Type 2 DiabetesPhase 4P20-P2NCT01221090
Diabetes Self-Management Models to Reduce Health Disparities
A Phase 4 study testing PDA, CDSMP and PDA/CDSMP in people with Type 2 Diabetes, run by Scott and White Hospital & Clinic at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
To evaluate the effectiveness of two different diabetes self-management approaches (Personal Digital Assistant-based intervention \& Chronic Disease Self-Management Program) to reduce health disparities in minority, rural residents, and other underserved populations with type 2 diabetes in Central Texas. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Type 2 Diabetes
- What is being tested?
- PDA, CDSMP and PDA/CDSMP
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 376 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Jan 2009to May 2012
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients with T2DM, including those who require insulin therapy, aged >18 years (eliminates the need to obtain assent for minors who are also dependent on their parents).
- Last measured HbA1c value of > 7.5% (this study hopes to show an improvement in the control of patient's diabetes, and not focused on patients who already show evidence of good disease control).
- Willingness and ability to attend one initial research visit and semi-annual routine follow-up visits over a 24-month period. The follow-up visits include height, weight, and blood pressure measurement and a survey. Surveys may be conducted by phone interview or mail when a follow-up visit can not be scheduled.
- Ability to read, write, and speak English at least at a grade 8 level so as to be able to engage in self-monitoring and use the commercial diabetes management software program (Diabetes Pilot), which is available only in English. For those with lower-literacy, assistance in filling out forms and understanding required intervention protocols will be provided, and use of a "buddy" will be recommended.
Who cannot join
- Not willing to sign an informed consent or be randomized to any of the four treatment/control groups, (we want to minimize any upfront treatment biases, while adhering to human subject protocols).
- Currently, documented severe alcoholism or drug abuse that is < 6 months ago (concerns that this problem is likely to significantly affect their ability and likelihood to comply with the study requirements over the course of the 24 months).
- Female patients who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant within 12 months (in pregnancy, type 2 diabetes is managed in a completely different manner than in non-pregnant patients).
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Employing Diabetes Self-Management Models to Reduce Health Disparities in Texas
To evaluate the effectiveness of two different diabetes self-management approaches (Personal Digital Assistant-based intervention \& Chronic Disease Self-Management Program) to reduce health disparities in minority, rural residents, and other underserved populations with type 2 diabetes in Central Texas. We hypothesise that: 1) Racial/ethnic minority patients with T2DM will be found to experience disparities in diabetes self-management treatment protocols and clinical outcomes, which persist even when controlling for age, gender, obesity, and insurance status; 2) Patients with T2DM who reside in more rural areas will be found to experience disparities in diabetes self-management treatment protocols and clinical outcomes as compared to more urban counterparts, controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, obesity, and insurance status; 3) The introduction of CSDMP and HIT protocols will improve diabetes-related self management behaviors, reduce HBA1c values, and increase quality of life in persons with T2DM as compared to controls. A combined intervention approach will result in the greatest reductions; 4) Health improvements following the introduction of CDSMP, HIT or CDSMP/HIT protocols in persons with T2DM compared to controls will be more marked in racial/ethnic minority patients and those patients residing in rural areas; 5) The introduction of self-management interventions will be cost-effective in reducing HbA1c values over time, and associated health care utilization including overall reduction in ER and acute care hospital admissions; 6) Although there is little prior research in this area to guide specific hypotheses, we hypothesize that, overall, there will be no significant cost-effective differential in CDSMP as compared to HIT approaches, although the cost-effective ratio may be stronger in particular subpopulations. The combined approach will have higher costs, but is also anticipated to have a higher cost-benefit ratio for minority populations; 7) The majority of clinicians will be willing to let their patients enroll in the study and will reinforce intervention protocols; and 8) These interventions can be embedded into existing health care structures. At the end of the study, Scott and White will institutionalize cost-effective treatment protocols.
