Adult T-Cell Leukemia (ATL)Phase 1/2NCT00924170
Phase II Trial of LMB-2, Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide for Adult T-Cell Leukemia
A Phase 1/2 study testing LMB-2, Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide in people with Adult T-Cell Leukemia (ATL), run by National Cancer Institute (NCI) at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
BACKGROUND: Cluster of differentiation 25 (CD25) (p55, Tac or interleukin 2 receptor (IL2R) alpha) is strongly expressed in virtually 100% of patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), a highly aggressive human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) related malignancy responding poorly to chemotherapy. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 100 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Adult T-Cell Leukemia (ATL)
- What is being tested?
- LMB-2, Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 18 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 31 Oct 2008to 5 May 2021
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 100 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Diagnosis of acute or lymphomatous adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) by flow cytometry of blood or immunohistochemistry of biopsy tissue, confirmed by National Cancer Institute (NCI) Laboratory of Pathology, and previously treated unless the patient is ineligible for or refuses other protocols or treatments for ATL.
- Neutralizing antibodies less than or equal to 75% neutralization of 200 ng/ml of LMB-2.
- At least 18 years old.
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-2.
- Able to understand and give informed consent.
- Negative pregnancy test for females of childbearing potential.
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- The transaminases alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) must each be less than or equal to 3-times the upper limits of normal (UNL) or less than or equal to 10-times normal if due to ATL. Albumin must be greater than or equal to 3.0 gm/dL. Total bilirubin must be less than or equal to 1.5 mg/dL except in patients with Gilberts syndrome (as defined by greater than 80 percent unconjugated bilirubin) it must be less than 5mg/dl.
- Creatinine less than 2.0 mg/dL.
- Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than or equal to 1000/uL and platelets greater than or equal to 50,000/uL.
- Current or prior features of acute ( corrected calcium (Ca)++ > 2.73 or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 2- fold above ULN) or chronic (LDH 1.5-2-fold above ULN or absolute lymphocyte count >4 x10^9/L with T-cells >3.5 x10^9/L) ATL. Patients with smoldering ATL (no acute or chronic features) and symptomatic ATL skin lesions are also eligible.
Who cannot join
- Prior therapy with LMB-2.
- Central nervous system disease as evidenced by clinical symptomatology.
- Cytotoxic chemotherapy, steroids or monoclonal antibody (Mab) within 3 weeks of enrollment, except anti Tac Mab (i.e. daclizumab), which cannot be used within 12 weeks of enrollment. Hydroxyurea is considered different from cytotoxic chemotherapy and may be used up to the day before enrollment providing it is not increased during the week prior to enrollment and that patients disease burden is not decreasing during that time.
- Uncontrolled infection.
- Untreated or uncontrolled 2nd malignancy.
- Patients who are pregnant or breast-feeding.
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- Patients who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C, since in these patients reductions in normal T- or B-cells would increase the risk of exacerbation of their underlying disease. Patients would not be excluded for hepatitis B surface antigen positivity if on Lamivudine or Entecavir.
- Patients receiving warfarin (Coumadin [R])
- Patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 45%.
- Patients with a diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) less than 50% of normal or an forced expiratory volume 1 (FEV1) less than 50% of normal.
- No concomitant use of alternative complimentary therapies or over the counter (OTC) agents allowed without prior approval of the principal investigator (PI).
- Tumor or lymph node masses > 4 cm.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
About this study
BACKGROUND:
- Cluster of differentiation 25 (CD25) (p55, Tac or interleukin 2 receptor (IL2R) alpha) is strongly expressed in virtually 100% of patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), a highly aggressive human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) related malignancy responding poorly to chemotherapy.
- In ATL, the humanized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (Mab) daclizumab produced 13-14% responses, and the anti-CD52 Mab Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) produced response lasting greater than 2 months in 30% of 23 patients.
- LMB-2 is an anti-CD25 recombinant immunotoxin containing variable domains of murine MAb anti-Tac and truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin.
- In a phase I trial at National Cancer Institute (NCI), the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of LMB-2 was 40 microg/Kg intravenous (IV) given every other day for 3 doses (every other day (QOD) times 3). LMB-2 induced greater than 90% tumor reduction rapidly in all 3 ATL patients on protocol, but achieved only 1 partial response due to rapid tumor progression and/or immunogenicity.
