Esophageal and Gastric VaricesPhase 4NCT00838864
Comparison of 3 Days and 7 Days Intravenous Ceftriaxone Prophylaxis for Variceal Bleeding
A Phase 4 study testing ceftrioxone in people with Esophageal and Gastric Varices and Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, run by Far Eastern Memorial Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
Prophylactic antibiotics have been routinely recommended for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding recently. However, the regimen and duration of its use remain an inconclusive issue. Quinolones and 3rd generation cephalosporins have been more often used for prophyalxis recently. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Esophageal and Gastric Varices, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
- What is being tested?
- ceftrioxone
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 79 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- Mar 2009to Apr 2013
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- those patients suffering from variceal bleeding documented by endoscopic examination and without apparent evidence of infection.
Who cannot join
- received antibiotics within 2 weeks, less than 18 years old, get pregnant, have malignancy other than HCC, have allergy to ceftrioxone
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Comparison of 3 Days and 7 Days Intravenous Ceftriaxone Prophylaxis in Patients With Acute Variceal Bleeding
Prophylactic antibiotics have been routinely recommended for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding recently. However, the regimen and duration of its use remain an inconclusive issue. Quinolones and 3rd generation cephalosporins have been more often used for prophyalxis recently. The duration for antibiotic usage were variable in the literatures, ranged from 4-10 days. The latest guideline from AASLD in 2007 was 7 days. In the survey of infections in cirrhotic patients with UGI bleeding performed by Bernard et al, most infections occurred in the first 5 days and half within the first 48 hours. Therefore, considering the cost-effectiveness and drug resistance issues, the necessity for such prophylaxis for 7 days may need to be re-evaluated.
The purpose of our study is to investigate the antibiotic prophylaxis duration for cirrhotic patients with acute gastro-esophageal variceal bleeding. We will enroll those patients suffering from variceal bleeding documented by endoscopic examination and without apparent evidence of infection. Those who have received antibiotics within 2 weeks, are less than 18 years old, get pregnant, have malignancy other than HCC, have allergy to ceftrioxone are excluded. After receiving well explanation and giving consent, these patients are randomly allocated to 2 groups and receive prophylactic antibiotic just after endoscopic examination; Group I: receiving ceftriaxone 500 mg iv bolus stat and then q12h for 3 days, Group II: receiving ceftriaxone 500 mg iv bolus stat and then q12h for 7 days. They will receive appropriate endoscopic treatment for gastro-esophgeal varices and glypressin 1mg q6h for 3 days. They will start to feed on the 2nd day if not contraindicated. The 2nd endoscopic treatment for varices will be performed 2 weeks later. We record the demographic data, vital signs, transfusion amount; check hemogram, U/A, CXR, ascites routine (with apparent ascites), classification of variceal size and Child-Pugh classification. We monitor the events of rebleeding \& infection, transfusion amount and hospitalization days We use rebleeding rate within 14 days as the primary end point. It is defined as the following events after initial stabilization of vital signs for 24 hours; (1): recurrence of hematemesis or bloody stool (2); need of transfusion more than 2 unit of blood and systolic pressure < 100 mmHg or pulse rate > 100/mn. We use infection rate during admission and mortality rate within 28 days as secondary end points.
Read the detailed description
- Patient including \& excluding Criteria Including: Those were diagnosed to have gastro-esophageal variceal bleeding after endoscopic examination. No evidence suggestive of infection was found including: 1)fever more than 37.5。C, 2)leucocytosis with WBC > 15000 mm3 or immature neutrophils > 500 mm3, 3)PMN of ascites more than 250/mm3，4)urinalysis, WBC > 15 WBC/HPF, 5)suspected pneuminia in CXR. Excluding:1)no consent 2)already has infection 3) antibiotic usage within 14 days 4) less than 18 years old 5) pregnancy 6) has malignancy other than HCC 7) allergy to ceftriaxone
- Management, Allocation and Prophylaxis Those with esophageal variceal bleeding receive edoscopic variceal ligation; those with gastric variceal bleeding receive Histoacryl injection therapy. They all recieve glypressin 1mg q6h injection for 3 days and start to feed on the second day if not contraindicated. We will perform 2nd session of endoscopic treatment 14 days later. These patients will randomly alloacted to 2 groups and recieve prophylactic antibiotic after 1st endoscopic treatment; Group I: ceftriaxone 500 mg iv bolus stat and then q12h for 3 days, Group II: ceftriaxone 500 mg iv bolus stat and then q12h for 7 days. If rebleeding occurs after allocation, further treatment was decided by attending physician. If active infection occurs during prophylaxis period and no improvement was observed for 24 hours, ceftriaxone use will be stopped and further treatment was decided by attending physician.
