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Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic PurpuraPhase 2TITANNCT01151423

Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Anti-von Willebrand Factor (vWF) Nanobody in Patients With Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (aTTP)

A Phase 2 study testing Caplacizumab in people with Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, run by Ablynx, a Sanofi company at 51 sites in 13 countries.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

This study was a Phase II, single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to determine whether anti-vWF Nanobody is safe and effective as adjunctive treatment in patients with aTTP. Patients received either placebo or anti-vWF Nanobody as adjunctive therapy to plasma exchange (PE). Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
What is being tested?
Caplacizumab
Type of treatment
Injection or infusion
Could I receive a placebo?
Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
How many people
75 participants
Where
51 sitesin 13 countries
Study dates
Jan 2011to Mar 2014
Phase
Phase 2
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • 18 years of age or older (adults) or aged 12 to < 18 years (adolescents)
  • Male or female subject, willing to accept an acceptable contraceptive regimen
  • Subject with a clinical diagnosis of TTP
  • Requiring PE (one single PE session prior to randomization into the study was allowed)
  • Subject accessible to follow-up
  • Subject able to provide signed and dated informed consent and assent (if applicable, for adolescents)

Who cannot join

  • Platelet count ≥ 100,000/µL
  • Severe active infection indicated by sepsis (requirement for pressors with or without positive blood cultures)
  • Clinical evidence of enteric infection with Escherichia coli 0157 or related organism
  • Anti-phospholipid syndrome
  • Diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
  • Pregnancy or breast-feeding
Show all 26Show fewer
  • Hematopoietic stem cell or bone marrow transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy
  • Known with congenital TTP
  • Active bleeding or high risk of bleeding
  • Uncontrolled arterial hypertension
  • Known chronic treatment with anticoagulant treatment that cannot be stopped safely, including but not limited to:
  • vitamin K antagonists
  • heparin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)
  • non-acetyl salicylic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory molecules
  • Severe or life threatening clinical condition other than TTP that would impair participation in the study
  • Subjects with malignancies resulting in a life expectation of less than 3 months
  • Subjects with known or suspected bone marrow carcinosis
  • Subjects who cannot comply with study protocol requirements and procedures
  • Known hypersensitivity to the active substance or to excipients of the study drug
  • Severe liver impairment, corresponding to grade 3 toxicity defined by the CTCAE scale. For the key liver parameters, this is defined as follows:
  • bilirubin > 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (needed to differentiate isolated increase in indirect bilirubin due to hemolysis, this was not an exclusion parameter but disease-related)
  • alanine transaminase (ALT)/ aspartate transaminase (AST) > 5 x ULN
  • alkaline phosphatase (ALP) > 5 x ULN
  • gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) > 5 x ULN
  • Severe chronic renal impairment, as defined by glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min
  • Note that the use of another investigational drug or device within 30 days prior to screening was not allowed. Participation in non-interventional/observational studies and registries during the study period was allowed. Participation in another clinical study was not allowed until the end of the follow-up period or within 30 days after the last study treatment in case of early subject withdrawal from the study. Subjects who had already participated in the current study and had either completed the study per protocol or had discontinued prematurely, were not allowed to be re-included.

Trial locations and contacts

51 sites in 13 countries.