Read the detailed description
Despite concerted federal and state attempts to reduce health disparities over the past decades substantial disparities in reported rates of chronic disease for minorities still exist. In particular, African Americans and Hispanics experience higher rates of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) than do other segments of the U.S. population. The objectives of this proposed research project are to test two different diabetes self-management (DSM) programs in a large multi-site health care organization in Central Texas that serves large populations of minority and rural residents, comparing outcomes in order to evaluate their efficacy for reducing health disparities. Our specific aims are to: 1) document the nature and magnitude of extant health disparities in diabetes treatment processes and outcomes; 2) evaluate different DSM intervention approaches on behavioral and clinical outcomes, with attention to differential effects by patient and environmental characteristics; 3) examine the cost-effectiveness of these different approaches to DSM education in minority and rural populations; and 4) explore the reach of our intervention efforts and the broader organizational impacts of DSM education, including feedback loops to clinicians and organizational receptivity to self-management approaches. Our study will employ four different activities: 1) an initial electronic chart review of 1300 records of adults; 2) a 2 by 2 open 24 month randomized clinical trial of behaviorally and technologically based DSM interventions with 400 adults age 21 and older who have type 2 diabetes (T2DM); 3) a cost-effectiveness analysis of the different treatment approaches; and 4) surveys of primary care providers and health care administrators. While our primary outcome will be reductions in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), our conceptual model includes clinical, behavioral, economic and organizational outcomes. We will also assess the extent to which our interventions reduce health disparities by examining differential treatment success. This study is innovative in its comparison of both behavioral and technological intervention approaches, its attention to the public health impact and cost-effectiveness of different intervention approaches, and its concern with organizational responses to intervention sustainability. A noteworthy significance will be the strengthening of the linkages between clinical and community treatment approaches and the identification of successful treatment strategies in different settings and populations.
- Conditions
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Being tested
- PDA, CDSMP, PDA/CDSMP
- Keywords
- Type 2 diabetes, Health disparities, Central Texas, PDA, CDSMP
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
PDABehavioural
Also called Personal digital assistant
Technological assistance
CDSMPBehavioural
Also called Chronic disease self-management program
6-week classes
PDA/CDSMPBehavioural
Also called PDA + CDSMP
Combined technology and education
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Personal Digital Assistant | Experimental | Individuals in this arm were taught to use a diabetes self-care software, Diabetes Pilot™ (Digital Altitudes, Arlington Heights, IL), developed for PalmOS® (Palm, Sunnyvale, CA) which was loaded on to compatible PDAs, the Tungsten™ E2 handheld device. The Diabetes Pilot allowed participants to monitor their blood glucose, blood pressure, medication usage, physical activity, and dietary intake by tracking these measures in an electronic diary. Receives: Behavioral: PDA |
| CDSMP | Active comparator | 6-week, classroom-based program for diabetes self-management. The CDSMP, developed by Stanford University, equipped participants with the education and skill sets needed to take a more proactive approach in managing their chronic condition(s) and related symptoms. Receives: Behavioral: CDSMP |
| PDA/CDSMP | Active comparator | Combined intervention Receives: Behavioral: PDA/CDSMP |
| Control | No intervention | Usual Care |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
HbA1c
Measures of HbA1c were collected from electronic health records dating back six months prior to orientation to the last day of study participation (45 days after the 12-month follow-up period). If a participant did not have any HbA1c value within the electronic health record for any particular follow-up visit, a lab test was scheduled to obtain a measure. Of the HbA1c collected six months prior to orientation, the value measured closest to the orientation date was considered as the baseline HbA1c value. HbA1c values that were measured on dates preceding the baseline HbA1c were not included; i.e., HbA1c values included in the analysis were those collected since the baseline HbA1c and until the last day of study participation.
Measured: 12 months
Secondary outcomes (4)
BMI
Body mass index
Measured: 12 months
Patient Self-reported Perceived Health Status
Measured: 12 months
Diabetes-related Behaviors
Participants were asked the number of days in the past 7 which they participated in various diabetes self-care activities on diet, exercise, home blood glucose monitoring, and foot care.
Measured: 12 months
Quality of Life (QOL)
Participants where asked the number of days in the past 30 days in which their physical (phys) and/or mental was not good, and whether their usual activity was affected by their physical/mental health.
Measured: 12 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Oct 2010 (estimated)
- Study startJan 2009
- Primary completionMay 2012
- Study completionMay 2012
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Type 2 DiabetesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 376 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Scott and White Hospital & Clinic
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Texas A&M University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Sam Forjuoh, Scott and White Hospital & Clinic
- Investigators
- Samuel N Forjuoh, MD MPH DrPH, Principal investigator, Scott & White
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01221090
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 071304
- Other IDs
- P20MD002295
- Acronym
- P20-P2
- Status last verified
- Aug 2013
- First submitted
- 13 Oct 2010
- Last updated
- 14 Oct 2013
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Vuong AM, Huber JC Jr, Bolin JN, Ory MG, Moudouni DM, Helduser J, Begaye D, Bonner TJ, Forjuoh SN. Factors affecting acceptability and usability of technological approaches to diabetes self-management: a case study. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2012 Dec;14(12):1178-82. doi: 10.1089/dia.2012.0139. Epub 2012 Sep 26.