- In preclinical models, response from recombinant immunotoxins is limited by high concentrations of soluble receptor in the blood and especially in the interstitial space of the tumor. Synergism was observed with chemotherapy and immunotoxins, possibly due to reduction of soluble receptor in tumor interstitium.
Read more
OBJECTIVES:
-To determine, in nonrandomized fashion, if after verifying its safety, fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) prior to LMB2 for ATL can result in low immunogenicity and a rate of major response lasting greater than 2 months, which may be an improvement over that demonstrated previously from Alemtuzumab (CAMPATH).
Secondary objectives:
- To determine the effect of 1 cycle of FC alone in ATL.
- To examine progression-free and overall survival in ATL after FC/LMB-2.
- Evaluate pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and monitor soluble CD25 and other tumor marker levels in the serum.
- To study the effects of LMB-2 plus FC on normal B- and T-cell subsets by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS).
ELIGIBILITY:
- CD25 plus ATL, untreated or with prior therapy
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-2, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), platelets and albumin at least 1000, 75,000, and 3.0.
DESIGN:
- Fludarabine 25 mg/m(2) IV days 1-3
- Cyclophosphamide 250 mg/m(2) IV days 1-3
- LMB-2 30-40 micro g/Kg IV days 3, 5 and 7.
- LMB-2 dose: Begin with 30 microg/Kg times 3. Escalate to 40 microg/Kg if dose limiting toxicity (DLT) in 0/3 or 1/6 at 30 microg/Kg. Continue at 40 microg/Kg if 0-1 of 6 have DLT at 40 microg/Kg.
- Administer cycle 1 with FC alone. Two weeks after starting cycle 1, begin up to 6 cycles of FC plus LMB-2 at minimum 20-day intervals.
- Accrual goals: 29-37 patients, which includes 4 replacements....
Read the detailed description
BACKGROUND:
- Cluster of differentiation 25 (CD25) (p55, Tac or interleukin receptor 2 (IL2Ra) is strongly expressed in virtually 100 % of patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), a highly aggressive human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) related malignancy responding poorly to chemotherapy.
- In adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), the humanized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (Mab) daclizumab produced 13-14 % responses, and the anti-CD52 Mab Alemtuzumab (Campath- 1H) produced response lasting > 8 weeks in of 30 % of 23 patients.
- LMB-2 is an anti-CD25 recombinant immunotoxin containing variable domains of murine MAb anti-Tac and truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin.
- In a phase I trial at National Cancer Institute (NCI), the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of LMB-2 was 40 mcg/Kg dose intravenous (IV) given every other day for 3 doses (every other day (QOD) x3). LMB-2 induced > 90 % tumor reduction rapidly in all 3 ATL patients on protocol, but achieved only 1 partial response due to rapid tumor progression and/or immunogenicity.
- In preclinical models, response from recombinant immunotoxins is limited by high concentrations of soluble receptor in the blood and especially in the interstitial space of the tumor. Synergism was observed with chemotherapy and immunotoxins, possibly due reduction of soluble receptor in tumor interstitium.
OBJECTIVES:
- To determine, in nonrandomized fashion, if after verifying its safety, fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) prior to LMB2 for ATL can result in low immunogenicity and a rate of major response lasting > 8 weeks which may be an improvement over that demonstrated previously from Alemtuzumab (CAMPATH).
- Secondary objectives
- To determine the effect of 1 cycle of FC alone in ATL.
- To examine progression-free and overall survival in ATL after FC/LMB-2.
- Evaluate pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and monitor soluble CD25 and other tumor marker levels in the serum.
- To study the effects of LMB-2 +FC on normal B- and T-cell subsets by FACS.
ELIGIBILITY:
- CD25+ ATL, untreated or with prior therapy, leukemic type without malignant masses > 4 cm.
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-2, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), platelets and albumin at least 1000, 75,000, and 3.0 respectively.