51 sites in 13 countries

United States13 sites
  • Investigator Site

    Atlanta, Georgia, 30322

  • Investigator Site

    Columbus, Ohio, 43210

  • Investigator Site

    Dallas, Texas

  • Investigator Site

    Durham, North Carolina, 27710

  • Investigator Site

    Los Angeles, California, 90033

  • Investigator Site

    New York, New York, 10021

  • Investigator Site

    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15224

  • Investigator Site

    Rochester, New York, 14642

  • Investigator Site

    Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132

  • Investigator Site

    St Louis, Missouri, 63110

  • Investigator Site

    Valhalla, New York, 10595

  • Investigator Site

    Washington D.C., District of Columbia

  • Investigator Site

    Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157

Other trials in United States

Germany9 sites
  • Investigator Site

    Aachen

  • Investigator Site

    Berlin

  • Investigator Site

    Cologne

  • Investigator Site

    Dortmund

  • Investigator Site

    Hanover

  • Investigator Site

    Mainz

  • Investigator Site

    Mannheim

  • Investigator Site

    München

  • Investigator Site

    Ulm, Baden-Wurttemberg

Other trials in Germany

Italy5 sites
  • Investigator Site

    Catania

  • Investigator Site

    Foggia

  • Investigator Site

    Milan

  • Investigator Site

    Reggio Emilia

  • Investigator Site

    Rome

Other trials in Italy

Australia4 sites
  • Investigator Site

    Garran, Australian Capital Territory

  • Investigator Site

    Liverpool

  • Investigator Site

    Melbourne

  • Investigator Site

    Woolloongabba

Other trials in Australia

Belgium4 sites
  • Investigator Site

    Antwerp

  • Investigator Site

    Brussels

  • Investigator Site

    Leuven

  • Investigator Site

    Namur

Other trials in Belgium

Israel3 sites
  • Investigator Site

    Haifa

  • Investigator Site

    Jerusalem

  • Investigator Site

    Petah Tikva

Other trials in Israel

Spain3 sites
  • Investigator Site

    Badalona

  • Investigator Site

    Seville

  • Investigator Site

    Valencia

Other trials in Spain

Switzerland3 sites
  • Investigator Site

    Bern

  • Investigator Site

    Lausanne

  • Investigator Site

    Zurich

Other trials in Switzerland

Austria2 sites
  • Investigator Site

    Graz

  • Investigator Site

    Vienna

Other trials in Austria

United Kingdom2 sites
  • Investigator Site

    Liverpool

  • Investigator Site

    London

Other trials in United Kingdom

Bulgaria1 site
  • Investigator Site

    Sofia

Other trials in Bulgaria

France1 site
  • Investigator Site

    Caen

Other trials in France

Romania1 site
  • Investigator Site

    Bucharest

Other trials in Romania

About this study

Official title: A Phase II, Single-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of Anti-von Willebrand Factor Nanobody Administered as Adjunctive Treatment to Patients With Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

This study was a Phase II, single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to determine whether anti-vWF Nanobody is safe and effective as adjunctive treatment in patients with aTTP.

Patients received either placebo or anti-vWF Nanobody as adjunctive therapy to plasma exchange (PE).

Being tested
Caplacizumab, Placebo
Medical subject headings
Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • CaplacizumabBiological

    Also called anti-vWF Nanobody, ALX-0081

    • Subjects received a first intravenous (i.v.) bolus of 10 mg (filled at 5 mg/mL) caplacizumab via push injection within 6 hours to 15 minutes prior to the first PE on study. The first PE on study could either be the very first PE session for the current episode of aTTP (if the subject was randomized prior to the initiation of PE) or the second PE session (if the subject was randomized after a single PE session).
    • The first PE on study was followed by subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of 10 mg study drug within 30 minutes after the end of the PE procedure.
    • All subsequent study drug administrations were daily s.c. injections within 30 minutes after the end of the PE procedure (if applicable) or within 24 hours of the previous dose.
    • Subjects received caplacizumab up to 30 days after the last PE session.
  • PlaceboBiological

    • Subjects received a first i.v. bolus of placebo via push injection within 6 hours to 15 minutes prior to the first PE on study. The first PE on study could either be the very first PE session for the current episode of aTTP (if the subject was randomized prior to the initiation of PE) or the second PE session (if the subject was randomized after a single PE session).
    • The first PE on study was followed by s.c. administration of placebo within 30 minutes after the end of the PE procedure.
    • All subsequent study drug administrations were daily s.c. injections within 30 minutes after the end of the PE procedure (if applicable) or within 24 hours of the previous dose.
    • Subjects received placebo up to 30 days after the last PE session.
Study groups in NCT01151423
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
CaplacizumabExperimentalCaplacizumab 10 mg once daily
Receives: Biological: Caplacizumab
PlaceboPlacebo comparatorPlacebo once daily
Receives: Biological: Placebo

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Time-to-response of Treatment Defined by a Confirmed Recovery of Platelets ≥ 150,000/µL

    Time-to-response, defined by the achievement of platelet count response, confirmed at 48 hours after the initial reporting of this response. Platelet response was defined as recovery of platelets ≥ 150,000/µL.

    This response had to be confirmed at 48 hours after the initial reporting of platelet recovery ≥ 150,000/µL by a de novo measure of platelets ≥ 150,000/µL and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≤ 2x upper limit of normal (ULN) (i.e., 'confirmed platelet response').

    Measured: From the day of first study drug administration up to 30 days after first study drug administration

Secondary outcomes (20)
  1. Number and Percentage of Subjects With Complete Remission Following Initial Daily Plasma Exchange (PE)

    Number and percentage of subjects with complete remission (defined as confirmed platelet count response and absence of exacerbation) following initial daily PE.