PubMed 23013155Appiah B, Hong Y, Ory MG, Helduser JW, Begaye D, Bolin JN, Forjuoh SN. Challenges and opportunities for implementing diabetes self-management guidelines. J Am Board Fam Med. 2013 Jan-Feb;26(1):90-2. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2013.01.120177.
PubMed 23288286Forjuoh SN, Huber C, Bolin JN, Patil SP, Gupta M, Helduser JW, Holleman S, Ory MG. Provision of counseling on diabetes self-management: are there any age disparities? Patient Educ Couns. 2011 Nov;85(2):133-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2010.08.004. Epub 2010 Sep 21.
PubMed 20863646Forjuoh SN, Bolin JN, Gupta M, Huber C, Helduser JW, Holleman S, Robertson A, Ory MG. Disparities in diabetes management by race or ethnicity in a primary care clinic in central Texas. Tex Med. 2010 Nov 1;106(11):e1.
PubMed 21104573Adepoju OE, Bolin JN, Phillips CD, Zhao H, Ohsfeldt RL, McMaughan DK, Helduser JW, Forjuoh SN. Effects of diabetes self-management programs on time-to-hospitalization among patients with type 2 diabetes: a survival analysis model. Patient Educ Couns. 2014 Apr;95(1):111-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2014.01.001. Epub 2014 Jan 13.
PubMed 24468198Forjuoh SN, Bolin JN, Huber JC Jr, Vuong AM, Adepoju OE, Helduser JW, Begaye DS, Robertson A, Moudouni DM, Bonner TJ, McLeroy KR, Ory MG. Behavioral and technological interventions targeting glycemic control in a racially/ethnically diverse population: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2014 Jan 23;14:71. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-71.
PubMed 24450992Adepoju OE, Bolin JN, Ohsfeldt RL, Phillips CD, Zhao H, Ory MG, Forjuoh SN. Can chronic disease management programs for patients with type 2 diabetes reduce productivity-related indirect costs of the disease? Evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Popul Health Manag. 2014 Apr;17(2):112-20. doi: 10.1089/pop.2013.0029. Epub 2013 Oct 23.
PubMed 24152055
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Oct 2013. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Employing Diabetes Self-Management Models to Reduce Health Disparities in Texas
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01221090
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- P20-P2 / 071304
- Conditions
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Keywords
- Type 2 diabetes, Health disparities, Central Texas, PDA, CDSMP
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 376 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Scott and White Hospital & ClinicUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Texas A&M University
- Study start
- Jan 2009
- Primary completion
- May 2012 (actual)
- Study completion
- May 2012 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Oct 2010 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 14 Oct 2013
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
To evaluate the effectiveness of two different diabetes self-management approaches (Personal Digital Assistant-based intervention \& Chronic Disease Self-Management Program) to reduce health disparities in minority, rural residents, and other underserved populations with type 2 diabetes in Central Texas. We hypothesise that: 1) Racial/ethnic minority patients with T2DM will be found to experience disparities in diabetes self-management treatment protocols and clinical outcomes, which persist even when controlling for age, gender, obesity, and insurance status; 2) Patients with T2DM who reside in more rural areas will be found to experience disparities in diabetes self-management treatment protocols and clinical outcomes as compared to more urban counterparts, controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, obesity, and insurance status; 3) The introduction of CSDMP and HIT protocols will improve diabetes-related self management behaviors, reduce HBA1c values, and increase quality of life in persons with T2DM as compared to controls. A combined intervention approach will result in the greatest reductions; 4) Health improvements following the introduction of CDSMP, HIT or CDSMP/HIT protocols in persons with T2DM compared to controls will be more marked in racial/ethnic minority patients and those patients residing in rural areas; 5) The introduction of self-management interventions will be cost-effective in reducing HbA1c values over time, and associated health care utilization including overall reduction in ER and acute care hospital admissions; 6) Although there is little prior research in this area to guide specific hypotheses, we hypothesize that, overall, there will be no significant cost-effective differential in CDSMP as compared to HIT approaches, although the cost-effective ratio may be stronger in particular subpopulations. The combined approach will have higher costs, but is also anticipated to have a higher cost-benefit ratio for minority populations; 7) The majority of clinicians will be willing to let their patients enroll in the study and will reinforce intervention protocols; and 8) These interventions can be embedded into existing health care structures. At the end of the study, Scott and White will institutionalize cost-effective treatment protocols.