- Data record and Surveillance Data Record: We will record the basic data of the patietns: including: age, sex, co-morbidity (CAD, heart failure, COPD, chronic liver and renal diseases, malignancy, etc);hemogram before allocation,U/A, transfusion amount,ascites routine if significant ascites noted,CXR, endoscopic finding of varices; lowest blood pressure before allocation, Child-Pugh classification of the patient Surveillance: rebleeding and infection during admission, Transfusion amount and hospitalization day after allocation, rebleeding rate within 14 days \& mortality rate within 28 days.
- End points Primary end points: Rebleeding rate within 14 days after initial endoscopic treatment. Definition of rebleeding: the following manifestation after stabilization of vital sign for 24 hours,(1) appearance of hematemesis and bloody stool(2) need of transfusion more than 2 units of blood and vital sign change (systolic pressure < 100 mmHg or heart rate >100 beats/min).
Secondary end points: infection during admission, mortality rate within 28 days. Definition of infection: 1) bacteremia：positive blood culture, but no definite focus indentified, 2) spontaneous bacterial peritonitis : ascites routine: PMN> 250/mm3, 3)urinary tract infection: U/A WBC > 15/HPF and positive urine culture, 4)other infections: suspected by clinical, radiological or other bacterialogical examination, 5)respiratory tract infection:CXR changes with clinical evidence, 6)possible infection: fever (>37.5。C more than 6 hours) and leucocytosis,WBC > 15000 mm3 ，but with negative blood culture
- Being tested
- ceftrioxone
- Keywords
- variceal bleeding, antibiotic prophylaxis, ceftrioxone
- Medical subject headings
- Esophageal and Gastric Varices, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ceftrioxoneDrug
Also called Rocephin
500 mg iv q12h for 3 days
ceftrioxoneDrug
Also called Rocephin
500 mg q12h for 7 days
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Active comparator | ceftrioxone 500mg q12h for 3 days Receives: Drug: ceftrioxone |
| 2 | Active comparator | ceftrioxone 500 mg q12h for 7 days Receives: Drug: ceftrioxone |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
rebleeding rate within 14 days
Measured: 14 days
Secondary outcomes (1)
motarlity rate within 28 days
Measured: 28 days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted9 Feb 2009 (estimated)
- Study startMar 2009
- Primary completionMar 2013
- Study completionApr 2013
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (16)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Esophageal and Gastric VaricesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 79 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Far Eastern Memorial Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Tzong-Hsi Lee, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital
- Investigators
- Tzong-Hsi Lee, M.D., Principal investigator, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00838864
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FEMH-97-C-010
- Status last verified
- Jan 2009
- First submitted
- 6 Feb 2009
- Last updated
- 31 Aug 2015
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Bleichner G, Boulanger R, Squara P, Sollet JP, Parent A. Frequency of infections in cirrhotic patients presenting with acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Br J Surg. 1986 Sep;73(9):724-6. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800730916.
PubMed 3489499Bernard B, Cadranel JF, Valla D, Escolano S, Jarlier V, Opolon P. Prognostic significance of bacterial infection in bleeding cirrhotic patients: a prospective study. Gastroenterology. 1995 Jun;108(6):1828-34. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90146-9.
PubMed 7768389Bernard B, Grange JD, Khac EN, Amiot X, Opolon P, Poynard T. Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis. Hepatology. 1999 Jun;29(6):1655-61. doi: 10.1002/hep.510290608.
PubMed 10347104Fernandez J, Navasa M, Gomez J, Colmenero J, Vila J, Arroyo V, Rodes J. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis. Hepatology. 2002 Jan;35(1):140-8. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2002.30082.
PubMed 11786970Garcia-Tsao G, Sanyal AJ, Grace ND, Carey WD; Practice Guidelines Committee of American Association for Study of Liver Diseases; Practice Parameters Committee of American College of Gastroenterology. Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007 Sep;102(9):2086-102. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01481.x. No abstract available.
PubMed 17727436Husova L, Lata J, Husa P, Senkyrik M, Jurankova J, Dite P. Bacterial infection and acute bleeding from upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatogastroenterology. 2005 Sep-Oct;52(65):1488-90.
PubMed 16201103Hou MC, Lin HC, Liu TT, Kuo BI, Lee FY, Chang FY, Lee SD. Antibiotic prophylaxis after endoscopic therapy prevents rebleeding in acute variceal hemorrhage: a randomized trial. Hepatology. 2004 Mar;39(3):746-53. doi: 10.1002/hep.20126.
PubMed 14999693Alonso MJ, Aller MA, Corcuera MT, Nava MP, Gomez F, Angulo A, Arias J. Progressive hepatocytic fatty infiltration in rats with prehepatic portal hypertension. Hepatogastroenterology. 2005 Mar-Apr;52(62):541-6.