    Measured: From the day of first study drug administration up to 30 days after first study drug administration

  2. Number and Percentage of Subjects With Exacerbations of TTP

    Number and percentage of subjects with exacerbations of TTP (defined as recurrent thrombocytopenia following a confirmed platelet count response and requiring a re-initiation of daily PE treatment after ≥ 1 day but ≤ 30 days of end of daily PE treatment.

    Time to first exacerbation of TTP was also examined as part of this end point analysis; the median time to first exacerbation could not be determined because of the small number of events.

    Measured: Within 30 days of last day of initial daily PE

  3. Number and Percentage of Subjects With Relapse of TTP

    Number and percentage of subjects with relapse of TTP (defined as de novo TTP event that occurred later than 30 days after the last daily PE) was evaluated.

    Measured: Later than 30 days after the last daily PE

  4. Number of Daily PE Sessions During the Initial Daily PE Period

    Number of daily PE sessions during the initial daily PE period which could include more than 1 PE per day was evaluated.

    Measured: During the initial daily PE period, with a median (min, max) duration of exposure to study drug of 6 (2, 36) days

  5. Total Volume of Plasma Administered During the Initial Daily PE Period

    The total volume of plasma administered during the initial daily PE period was measured.

    Measured: During the initial daily PE period, with a median (min, max) duration of exposure to study drug of 6 (2, 36) days

  6. Number of Days With at Least One PE Administration During the Total Course of the Study

    Number of days for PE was evaluated. This implies the number of days with at least one PE administration during the total course of the study.

    Measured: During the total course of the study (from Screening till the 12-month follow-up [FU] visit)

  7. The Maximum Number of Consecutive Days Per Subject Where There Was no Interruption of PE During the Initial Daily PE Period

    The maximum number of consecutive days per subject where there was no interruption of PE during the initial daily PE period.

    Measured: During the initial daily PE period, with a median (min, max) duration of exposure to study drug of 6 (2, 36) days

  8. Resolution of Non-focal Neurological Symptoms

    Resolution of non-focal neurological symptoms as defined by neurocognitive function at complete remission, measured by a Computerised Neuropsychological Test Battery(CNTB) (adults only). The CNTB included 6 modules: word list learning and selective reminding (WLL/SR), choice reaction time (CRT), visual memory (VMEM), simple reaction time (SRT), working memory (WMEM), and word list learning and delayed recall (WLL/DR). The 6 tasks are rated as a percentage correct (for CRT and SRT, the percentage correct corresponds to the percentage hits) and the mean score from these provides the CNTB summary score (range: 0-100). A higher CNTB summary score indicates better neuropsychological functioning.

    Measured: From Baseline till the 12-month FU visit

  9. Number of Participants With Resolution of TTP-related Signs or Symptoms

    Resolution or improvement (improvement of ≥ 1 grade in the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE] v4.0 scale) of TTP-related signs and symptoms as captured on physical examination and as adverse events. This endpoint was only evaluated for "resolution".

    Measured: End of daily PE treatment period (median [min, max] duration of exposure to study drug of 6 [2, 36] days), end of study treatment period (median [min, max] duration of exposure to study drug of 36.5 [2, 90] days) and at 1 month follow-up

  10. Mortality

    Total mortality up to 1 month follow-up.

    Measured: From the start of the study up to 1 month follow-up

  11. Number of PE Related Adverse Events

    Number of PE treatment-related adverse events (AEs).

    Measured: From the start of the study up to 1 month follow-up

  12. Number and Percentage of Subjects With PE Related AEs

    Number and percentage of subjects with PE related AEs.

    Measured: From the start of the study up to 1 month follow-up

  13. Number of Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) by Severity

    Number and severity of TEAEs were evaluated. The severity grades of AEs were defined as: mild, moderate, and severe. Note: the numbers listed do not include the TEAEs with missing severity.

    Measured: From the start of the study up to 1 month follow-up

  14. Number and Percentage of Subjects With TEAEs by Severity

    Number and percentage of subjects with TEAEs by severity. The severity grades of AEs were defined as: mild, moderate, and severe.

    Measured: From the start of the study up to 1 month follow-up

  15. Number of TEAEs and Their Relationship to Study Drug

    Number of TEAEs and their relationship to study drug were evaluated. Relationship of AEs to study drug was: related, possibly related, and unlikely/not related.