DESIGN:
- IV fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) days 1-3 (doses listed respectively)
- Patients 1-7 and 10-14, and >18: 25 and 250 mg/m^2/day
- Patients 8-9: 30 and 300 mg/m^2/day
- Patients 15-17: 20 and 200 mg/m^2/day
- LMB-2 dose: Begin with 30 mcg/Kg IV on days 3,5 and 7. Escalate to 40 mcg/Kg if dose limiting toxicity (DLT) in 0/3 or 1/6 at 30 mcg/Kg. Continue at 40 mcg/Kg if 0-1 of 6 have DLT at 40 mcg/Kg.
- Administer cycle 1 with FC alone. Two weeks after starting cycle 1, begin up to 6 cycles of FC plus LMB-2 at minimum 20 day intervals.
- Accrual goals: 29-37 patients, which includes 4 replacements.
- Conditions
- Adult T-Cell Leukemia (ATL)
- Being tested
- LMB-2, Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide
- Keywords
- Immunotoxin, CD25, Immunogenicity, Neutralization, Neutralizing Antibodies, Adult T-Cell Leukemia, Leukemia, ATL
- Medical subject headings
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell, Leukemia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
LMB-2Drug
Begin with 30 mcg/Kg intravenous (IV) on days 3, 5 and 7. Escalate to 40 mcg/Kg if dose limiting toxicity (DLT) in 0/3 or 1/6 at 30 mcg/Kg. Continue at 40 mcg/Kg if 0-1 of 6 have DLT at 40 mcg/Kg.
FludarabineDrug
Also called Fludara
Days 1-3:
Patients 1-7, 10-14, and >18:25mg/m^2/day Patients 8 - 9:30 mg/m^2/day Patients 15- 17:20 mg/m^2/day
CyclophosphamideDrug
Also called Cytoxan
Days 1-3:
Patients 1-7, 10 -14, and >18:250 mg/m^2/day Patients 8 - 9:300 mg/m^2/day Patients 15-17:200 mg/m^2/day
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide/LMB-2 | Experimental | Administer cycle 1 with Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide (FC) alone. Two weeks after starting cycle 1, begin up to 6 cycles of FC plus LMB-2 at minimum 20-day intervals. Receives: Drug: LMB-2; Drug: Fludarabine; Drug: Cyclophosphamide |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Percentage of Participants With a Minimally Durable Clinical Response Rate
Response is based on the International Workshop to Standardize Response Criteria for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and must last >8 weeks to meet the primary endpoint of the study. Complete remission (CR) is complete disappearance of all detectable clinical and radiographic evidence of disease and disappearance of all disease related symptoms if present before therapy and normalization of those biochemical abnormalities definitely assignable to the lymphoma. Partial response is reduction by ≥50% of leukemia cell count or ≥50% reduction in the size of all measurable lesions, and no increase in size of any measurable or evaluable lesion or appearance of new lesion. Stable disease is neither a response nor progressive disease. Progressive disease is appearance of new lesions, or an increase of 50% or greater in the sum of the product of the perpendicular diameters of the measurable lesions or persistent (at least two determinations) doubling of the peripheral blood leukemic cell count.
Measured: 8 weeks
Secondary outcomes (15)
Peak Level of LMB-2 in Adult T-Cell Lymphoma
The maximum analyte concentration in serum was reported using a cytotoxicity assay measuring the level of LMB-2 in the plasma and using purified LMB-2 as a standard curve.
Measured: First 24 hours after the dose given on Cycle 2, day 1
Progression Free Survival (PFS)
PFS was determined by the Kaplan Meier method beginning at the on study date and continuing until progression or last follow-up without progression. Progressive disease is assessed by the International Workshop to Standardize Response Criteria for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, and is the appearance of new lesions, or an increase of 50% or greater in the sum of the product of the perpendicular diameters of the measurable lesions or persistent (at least two determinations) doubling of the peripheral blood leukemic cell count.
Measured: 70 months
Overall Survival (OS)
OS is the time between the first day of treatment to the day of disease progression. Progressive disease is assessed by the International Workshop to Standardize Response Criteria for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, and is the appearance of new lesions, or an increase of 50% or greater in the sum of the product of the perpendicular diameters of the measurable lesions or persistent (at least two determinations) doubling of the peripheral blood leukemic cell count.
