Monoamine Antagonist Therapies for Methamphetamine Abuse Prazosin

Methamphetamine (METH) use has increased in the US and worldwide in the past years. Although associated with profound medical, psychiatric, legal, and social problems, no effective medicines for METH abuse have been identified or approved for human use. It is vitally important to identify compounds that alter METH effects without increasing the risk of METH toxicity. While the brain chemical transmitter dopamine plays a major role in the pleasurable reinforcing and psychomotor stimulant effects of amphetamines, the transmitters norepinephrine and serotonin also contribute substantially to these effects. Recent evidence suggests that the functional links that exist between norepinephrine and serotonin systems may be profoundly important in METH effects and dependence. However, these neurotransmitter systems have not been tested as extensively as targets of pharmacologic interventions. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine whether the alpha-1-b antagonist prazosin blocks the self-reported effects, cognitive performance and cardiovascular effects of METH in a dose-related manner. Subsequent protocols will test the effect of the serotonin antagonist, cyproheptadine, and the combined norepinephrine/serotonin antagonist, quetiapine. Healthy, non-treatment-seeking METH users will be recruited. They will undergo extensive prestudy medical and psychiatric screening. Twelve volunteers (ages 18-50 years; 50% female; 10% Minority) who sign the informed consent will be recruited to complete the study on prazosin.

METH-abusing volunteers will undergo 6 sessions spaced 2-3 days apart. A single oral dose of prazosin (placebo, 1 mg, or 2 mg po) will be given in a randomized, double-blind design before METH or METH placebo administration in each session. METH will be given po in a dose (20 mg) that is well-tolerated by humans but that results in easily measurable effects by itself (Cruickshank and Dyer, 2009; Sevak et al, 2009; Parrot et al, 2011). Prior to and at several time points after prazosin/placebo,METH/placebo, or prazosin/METH administrations, self-report, cognitive performance and physiologic measures will be obtained.

The studies we propose are significant as they have the potential to identify treatment medications and elucidate new mechanisms of action and desirable characteristics for future medications development. Understanding the effects of treatment drugs in the context of concomitant METH use is an essential component of identifying potential pharmacotherapies for METH dependence that 1) alters the self-reported/performance effects 2) alters the cardiovascular effects and 3) alters the concentration-effect (pharmacodynamic) relationships of METH in human METH users. Using this broad pharmacologic approach to these human laboratory studies will provide insight into the appropriate combination of positive treatment effects with minimal side effects for the ultimate development of a successful treatment for METH abuse. The results should be generalizable to METH abusers and to the development of new treatments for METH abuse that will benefit all members of society. Understanding pharmacologic interactions will lessen complications of drug abuse and provide more rapid introduction of effective new treatments into medical practice.