PubMed 15816474Jun CH, Park CH, Lee WS, Joo YE, Kim HS, Choi SK, Rew JS, Kim SJ, Kim YD. Antibiotic prophylaxis using third generation cephalosporins can reduce the risk of early rebleeding in the first acute gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage: a prospective randomized study. J Korean Med Sci. 2006 Oct;21(5):883-90. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2006.21.5.883.
PubMed 17043424Soriano G, Guarner C, Tomas A, Villanueva C, Torras X, Gonzalez D, Sainz S, Anguera A, Cusso X, Balanzo J, et al. Norfloxacin prevents bacterial infection in cirrhotics with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Gastroenterology. 1992 Oct;103(4):1267-72. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(92)91514-5.
PubMed 1397884Wilbur K, Sidhu K. Antimicrobial therapy in patients with acute variceal hemorrhage. Can J Gastroenterol. 2005 Oct;19(10):607-11. doi: 10.1155/2005/759360.
PubMed 16247523Pohl J, Pollmann K, Sauer P, Ring A, Stremmel W, Schlenker T. Antibiotic prophylaxis after variceal hemorrhage reduces incidence of early rebleeding. Hepatogastroenterology. 2004 Mar-Apr;51(56):541-6.
PubMed 15086198Garcia-Tsao G, Sanyal AJ, Grace ND, Carey W; Practice Guidelines Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2007 Sep;46(3):922-38. doi: 10.1002/hep.21907. No abstract available.
PubMed 17879356de Franchis R. Evolving consensus in portal hypertension. Report of the Baveno IV consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2005 Jul;43(1):167-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2005.05.009. No abstract available.
PubMed 15925423Lata J, Jurankova J, Husova L, Senkyrik M, Dite P, Dastych M, Pribramska V, Kroupa R. Variceal bleeding in portal hypertension: bacterial infection and comparison of efficacy of intravenous and per-oral application of antibiotics--a randomized trial. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Oct;17(10):1105-10. doi: 10.1097/00042737-200510000-00015.
PubMed 16148557
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 31 Aug 2015. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of 3 Days and 7 Days Intravenous Ceftriaxone Prophylaxis in Patients With Acute Variceal Bleeding
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00838864
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FEMH-97-C-010
- Keywords
- variceal bleeding, antibiotic prophylaxis, ceftrioxone
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 79 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Far Eastern Memorial HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Mar 2009
- Primary completion
- Mar 2013 (actual)
- Study completion
- Apr 2013 (actual)
- First posted
- 9 Feb 2009 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Prophylactic antibiotics have been routinely recommended for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding recently. However, the regimen and duration of its use remain an inconclusive issue. Quinolones and 3rd generation cephalosporins have been more often used for prophyalxis recently. The duration for antibiotic usage were variable in the literatures, ranged from 4-10 days. The latest guideline from AASLD in 2007 was 7 days. In the survey of infections in cirrhotic patients with UGI bleeding performed by Bernard et al, most infections occurred in the first 5 days and half within the first 48 hours. Therefore, considering the cost-effectiveness and drug resistance issues, the necessity for such prophylaxis for 7 days may need to be re-evaluated.
The purpose of our study is to investigate the antibiotic prophylaxis duration for cirrhotic patients with acute gastro-esophageal variceal bleeding. We will enroll those patients suffering from variceal bleeding documented by endoscopic examination and without apparent evidence of infection. Those who have received antibiotics within 2 weeks, are less than 18 years old, get pregnant, have malignancy other than HCC, have allergy to ceftrioxone are excluded. After receiving well explanation and giving consent, these patients are randomly allocated to 2 groups and receive prophylactic antibiotic just after endoscopic examination; Group I: receiving ceftriaxone 500 mg iv bolus stat and then q12h for 3 days, Group II: receiving ceftriaxone 500 mg iv bolus stat and then q12h for 7 days. They will receive appropriate endoscopic treatment for gastro-esophgeal varices and glypressin 1mg q6h for 3 days. They will start to feed on the 2nd day if not contraindicated. The 2nd endoscopic treatment for varices will be performed 2 weeks later. We record the demographic data, vital signs, transfusion amount; check hemogram, U/A, CXR, ascites routine (with apparent ascites), classification of variceal size and Child-Pugh classification. We monitor the events of rebleeding \& infection, transfusion amount and hospitalization days We use rebleeding rate within 14 days as the primary end point. It is defined as the following events after initial stabilization of vital signs for 24 hours; (1): recurrence of hematemesis or bloody stool (2); need of transfusion more than 2 unit of blood and systolic pressure < 100 mmHg or pulse rate > 100/mn. We use infection rate during admission and mortality rate within 28 days as secondary end points.