Measured: 70 months
Number of Participants With Serious and Non-serious Adverse Events
Here is the number of participants with serious and non-serious adverse events assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria in Adverse Events (CTCAE v4.0). A non-serious adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence. A serious adverse event is an adverse event or suspected adverse reaction that results in death, a life threatening adverse drug experience, hospitalization, disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, congenital anomaly/birth defect or important medical events that jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the previous outcomes mentioned.
Measured: 7 years and 12 days
Number of Participants With Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT)
DLT is a grade II-IV LMB-2 or fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC)-related toxicity, except vascular leak syndrome, alopecia, grade II-III allergic reaction with asymptomatic bronchospasm or urticarial is considered DLT. Grade III aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, and fever are not considered DLT. Grade IV creatine phosphokinase associated with any other DLT or not resolving to <grade II within 2 weeks is considered DLT. Hematologic toxicity is not considered DLT unless it fails to resolve to <grade 2 or baseline by day 18 after cycle 1 or after day 25 after cycles 2-7. DLT from hepatotoxicity, creatine phosphokinase, and vascular leak syndrome is assumed from LMB-2, and hematologic toxicity from fludarabine and cyclophosphamide. Grade III proteinuria lasting <2 weeks after the last dose of LMB-2 is not considered DLT, and needs to resolve to grade 0-2 prior to retreatment.
Measured: 30 days after last dose of LMB2
Soluble Cluster of Differentiation 25 (sCD25) Between Responders and Nonresponders
Tumor tissue, including lymph node or skin biopsies was examined and analysis performed by flow cytometry to determine the amount of cancer cells in the body by measuring proteins which fall off cancer cells and go into the blood.
Measured: First 24 hours after the dose given on Cycle 2, day 1
Area Under the Plasma Concentration (AUC) - LMB2
AUC is a measure of the plasma concentration of drug over time. It is used to characterize drug absorption. Plasma levels were analyzed by cytotoxicity assay.
Measured: First 24 hours after the dose given on Cycle 2, day 1
Post Treatment Effects of LMB-2 + Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide (FC) on Normal B and T Cell Subsets by Flow Cytometry
Peripheral blood was obtained and analyzed by flow cytometry.
Measured: First 24 hours after the dose given on Cycle 2, day 1
Percentage of Patients Who Developed Neutralizing Antibodies After One or More Cycles of LMB-2
Blood was drawn prior to each cycle of LMB-2 to determine if the level, >75% neutralization of 1000ng/ml of LMB-2 of neutralizing antibodies is too high to give additional LMB-2. Analysis was performed by cytotoxicity assay.
Measured: First 24 hours after the dose given on Cycle 2, day 1
Duration of Response (Complete Response + Partial Response)
Duration of response is defined as a response lasting for at least 4 weeks but >8 weeks and is assessed by the International Workshop to Standardize Response Criteria for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Complete remission (CR) is complete disappearance of all detectable clinical and radiographic evidence of disease and disappearance of all disease related symptoms if present before therapy and normalization of those biochemical abnormalities definitely assignable to the lymphoma. Partial response is reduction by ≥50% of leukemia cell count or ≥50% reduction in the size of all measurable lesions, and no increase in size of any measurable or evaluable lesion or appearance of new lesion.
Measured: 69 months
Plasma Clearance (CL) of LMB-2
Dilutions of patient plasma was tested by cytotoxicity assays to determine plasma clearance of LMB-2.The CL is a quantitative measure of the rate at which a drug substance is removed from the body.
Measured: First 24 hours after the dose given on Cycle 2, day 1
Volume of Distribution of LMB-2
Dilutions of patient plasma were tested by cytotoxicity assays to determine volume of distribution of LMB-2. Volume distribution is defined as the theoretical volume in which the total amount of drug would need to be uniformly distributed to produce the desired plasma concentration of a drug. This was measured during the first 24 hours after administration of the dose on cycle 2 day 1.
Measured: 24 hours
Half Life (t1/2) of LMB-2
Dilutions of patient plasma was tested by cytotoxicity assays to determine half life. Plasma decay half-life is the time measured for the plasma concentration of the drug to decrease by one half.
