3163
London, NW1 2PG
Site GB2624
Manchester, M20 4BX
Site GB3355
Merseyside, CH63 4JY
Site GB3245
Northwood, Middlesex, HA6 2RN
Site GB3290
Preston, PR2 9HT
Germany11 sites
Site DE2989
Aachen, 51074
Site DE3287
Bergisch Gladbach, D-51465
Site DE2993
Bonn, 53105
Site DE2995
Bonn, 53111
Site DE2994
Bonn, 53117
Site DE2990
Hamburg, 22081
Site DE3270
Hanover, 30625
Site DE4000
Nürtingen, Baden-Wurttemberg, 72622
Site DE2992
Reutlingen, 72764
Site DE3286
Waldshut-Tiengen, 29761
Site DE2988
Wuppertal, 42103
France8 sites
Site FR1091
Créteil, 94010
Site FR3009
Lille, 59037
Site FR442
Lyon, 69437
Site FR3002
Paris, 75020
Site FR3003
Poitiers, 86000
Site FR3000
Rennes, 35033
Site FR3007
Rouen, 76031
Site FR3005
Suresnes, 92151
Canada7 sites
Site CA3242
Abbotsford British Columbia, British Columbia, V2S 3N5
Site CA3104
Calgary, Alberta, T2V 1P9
Site CA2984
Granby, Quebec, J2G 8Z9
Site CA2646
Kingston, Ontario, K7L 2V7
Site CA170
Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1A4
Site CA166
Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5
Site CA3084
Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9
Belgium6 sites
Site BE3015
Brussels, 1090
Site BE1322
Ghent, 9000
Site BE3018
Kortrijk, 8500
Site BE3288
Leuven, 3000
Site BE3289
Liège
Site BE3013
Turnhout, 2300
Denmark4 sites
Site DK3354
Aalborg, 9000
Site DK3356
Aarhus, 8200
Site DK1857
Copenhagen, 2200
Site DK1263
Herlev, 2730
Romania3 sites
Site RO3042
Bucharest, RO, 022328
Site RO3039
Bucharest, RO, 050659
Site RO3035
Bucharest, 041345
About this study
Official title: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase II, Efficacy and Safety Study of MDV3100 Versus Bicalutamide in Castrate Men With Metastatic Prostate Cancer
The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of oral enzalutamide compared to bicalutamide in castrate men with metastatic prostate cancer who have progressed while on Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Hormone (LHRH) agonist/antagonist or after receiving a bilateral orchiectomy.
Read the detailed description
An open-label period was added to the main protocol. Following unblinding at the end of the double-blind period and demonstration of a statistically significant advantage of enzalutamide over bicalutamide as assessed by the primary endpoint, all ongoing enzalutamide treated participants and ongoing or previous bicalutamide treated participants that met entry criteria were offered open-label enzalutamide at the discretion of the participant and study investigators.
- Conditions
- Prostatic Neoplasms
- Being tested
- enzalutamide, bicalutamide
- Keywords
- Metastatic, MDV3100, Prostate, progressive, Cancer, enzalutamide
- Medical subject headings
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasms
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
enzalutamideDrug
Also called MDV3100
capsules
bicalutamideDrug
Also called Casodex
tablets
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Enzalutamide | Experimental | Participants received enzalutamide 160 mg orally once daily until confirmed radiographic disease progression, skeletal-related event or the initiation of a new antineoplastic therapy. Receives: Drug: enzalutamide |
| Bicalutamide | Active comparator | Participants received bicalutamide 50 mg orally once daily until confirmed radiographic disease progression, skeletal-related event or the initiation of a new antineoplastic therapy. Receives: Drug: bicalutamide |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Progression Free Survival (PFS) Based on Independent Central Review (ICR) Assessment
PFS is the time from randomization to the date of the first progression event detected. A progression event was defined as objective evidence of radiographic disease progression based on the assessments by the ICR, skeletal-related event, initiation of new antineoplastic therapy or death by any cause, whichever occurred first. Radiographic disease progression was defined as either a progression in soft tissue on computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1, and/or a progression in bone lesions on bone scan (≥ 2 new bone lesions) confirmed by the next bone scan. A skeletal-related event was any radiation therapy or surgery to bone, pathologic bone fracture, spinal cord compression or change in antineoplastic therapy to treat bone pain. The initiation of new antineoplastic therapy included any new therapy for the treatment of disease progression after the study drug administration started.