Detailed description
Despite concerted federal and state attempts to reduce health disparities over the past decades substantial disparities in reported rates of chronic disease for minorities still exist. In particular, African Americans and Hispanics experience higher rates of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) than do other segments of the U.S. population. The objectives of this proposed research project are to test two different diabetes self-management (DSM) programs in a large multi-site health care organization in Central Texas that serves large populations of minority and rural residents, comparing outcomes in order to evaluate their efficacy for reducing health disparities. Our specific aims are to: 1) document the nature and magnitude of extant health disparities in diabetes treatment processes and outcomes; 2) evaluate different DSM intervention approaches on behavioral and clinical outcomes, with attention to differential effects by patient and environmental characteristics; 3) examine the cost-effectiveness of these different approaches to DSM education in minority and rural populations; and 4) explore the reach of our intervention efforts and the broader organizational impacts of DSM education, including feedback loops to clinicians and organizational receptivity to self-management approaches. Our study will employ four different activities: 1) an initial electronic chart review of 1300 records of adults; 2) a 2 by 2 open 24 month randomized clinical trial of behaviorally and technologically based DSM interventions with 400 adults age 21 and older who have type 2 diabetes (T2DM); 3) a cost-effectiveness analysis of the different treatment approaches; and 4) surveys of primary care providers and health care administrators. While our primary outcome will be reductions in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), our conceptual model includes clinical, behavioral, economic and organizational outcomes. We will also assess the extent to which our interventions reduce health disparities by examining differential treatment success. This study is innovative in its comparison of both behavioral and technological intervention approaches, its attention to the public health impact and cost-effectiveness of different intervention approaches, and its concern with organizational responses to intervention sustainability. A noteworthy significance will be the strengthening of the linkages between clinical and community treatment approaches and the identification of successful treatment strategies in different settings and populations.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Personal Digital Assistant | Experimental | Behavioral: PDAIndividuals in this arm were taught to use a diabetes self-care software, Diabetes Pilot™ (Digital Altitudes, Arlington Heights, IL), developed for PalmOS® (Palm, Sunnyvale, CA) which was loaded on to compatible PDAs, the Tungsten™ E2 handheld device. The Diabetes Pilot allowed participants to monitor their blood glucose, blood pressure, medication usage, physical activity, and dietary intake by tracking these measures in an electronic diary. |
| CDSMP | Active comparator | Behavioral: CDSMP6-week, classroom-based program for diabetes self-management. The CDSMP, developed by Stanford University, equipped participants with the education and skill sets needed to take a more proactive approach in managing their chronic condition(s) and related symptoms. |
| PDA/CDSMP | Active comparator | Behavioral: PDA/CDSMPCombined intervention |
| Control | No intervention | –Usual Care |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Patients with T2DM, including those who require insulin therapy, aged >18 years (eliminates the need to obtain assent for minors who are also dependent on their parents).
- Last measured HbA1c value of > 7.5% (this study hopes to show an improvement in the control of patient's diabetes, and not focused on patients who already show evidence of good disease control).
- Willingness and ability to attend one initial research visit and semi-annual routine follow-up visits over a 24-month period. The follow-up visits include height, weight, and blood pressure measurement and a survey. Surveys may be conducted by phone interview or mail when a follow-up visit can not be scheduled.
- Ability to read, write, and speak English at least at a grade 8 level so as to be able to engage in self-monitoring and use the commercial diabetes management software program (Diabetes Pilot), which is available only in English. For those with lower-literacy, assistance in filling out forms and understanding required intervention protocols will be provided, and use of a "buddy" will be recommended.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Not willing to sign an informed consent or be randomized to any of the four treatment/control groups, (we want to minimize any upfront treatment biases, while adhering to human subject protocols).