Measured: First 24 hours after the dose given on Cycle 2, day 1
Count of Participants With Grades 3-5 Adverse Events of > 1 Adult T-Cell Leukemia (ATL) Patients Treated With 20+200, 25+250, and 30+300 mg/m^2 LMB-2/Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide
Adverse events is assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria in Adverse Events (CTCAE v4.0). A non-serious adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence. A serious adverse event is an adverse event or suspected adverse reaction that results in death, a life threatening adverse drug experience, hospitalization, disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, congenital anomaly/birth defect or important medical events that jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the previous outcomes mentioned. Grade 3 (mild), Grade 4 (life threatening) and Grade 5 (death).
Measured: 7 years and 12 days
Count of Participants With Adverse Events Attributed At Least Possibly to Patients Treated With Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide Dose Levels 20+200, 25+250, and 30+300 mg/m^2
Adverse events is assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria in Adverse Events (CTCAE v4.0). A non-serious adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence. A serious adverse event is an adverse event or suspected adverse reaction that results in death, a life threatening adverse drug experience, hospitalization, disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, congenital anomaly/birth defect or important medical events that jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the previous outcomes mentioned.
Measured: 7 years and 12 days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 Jun 2009 (estimated)
- Study start31 Oct 2008
- Primary completion2 Jan 2016
- Study completion5 May 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Adult T-Cell Leukemia (ATL)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Cancer Institute (NCI)The sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 18 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Sponsor type
- US National Institutes of Health
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Robert Kreitman, M.D., National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Investigators
- Robert J Kreitman, M.D., Principal investigator, National Cancer Institute (NCI)
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00924170
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 090025
- Other IDs
- 09-C-0025
- Status last verified
- Oct 2023
- First submitted
- 17 Jun 2009
- Last updated
- 14 Nov 2023
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: All individual participant data (IPD) recorded in the medical record will be shared with intramural investigators upon request.
Publications
Waldmann TA, Greene WC, Sarin PS, Saxinger C, Blayney DW, Blattner WA, Goldman CK, Bongiovanni K, Sharrow S, Depper JM, et al. Functional and phenotypic comparison of human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus positive adult T cell leukemia with human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus negative Sezary leukemia, and their distinction using anti-Tac. Monoclonal antibody identifying the human receptor for T cell growth factor. J Clin Invest. 1984 Jun;73(6):1711-8. doi: 10.1172/JCI111379.
PubMed 6327770Leonard WJ, Depper JM, Uchiyama T, Smith KA, Waldmann TA, Greene WC. A monoclonal antibody that appears to recognize the receptor for human T-cell growth factor; partial characterization of the receptor. Nature. 1982 Nov 18;300(5889):267-9. doi: 10.1038/300267a0. No abstract available.
PubMed 6815536Proietti FA, Carneiro-Proietti AB, Catalan-Soares BC, Murphy EL. Global epidemiology of HTLV-I infection and associated diseases. Oncogene. 2005 Sep 5;24(39):6058-68. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208968.
PubMed 16155612Kreitman RJ, Stetler-Stevenson M, Jaffe ES, Conlon KC, Steinberg SM, Wilson W, Waldmann TA, Pastan I. Complete Remissions of Adult T-cell Leukemia with Anti-CD25 Recombinant Immunotoxin LMB-2 and Chemotherapy to Block Immunogenicity. Clin Cancer Res. 2016 Jan 15;22(2):310-8. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-1412. Epub 2015 Sep 8.
PubMed 26350263
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Nov 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Phase II Trial of LMB-2, Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide for Adult T-Cell Leukemia
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00924170
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 090025
- Conditions
- Adult T-Cell Leukemia (ATL)
- Keywords
- Immunotoxin, CD25, Immunogenicity, Neutralization, Neutralizing Antibodies, Adult T-Cell Leukemia, Leukemia, ATL
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 18 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Cancer Institute (NCI)US National Institutes of Health
- Study start
- 31 Oct 2008 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 2 Jan 2016 (actual)
- Study completion
- 5 May 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 18 Jun 2009 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 8 Sep 2017
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
BACKGROUND:
- Cluster of differentiation 25 (CD25) (p55, Tac or interleukin 2 receptor (IL2R) alpha) is strongly expressed in virtually 100% of patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), a highly aggressive human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) related malignancy responding poorly to chemotherapy.