Measured: From randomization until the data cut-off date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Secondary outcomes (11)
PFS Based on Investigator Assessment
PFS was calculated as the time from randomization to the date of the first progression event detected. A progression event was defined as objective evidence of radiographic disease progression based on the assessments by investigators, skeletal-related event, initiation of new antineoplastic therapy or death by any cause, whichever occurred first. Radiographic disease progression was defined as either a progression in soft tissue on CT/MRI scan according to RECIST 1.1, and/or a progression in bone lesions on bone scan (≥ 2 new bone lesions) confirmed by the next bone scan. A skeletal-related event was defined as radiation therapy or surgery to bone, pathologic bone fracture, spinal cord compression or change in antineoplastic therapy to treat bone pain. The initiation of new antineoplastic therapy included any new therapy for the treatment of disease progression after the study drug administration started.
Measured: From randomization until the data cut-off date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Response by Week 13
The PSA response by Week 13 was defined as the percentage change from Baseline to the smallest PSA value after Baseline (i.e., a decrease of 100% represents the largest possible decrease to a value below the lower limit of quantification) and on or before day 99 (i.e., upper boundary of the Week 13 visit window). For participants with no decrease in PSA post-baseline by Week 13, the PSA response by Week 13 was the smallest increase in PSA up to day 99. For participants with no post-baseline PSA values up to day 99, the PSA response by Week 13 was set to missing. PSA was analyzed at a central laboratory.
Measured: Baseline to Week 13
Best PSA Response
The best PSA response was defined as the percentage change from Baseline to the smallest PSA value after Baseline including PSA results from samples taken after the study drug was stopped. For participants with no decrease in PSA post-baseline, the best PSA response was the smallest increase in PSA. For participants with no post-baseline PSA values, the PSA response was set to missing. PSA was analyzed at a central laboratory.
Measured: Baseline to the data cutoff date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Time to PSA Progression
Time to PSA progression was calculated as the time interval from the date of randomization to the date of first observation of PSA progression. PSA progression was defined as a ≥ 25% increase and an absolute increase of ≥ 2 ng/mL above the nadir (or above the baseline value for participants who did not have a decline in PSA post-baseline values), and confirmed by a second consecutive PSA assessment at least 3 weeks later. For participants with no documented PSA progression, the time to PSA progression was censored on the date the last PSA sample was taken.
Measured: From randomization until the data cutoff date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Time to PSA ≤ 4 ng/mL
Time to PSA ≤ 4 ng/mL was defined as the time interval from the date of randomization to the first date a decline in PSA to a result of 4 ng/mL or below was recorded. In participants without PSA results ≤ 4 ng/mL, the time to PSA ≤ 4 ng/mL was censored on the date of the last PSA sample taken. Participants with a PSA result ≤ 4 ng/mL at Baseline, participants with no Baseline PSA and participants with no post-baseline PSA results were censored on the date of randomization
Measured: From randomization until the data cutoff date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Time to ≥ 30% PSA Decline From Baseline
The time to ≥ 30% PSA decline from Baseline was defined as the time interval from the date of randomization to the first date a PSA decline from Baseline of at least 30% was recorded. In participants without ≥ 30% PSA decline from Baseline, the time to ≥ 30% PSA decline from Baseline was censored on the date of the last PSA sample taken. Participants who had no Baseline PSA and participants with no post-baseline PSA results were censored on the date of randomization.
Measured: From randomization until the data cutoff date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Time to ≥ 50% PSA Decline From Baseline
The time to ≥ 50% PSA decline from Baseline was defined as the time interval from the date of randomization to the first date a PSA decline from Baseline of at least 50% was recorded. In participants without ≥ 50% PSA decline from Baseline, the time to ≥ 50% PSA decline from Baseline was censored on the date of the last PSA sample taken. Participants who had no Baseline PSA and participants with no post-baseline PSA results were censored on the date of randomization.
Measured: From randomization until the data cutoff date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Time to ≥ 90% PSA Decline From Baseline
The time to ≥ 90% PSA decline from Baseline was defined as the time interval from the date of randomization to the first date a PSA decline from Baseline of at least 90% was recorded. In participants without ≥ 90% PSA decline from Baseline, the time to ≥ 90% PSA decline from Baseline was censored on the date of the last PSA sample taken. Participants who had no Baseline PSA and participants with no post-baseline PSA results were censored on the date of randomization.
Measured: From randomization until the data cutoff date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Radiographic PFS Based on ICR Assessment
Radiographic PFS was calculated as the time interval from the date of randomization to the first date of radiographic disease progression. Radiographic disease progression was defined as either a progression in soft tissue on CT/MRI scan according to RECIST 1.1, and/or a progression in bone lesions (a minimum of 2 new bone lesions as compared to previous scan) on bone scan and confirmed by the next bone scan.
Measured: From randomization until the data cutoff date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Percentage of Participants With an Objective Response
Response assessments were reported by ICR for target lesions in soft tissues and non-target lesions in soft tissues based on CT and/or MRI according to RECIST version 1.1. Objective response was defined as the number of participants achieving either a complete response (CR) or a partial response (PR) based on participant's best overall response assessed at the end of the treatment.