- Currently, documented severe alcoholism or drug abuse that is < 6 months ago (concerns that this problem is likely to significantly affect their ability and likelihood to comply with the study requirements over the course of the 24 months).
- Female patients who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant within 12 months (in pregnancy, type 2 diabetes is managed in a completely different manner than in non-pregnant patients).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| PDAAlso: Personal digital assistantTechnological assistance | Behavioural | Personal Digital Assistant |
| CDSMPAlso: Chronic disease self-management program6-week classes | Behavioural | CDSMP |
| PDA/CDSMPAlso: PDA + CDSMPCombined technology and education | Behavioural | PDA/CDSMP |
Primary outcome
HbA1c
Time frame: 12 months
Measures of HbA1c were collected from electronic health records dating back six months prior to orientation to the last day of study participation (45 days after the 12-month follow-up period). If a participant did not have any HbA1c value within the electronic health record for any particular follow-up visit, a lab test was scheduled to obtain a measure. Of the HbA1c collected six months prior to orientation, the value measured closest to the orientation date was considered as the baseline HbA1c value. HbA1c values that were measured on dates preceding the baseline HbA1c were not included; i.e., HbA1c values included in the analysis were those collected since the baseline HbA1c and until the last day of study participation.
4 secondary outcomes
BMI
Time frame: 12 months
Patient Self-reported Perceived Health Status
Time frame: 12 months
Diabetes-related Behaviors
Time frame: 12 months
Quality of Life (QOL)
Time frame: 12 months
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Oct 2013.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 23013155Vuong AM, Huber JC Jr, Bolin JN, Ory MG, Moudouni DM, Helduser J, Begaye D, Bonner TJ, Forjuoh SN. Factors affecting acceptability and usability of technological approaches to diabetes self-management: a case study. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2012 Dec;14(12):1178-82. doi: 10.1089/dia.2012.0139. Epub 2012 Sep 26.
- Background: PubMed 23288286Appiah B, Hong Y, Ory MG, Helduser JW, Begaye D, Bolin JN, Forjuoh SN. Challenges and opportunities for implementing diabetes self-management guidelines. J Am Board Fam Med. 2013 Jan-Feb;26(1):90-2. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2013.01.120177.
- Results publication: PubMed 20863646Forjuoh SN, Huber C, Bolin JN, Patil SP, Gupta M, Helduser JW, Holleman S, Ory MG. Provision of counseling on diabetes self-management: are there any age disparities? Patient Educ Couns. 2011 Nov;85(2):133-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2010.08.004. Epub 2010 Sep 21.
- Results publication: PubMed 21104573Forjuoh SN, Bolin JN, Gupta M, Huber C, Helduser JW, Holleman S, Robertson A, Ory MG. Disparities in diabetes management by race or ethnicity in a primary care clinic in central Texas. Tex Med. 2010 Nov 1;106(11):e1.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 24468198Adepoju OE, Bolin JN, Phillips CD, Zhao H, Ohsfeldt RL, McMaughan DK, Helduser JW, Forjuoh SN. Effects of diabetes self-management programs on time-to-hospitalization among patients with type 2 diabetes: a survival analysis model. Patient Educ Couns. 2014 Apr;95(1):111-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2014.01.001. Epub 2014 Jan 13.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 24450992Forjuoh SN, Bolin JN, Huber JC Jr, Vuong AM, Adepoju OE, Helduser JW, Begaye DS, Robertson A, Moudouni DM, Bonner TJ, McLeroy KR, Ory MG. Behavioral and technological interventions targeting glycemic control in a racially/ethnically diverse population: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2014 Jan 23;14:71. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-71.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 24152055Adepoju OE, Bolin JN, Ohsfeldt RL, Phillips CD, Zhao H, Ory MG, Forjuoh SN. Can chronic disease management programs for patients with type 2 diabetes reduce productivity-related indirect costs of the disease? Evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Popul Health Manag. 2014 Apr;17(2):112-20. doi: 10.1089/pop.2013.0029. Epub 2013 Oct 23.
- Division of Research, Department of Family \& Community MedicineLink provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Samuel N Forjuoh, MD MPH DrPH principal investigator
Scott & White
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing PDA, CDSMP and PDA/CDSMP in people with Type 2 Diabetes, run by Scott and White Hospital & Clinic at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Oct 2013. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 14 Oct 2013). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
HbA1c (time frame: 12 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01221090, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Oct 2013.