- In ATL, the humanized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (Mab) daclizumab produced 13-14% responses, and the anti-CD52 Mab Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) produced response lasting greater than 2 months in 30% of 23 patients.
- LMB-2 is an anti-CD25 recombinant immunotoxin containing variable domains of murine MAb anti-Tac and truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin.
- In a phase I trial at National Cancer Institute (NCI), the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of LMB-2 was 40 microg/Kg intravenous (IV) given every other day for 3 doses (every other day (QOD) times 3). LMB-2 induced greater than 90% tumor reduction rapidly in all 3 ATL patients on protocol, but achieved only 1 partial response due to rapid tumor progression and/or immunogenicity.
- In preclinical models, response from recombinant immunotoxins is limited by high concentrations of soluble receptor in the blood and especially in the interstitial space of the tumor. Synergism was observed with chemotherapy and immunotoxins, possibly due to reduction of soluble receptor in tumor interstitium.
OBJECTIVES:
-To determine, in nonrandomized fashion, if after verifying its safety, fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) prior to LMB2 for ATL can result in low immunogenicity and a rate of major response lasting greater than 2 months, which may be an improvement over that demonstrated previously from Alemtuzumab (CAMPATH).
Secondary objectives:
- To determine the effect of 1 cycle of FC alone in ATL.
- To examine progression-free and overall survival in ATL after FC/LMB-2.
- Evaluate pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and monitor soluble CD25 and other tumor marker levels in the serum.
- To study the effects of LMB-2 plus FC on normal B- and T-cell subsets by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS).
ELIGIBILITY:
- CD25 plus ATL, untreated or with prior therapy
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-2, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), platelets and albumin at least 1000, 75,000, and 3.0.
DESIGN:
- Fludarabine 25 mg/m(2) IV days 1-3
- Cyclophosphamide 250 mg/m(2) IV days 1-3
- LMB-2 30-40 micro g/Kg IV days 3, 5 and 7.
- LMB-2 dose: Begin with 30 microg/Kg times 3. Escalate to 40 microg/Kg if dose limiting toxicity (DLT) in 0/3 or 1/6 at 30 microg/Kg. Continue at 40 microg/Kg if 0-1 of 6 have DLT at 40 microg/Kg.
- Administer cycle 1 with FC alone. Two weeks after starting cycle 1, begin up to 6 cycles of FC plus LMB-2 at minimum 20-day intervals.
- Accrual goals: 29-37 patients, which includes 4 replacements....
Detailed description
BACKGROUND:
- Cluster of differentiation 25 (CD25) (p55, Tac or interleukin receptor 2 (IL2Ra) is strongly expressed in virtually 100 % of patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), a highly aggressive human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) related malignancy responding poorly to chemotherapy.
- In adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), the humanized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (Mab) daclizumab produced 13-14 % responses, and the anti-CD52 Mab Alemtuzumab (Campath- 1H) produced response lasting > 8 weeks in of 30 % of 23 patients.
- LMB-2 is an anti-CD25 recombinant immunotoxin containing variable domains of murine MAb anti-Tac and truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin.
- In a phase I trial at National Cancer Institute (NCI), the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of LMB-2 was 40 mcg/Kg dose intravenous (IV) given every other day for 3 doses (every other day (QOD) x3). LMB-2 induced > 90 % tumor reduction rapidly in all 3 ATL patients on protocol, but achieved only 1 partial response due to rapid tumor progression and/or immunogenicity.
- In preclinical models, response from recombinant immunotoxins is limited by high concentrations of soluble receptor in the blood and especially in the interstitial space of the tumor. Synergism was observed with chemotherapy and immunotoxins, possibly due reduction of soluble receptor in tumor interstitium.
OBJECTIVES:
- To determine, in nonrandomized fashion, if after verifying its safety, fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) prior to LMB2 for ATL can result in low immunogenicity and a rate of major response lasting > 8 weeks which may be an improvement over that demonstrated previously from Alemtuzumab (CAMPATH).