    Measured: From the start of the study up to 1 month follow-up

  16. Number of Participants Who Developed Treatment-emergent Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADA)

    The development of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) was monitored from the start of the study until last follow-up visit.

    Measured: From the start of the study until last follow-up visit

  17. Plasma Concentrations of Caplacizumab

    The concentration of caplacizumab in plasma was determined at different time points. pharmacokinetics (PK) Population: the PK Population consisted of all subjects who received the study drug and for whom the primary PK data are considered to be sufficient and interpretable.

    Measured: From the start of the study up to 1 month follow-up (i.e., at Baseline, Days 1 and 2 of daily PE, last day of daily PE, Day 1 after daily PE, Weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 after daily PE, Days 3 and 7 of FU and at the 1-month FU visit).

  18. Pharmacodynamics (PD): Ristocetin Cofactor (RICO) Activity Over Time

    The change from baseline in RICO activity was measured at different time points.

    Measured: From the start of the study up to 1 month follow-up (i.e., at Baseline, Days 1 and 2 of daily PE, last day of daily PE, Day 1 after daily PE, Weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 after daily PE, Days 3 and 7 of FU and at the 1-month FU visit).

  19. Pharmacodynamics: Von Willebrand Factor Antigen (vWF:Ag) Over Time

    The change from baseline in vWF:Ag concentration was measured at different time points.

    Measured: From the start of the study drug up to 1 month follow-up (i.e., at Baseline, Days 1 and 2 of daily PE, last day of daily PE, Day 1 after daily PE, Weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 after daily PE, Days 3 and 7 of FU and at the 1-month FU visit).

  20. PD: Coagulation Factor VIII Clotting Activity (FVIII:C) Over Time

    The change from baseline in FVIII:C concentration was measured at different ime points.

    Measured: From the start of the study up to 1 month follow-up (i.e., at Baseline, Days 1 and 2 of daily PE, last day of daily PE, Day 1 after daily PE, Weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 after daily PE, Days 3 and 7 of FU and at the 1-month FU visit).

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted28 Jun 2010 (estimated)
  2. Study startJan 2011
  3. Primary completionMar 2014
  4. Study completionMar 2014

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Single blind
Who is masked
Participant
Enrolment
75 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT01151423
Sponsor's protocol ID
ALX0681-2.1/10
Other IDs
2010-019375-30
Acronym
TITAN
Status last verified
May 2019
First submitted
25 Jun 2010
Last updated
4 Apr 2023
Data monitoring committee
Yes
Individual data sharing
Yes: Qualified researchers may request access to patient level data and related study documents including the clinical study report, study protocol with any amendments, blank case report form, statistical analysis plan, and dataset specifications. Patient level data will be anonymized and study documents will be redacted to protect the privacy of trial participants. Further details on Sanofi's data sharing criteria, eligible studies, and process for requesting access can be found at: https://vivli.org

Publications

  • Peyvandi F, Cataland S, Scully M, Coppo P, Knoebl P, Kremer Hovinga JA, Metjian A, de la Rubia J, Pavenski K, Minkue Mi Edou J, De Winter H, Callewaert F. Caplacizumab prevents refractoriness and mortality in acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: integrated analysis. Blood Adv. 2021 Apr 27;5(8):2137-2141. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001834.

    PubMed 33881463
  • Peyvandi F, Scully M, Kremer Hovinga JA, Cataland S, Knobl P, Wu H, Artoni A, Westwood JP, Mansouri Taleghani M, Jilma B, Callewaert F, Ulrichts H, Duby C, Tersago D; TITAN Investigators. Caplacizumab for Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. N Engl J Med. 2016 Feb 11;374(6):511-22. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1505533.

    PubMed 26863353
  • Holz JB. The TITAN trial--assessing the efficacy and safety of an anti-von Willebrand factor Nanobody in patients with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Transfus Apher Sci. 2012 Jun;46(3):343-6. doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2012.03.027. Epub 2012 Apr 3.

    PubMed 22475545

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 2 study testing Caplacizumab in people with Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, run by Ablynx, a Sanofi company at 51 sites in 13 countries.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 26 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Apr 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 51 sites in United States, Germany, Italy, Australia, Belgium and 8 more countries. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 29 May 2019). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Time-to-response of Treatment Defined by a Confirmed Recovery of Platelets ≥ 150,000/µL (time frame: From the day of first study drug administration up to 30 days after first study drug administration). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01151423, which also lists 3 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Apr 2023.

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