Measured: From randomization until the data cutoff date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events
A serious adverse event was defined as any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose: ● Resulted in death ● Was life threatening ● Resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity ● Resulted in congenital anomaly or birth defect ● Required inpatient hospitalization or led to prolongation of hospitalization ● Other medically important events. Treatment-related indicates adverse events assessed by the Investigator as probably or possibly related to study treatment. Treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were defined as adverse events (AEs) that started or worsened after starting administration of study drug through end of the study (i.e., the treatment-emergent period).
Measured: From initiation of study drug up to 30 days after last dose of study drug or the 30-day safety follow-up visit, whichever was last (Median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in enzalutamide arm and 5.8 in bicalutamide arm, 12.6 in the total arm).
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted3 Feb 2011 (estimated)
- Study start22 Mar 2011
- Primary completion19 Oct 2014
- Study completion8 Nov 2017
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Prostatic NeoplasmsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 375 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Astellas Pharma Inc
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Collaborators
- Medivation LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Inc.
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Principal Investigator, Principal investigator, Carolina Urologic Research CenterAssociate Medical Science Director, Study director, Astellas Pharma Global Development
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01288911
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 9785-CL-0222
- Other IDs
- 2010-021868-15
- Status last verified
- Nov 2024
- First submitted
- 1 Feb 2011
- Last updated
- 6 Dec 2024
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Access to anonymized individual participant level data will not be provided for this trial. Further details on Astellas' data sharing policy can be found at https://www.clinicaltrials.astellas.com/transparency/.
Publications
Schultz NM, Shore ND, Chowdhury S, Klotz LH, Concepcion RS, Penson DF, Karsh LI, Yang H, Brown BA, Barlev A, Flanders SC. Number-needed-to-treat analysis of clinical progression in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in the STRIVE and TERRAIN trials. BMC Urol. 2018 Sep 6;18(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s12894-018-0387-7.
PubMed 30189902Heidenreich A, Chowdhury S, Klotz L, Siemens DR, Villers A, Ivanescu C, Holmstrom S, Baron B, Wang F, Lin P, Shore ND. Impact of Enzalutamide Compared with Bicalutamide on Quality of Life in Men with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: Additional Analyses from the TERRAIN Randomised Clinical Trial. Eur Urol. 2017 Apr;71(4):534-542. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.07.027. Epub 2016 Aug 3.
PubMed 27497762Shore ND, Chowdhury S, Villers A, Klotz L, Siemens DR, Phung D, van Os S, Hasabou N, Wang F, Bhattacharya S, Heidenreich A. Efficacy and safety of enzalutamide versus bicalutamide for patients with metastatic prostate cancer (TERRAIN): a randomised, double-blind, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Feb;17(2):153-163. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00518-5. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
PubMed 26774508
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Dec 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase II, Efficacy and Safety Study of MDV3100 Versus Bicalutamide in Castrate Men With Metastatic Prostate Cancer
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01288911
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 9785-CL-0222
- Conditions
- Prostatic Neoplasms
- Keywords
- Metastatic, MDV3100, Prostate, progressive, Cancer, enzalutamide
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 375 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Astellas Pharma IncIndustry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Collaborators
- Medivation LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Inc.
- Study start
- 22 Mar 2011 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 19 Oct 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- 8 Nov 2017 (actual)
- First posted
- 3 Feb 2011 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 3 Dec 2015
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of oral enzalutamide compared to bicalutamide in castrate men with metastatic prostate cancer who have progressed while on Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Hormone (LHRH) agonist/antagonist or after receiving a bilateral orchiectomy.