- Secondary objectives
- To determine the effect of 1 cycle of FC alone in ATL.
- To examine progression-free and overall survival in ATL after FC/LMB-2.
- Evaluate pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and monitor soluble CD25 and other tumor marker levels in the serum.
- To study the effects of LMB-2 +FC on normal B- and T-cell subsets by FACS.
ELIGIBILITY:
- CD25+ ATL, untreated or with prior therapy, leukemic type without malignant masses > 4 cm.
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-2, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), platelets and albumin at least 1000, 75,000, and 3.0 respectively.
DESIGN:
- IV fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) days 1-3 (doses listed respectively)
- Patients 1-7 and 10-14, and >18: 25 and 250 mg/m^2/day
- Patients 8-9: 30 and 300 mg/m^2/day
- Patients 15-17: 20 and 200 mg/m^2/day
- LMB-2 dose: Begin with 30 mcg/Kg IV on days 3,5 and 7. Escalate to 40 mcg/Kg if dose limiting toxicity (DLT) in 0/3 or 1/6 at 30 mcg/Kg. Continue at 40 mcg/Kg if 0-1 of 6 have DLT at 40 mcg/Kg.
- Administer cycle 1 with FC alone. Two weeks after starting cycle 1, begin up to 6 cycles of FC plus LMB-2 at minimum 20 day intervals.
- Accrual goals: 29-37 patients, which includes 4 replacements.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide/LMB-2 | Experimental | Drug: LMB-2, Drug: Fludarabine, Drug: CyclophosphamideAdminister cycle 1 with Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide (FC) alone. Two weeks after starting cycle 1, begin up to 6 cycles of FC plus LMB-2 at minimum 20-day intervals. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 100 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (10 listed)
Key exclusion criteria (12 listed)
- Prior therapy with LMB-2.
- Central nervous system disease as evidenced by clinical symptomatology.
- Cytotoxic chemotherapy, steroids or monoclonal antibody (Mab) within 3 weeks of enrollment, except anti Tac Mab (i.e. daclizumab), which cannot be used within 12 weeks of enrollment. Hydroxyurea is considered different from cytotoxic chemotherapy and may be used up to the day before enrollment providing it is not increased during the week prior to enrollment and that patients disease burden is not decreasing during that time.
- Uncontrolled infection.
- Untreated or uncontrolled 2nd malignancy.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| LMB-2Begin with 30 mcg/Kg intravenous (IV) on days 3, 5 and 7. Escalate to 40 mcg/Kg if dose limiting toxicity (DLT) in 0/3 or 1/6 at 30 mcg/Kg. Continue at 40 mcg/Kg if 0-1 of 6 have DLT at 40 mcg/Kg. | Drug | Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide/LMB-2 |
| FludarabineAlso: FludaraDays 1-3: Patients 1-7, 10-14, and >18:25mg/m^2/day Patients 8 - 9:30 mg/m^2/day Patients 15- 17:20 mg/m^2/day | Drug | Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide/LMB-2 |
| CyclophosphamideAlso: CytoxanDays 1-3: Patients 1-7, 10 -14, and >18:250 mg/m^2/day Patients 8 - 9:300 mg/m^2/day Patients 15-17:200 mg/m^2/day | Drug | Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide/LMB-2 |
Primary outcome
Percentage of Participants With a Minimally Durable Clinical Response Rate
Time frame: 8 weeks
Response is based on the International Workshop to Standardize Response Criteria for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and must last >8 weeks to meet the primary endpoint of the study. Complete remission (CR) is complete disappearance of all detectable clinical and radiographic evidence of disease and disappearance of all disease related symptoms if present before therapy and normalization of those biochemical abnormalities definitely assignable to the lymphoma. Partial response is reduction by ≥50% of leukemia cell count or ≥50% reduction in the size of all measurable lesions, and no increase in size of any measurable or evaluable lesion or appearance of new lesion. Stable disease is neither a response nor progressive disease. Progressive disease is appearance of new lesions, or an increase of 50% or greater in the sum of the product of the perpendicular diameters of the measurable lesions or persistent (at least two determinations) doubling of the peripheral blood leukemic cell count.
15 secondary outcomes
Peak Level of LMB-2 in Adult T-Cell Lymphoma
Time frame: First 24 hours after the dose given on Cycle 2, day 1
Progression Free Survival (PFS)
Time frame: 70 months
Overall Survival (OS)
Time frame: 70 months
Number of Participants With Serious and Non-serious Adverse Events
Time frame: 7 years and 12 days
Number of Participants With Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT)
Time frame: 30 days after last dose of LMB2
Soluble Cluster of Differentiation 25 (sCD25) Between Responders and Nonresponders
Time frame: First 24 hours after the dose given on Cycle 2, day 1
Area Under the Plasma Concentration (AUC) - LMB2
Time frame: First 24 hours after the dose given on Cycle 2, day 1
Post Treatment Effects of LMB-2 + Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide (FC) on Normal B and T Cell Subsets by Flow Cytometry
Time frame: First 24 hours after the dose given on Cycle 2, day 1
Percentage of Patients Who Developed Neutralizing Antibodies After One or More Cycles of LMB-2
Time frame: First 24 hours after the dose given on Cycle 2, day 1
Duration of Response (Complete Response + Partial Response)
Time frame: 69 months
Plasma Clearance (CL) of LMB-2
Time frame: First 24 hours after the dose given on Cycle 2, day 1
Volume of Distribution of LMB-2
Time frame: 24 hours
Half Life (t1/2) of LMB-2
Time frame: First 24 hours after the dose given on Cycle 2, day 1
Count of Participants With Grades 3-5 Adverse Events of > 1 Adult T-Cell Leukemia (ATL) Patients Treated With 20+200, 25+250, and 30+300 mg/m^2 LMB-2/Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide
Time frame: 7 years and 12 days
Count of Participants With Adverse Events Attributed At Least Possibly to Patients Treated With Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide Dose Levels 20+200, 25+250, and 30+300 mg/m^2
Time frame: 7 years and 12 days
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Nov 2023.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 6327770Waldmann TA, Greene WC, Sarin PS, Saxinger C, Blayney DW, Blattner WA, Goldman CK, Bongiovanni K, Sharrow S, Depper JM, et al. Functional and phenotypic comparison of human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus positive adult T cell leukemia with human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus negative Sezary leukemia, and their distinction using anti-Tac. Monoclonal antibody identifying the human receptor for T cell growth factor. J Clin Invest. 1984 Jun;73(6):1711-8. doi: 10.1172/JCI111379.
- Background: PubMed 6815536Leonard WJ, Depper JM, Uchiyama T, Smith KA, Waldmann TA, Greene WC. A monoclonal antibody that appears to recognize the receptor for human T-cell growth factor; partial characterization of the receptor. Nature. 1982 Nov 18;300(5889):267-9. doi: 10.1038/300267a0. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 16155612Proietti FA, Carneiro-Proietti AB, Catalan-Soares BC, Murphy EL. Global epidemiology of HTLV-I infection and associated diseases. Oncogene. 2005 Sep 5;24(39):6058-68. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208968.
- Background: PubMed 26350263Kreitman RJ, Stetler-Stevenson M, Jaffe ES, Conlon KC, Steinberg SM, Wilson W, Waldmann TA, Pastan I. Complete Remissions of Adult T-cell Leukemia with Anti-CD25 Recombinant Immunotoxin LMB-2 and Chemotherapy to Block Immunogenicity. Clin Cancer Res. 2016 Jan 15;22(2):310-8. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-1412. Epub 2015 Sep 8.
- NIH Clinical Center Detailed Web PageLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. All individual participant data (IPD) recorded in the medical record will be shared with intramural investigators upon request.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Robert J Kreitman, M.D. principal investigator
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1/2 study testing LMB-2, Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide in people with Adult T-Cell Leukemia (ATL), run by National Cancer Institute (NCI) at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 10 inclusion and 12 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Nov 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this combined phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 8 Sep 2017). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Percentage of Participants With a Minimally Durable Clinical Response Rate (time frame: 8 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00924170, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Nov 2023.