Detailed description
An open-label period was added to the main protocol. Following unblinding at the end of the double-blind period and demonstration of a statistically significant advantage of enzalutamide over bicalutamide as assessed by the primary endpoint, all ongoing enzalutamide treated participants and ongoing or previous bicalutamide treated participants that met entry criteria were offered open-label enzalutamide at the discretion of the participant and study investigators.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Enzalutamide | Experimental | Drug: enzalutamideParticipants received enzalutamide 160 mg orally once daily until confirmed radiographic disease progression, skeletal-related event or the initiation of a new antineoplastic therapy. |
| Bicalutamide | Active comparator | Drug: bicalutamideParticipants received bicalutamide 50 mg orally once daily until confirmed radiographic disease progression, skeletal-related event or the initiation of a new antineoplastic therapy. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (22 listed)
- Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate without neuroendocrine differentiation or small cell features
- Ongoing androgen deprivation therapy with a Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Hormone (LHRH) agonist or antagonist at a stable dose and schedule within 4 weeks of randomization or bilateral orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration)
- Metastatic disease documented by one of the following:
- Progressive disease at study entry defined as one or more of the following three criteria occurring in the setting of castrate levels of testosterone:
- Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic from prostate cancer (i.e. the score on the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) Question #3 must be < 4); no use of opiate analgesics for prostate cancer-related pain currently or anytime within 4 weeks prior to randomization
Key exclusion criteria (14 listed)
- Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy for prostate cancer
- Severe concurrent disease, infection, or comorbidity that would make the subject inappropriate for enrollment
- Known or suspected brain and/or skull metastasis or active epidural disease
- History of another malignancy within the previous 5 years other than curatively treated non-melanomatous skin cancer
- Current or prior treatment with estrogens and/or drugs with anti-androgenic properties such as spironolactone > 50 mg/day, or progestational agents for the treatment of prostate cancer within 6 months prior to randomization
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| enzalutamideAlso: MDV3100capsules | Drug | Enzalutamide |
| bicalutamideAlso: Casodextablets | Drug | Bicalutamide |
Primary outcome
Progression Free Survival (PFS) Based on Independent Central Review (ICR) Assessment
Time frame: From randomization until the data cut-off date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
PFS is the time from randomization to the date of the first progression event detected. A progression event was defined as objective evidence of radiographic disease progression based on the assessments by the ICR, skeletal-related event, initiation of new antineoplastic therapy or death by any cause, whichever occurred first. Radiographic disease progression was defined as either a progression in soft tissue on computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1, and/or a progression in bone lesions on bone scan (≥ 2 new bone lesions) confirmed by the next bone scan. A skeletal-related event was any radiation therapy or surgery to bone, pathologic bone fracture, spinal cord compression or change in antineoplastic therapy to treat bone pain. The initiation of new antineoplastic therapy included any new therapy for the treatment of disease progression after the study drug administration started.
11 secondary outcomes
PFS Based on Investigator Assessment
Time frame: From randomization until the data cut-off date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Response by Week 13
Time frame: Baseline to Week 13
Best PSA Response
Time frame: Baseline to the data cutoff date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Time to PSA Progression
Time frame: From randomization until the data cutoff date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Time to PSA ≤ 4 ng/mL
Time frame: From randomization until the data cutoff date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Time to ≥ 30% PSA Decline From Baseline
Time frame: From randomization until the data cutoff date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Time to ≥ 50% PSA Decline From Baseline
Time frame: From randomization until the data cutoff date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Time to ≥ 90% PSA Decline From Baseline
Time frame: From randomization until the data cutoff date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Radiographic PFS Based on ICR Assessment
Time frame: From randomization until the data cutoff date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Percentage of Participants With an Objective Response
Time frame: From randomization until the data cutoff date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.
Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events
Time frame: From initiation of study drug up to 30 days after last dose of study drug or the 30-day safety follow-up visit, whichever was last (Median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in enzalutamide arm and 5.8 in bicalutamide arm, 12.6 in the total arm).
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Dec 2024.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 30189902Schultz NM, Shore ND, Chowdhury S, Klotz LH, Concepcion RS, Penson DF, Karsh LI, Yang H, Brown BA, Barlev A, Flanders SC. Number-needed-to-treat analysis of clinical progression in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in the STRIVE and TERRAIN trials. BMC Urol. 2018 Sep 6;18(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s12894-018-0387-7.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 27497762Heidenreich A, Chowdhury S, Klotz L, Siemens DR, Villers A, Ivanescu C, Holmstrom S, Baron B, Wang F, Lin P, Shore ND. Impact of Enzalutamide Compared with Bicalutamide on Quality of Life in Men with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: Additional Analyses from the TERRAIN Randomised Clinical Trial. Eur Urol. 2017 Apr;71(4):534-542. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.07.027. Epub 2016 Aug 3.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 26774508Shore ND, Chowdhury S, Villers A, Klotz L, Siemens DR, Phung D, van Os S, Hasabou N, Wang F, Bhattacharya S, Heidenreich A. Efficacy and safety of enzalutamide versus bicalutamide for patients with metastatic prostate cancer (TERRAIN): a randomised, double-blind, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Feb;17(2):153-163. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00518-5. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Access to anonymized individual participant level data will not be provided for this trial. Further details on Astellas' data sharing policy can be found at https://www.clinicaltrials.astellas.com/transparency/.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Principal Investigator principal investigator
Carolina Urologic Research Center
Associate Medical Science Director study director
Astellas Pharma Global Development
88 sites in 8 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing enzalutamide and bicalutamide in people with Prostatic Neoplasms, run by Astellas Pharma Inc at 88 sites in 8 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 22 inclusion and 14 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Dec 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 88 sites in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada and 3 more countries. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 3 Dec 2015). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Progression Free Survival (PFS) Based on Independent Central Review (ICR) Assessment (time frame: From randomization until the data cut-off date of 19 October 2014, median duration of treatment was 11.6 months in the enzalutamide arm and 5.8 months in the bicalutamide arm.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01288911, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Dec 2024.