Detailed description
- Patient including \& excluding Criteria Including: Those were diagnosed to have gastro-esophageal variceal bleeding after endoscopic examination. No evidence suggestive of infection was found including: 1)fever more than 37.5。C, 2)leucocytosis with WBC > 15000 mm3 or immature neutrophils > 500 mm3, 3)PMN of ascites more than 250/mm3，4)urinalysis, WBC > 15 WBC/HPF, 5)suspected pneuminia in CXR. Excluding:1)no consent 2)already has infection 3) antibiotic usage within 14 days 4) less than 18 years old 5) pregnancy 6) has malignancy other than HCC 7) allergy to ceftriaxone
- Management, Allocation and Prophylaxis Those with esophageal variceal bleeding receive edoscopic variceal ligation; those with gastric variceal bleeding receive Histoacryl injection therapy. They all recieve glypressin 1mg q6h injection for 3 days and start to feed on the second day if not contraindicated. We will perform 2nd session of endoscopic treatment 14 days later. These patients will randomly alloacted to 2 groups and recieve prophylactic antibiotic after 1st endoscopic treatment; Group I: ceftriaxone 500 mg iv bolus stat and then q12h for 3 days, Group II: ceftriaxone 500 mg iv bolus stat and then q12h for 7 days. If rebleeding occurs after allocation, further treatment was decided by attending physician. If active infection occurs during prophylaxis period and no improvement was observed for 24 hours, ceftriaxone use will be stopped and further treatment was decided by attending physician.
- Data record and Surveillance Data Record: We will record the basic data of the patietns: including: age, sex, co-morbidity (CAD, heart failure, COPD, chronic liver and renal diseases, malignancy, etc);hemogram before allocation,U/A, transfusion amount,ascites routine if significant ascites noted,CXR, endoscopic finding of varices; lowest blood pressure before allocation, Child-Pugh classification of the patient Surveillance: rebleeding and infection during admission, Transfusion amount and hospitalization day after allocation, rebleeding rate within 14 days \& mortality rate within 28 days.
- End points Primary end points: Rebleeding rate within 14 days after initial endoscopic treatment. Definition of rebleeding: the following manifestation after stabilization of vital sign for 24 hours,(1) appearance of hematemesis and bloody stool(2) need of transfusion more than 2 units of blood and vital sign change (systolic pressure < 100 mmHg or heart rate >100 beats/min).
Secondary end points: infection during admission, mortality rate within 28 days. Definition of infection: 1) bacteremia：positive blood culture, but no definite focus indentified, 2) spontaneous bacterial peritonitis : ascites routine: PMN> 250/mm3, 3)urinary tract infection: U/A WBC > 15/HPF and positive urine culture, 4)other infections: suspected by clinical, radiological or other bacterialogical examination, 5)respiratory tract infection:CXR changes with clinical evidence, 6)possible infection: fever (>37.5。C more than 6 hours) and leucocytosis,WBC > 15000 mm3 ，but with negative blood culture
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Active comparator | Drug: ceftrioxoneceftrioxone 500mg q12h for 3 days |
| 2 | Active comparator | Drug: ceftrioxoneceftrioxone 500 mg q12h for 7 days |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- those patients suffering from variceal bleeding documented by endoscopic examination and without apparent evidence of infection.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- received antibiotics within 2 weeks, less than 18 years old, get pregnant, have malignancy other than HCC, have allergy to ceftrioxone
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| ceftrioxoneAlso: Rocephin500 mg iv q12h for 3 days | Drug | 1 |
| ceftrioxoneAlso: Rocephin500 mg q12h for 7 days | Drug | 2 |
Primary outcome
rebleeding rate within 14 days
Time frame: 14 days
1 secondary outcome
motarlity rate within 28 days
Time frame: 28 days
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 31 Aug 2015.
- Background: PubMed 3489499Bleichner G, Boulanger R, Squara P, Sollet JP, Parent A. Frequency of infections in cirrhotic patients presenting with acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Br J Surg. 1986 Sep;73(9):724-6. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800730916.
- Background: PubMed 7768389Bernard B, Cadranel JF, Valla D, Escolano S, Jarlier V, Opolon P. Prognostic significance of bacterial infection in bleeding cirrhotic patients: a prospective study. Gastroenterology. 1995 Jun;108(6):1828-34. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90146-9.
- Background: PubMed 10347104Bernard B, Grange JD, Khac EN, Amiot X, Opolon P, Poynard T. Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis. Hepatology. 1999 Jun;29(6):1655-61. doi: 10.1002/hep.510290608.
- Background: PubMed 11786970Fernandez J, Navasa M, Gomez J, Colmenero J, Vila J, Arroyo V, Rodes J. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis. Hepatology. 2002 Jan;35(1):140-8. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2002.30082.
- Background: PubMed 17727436Garcia-Tsao G, Sanyal AJ, Grace ND, Carey WD; Practice Guidelines Committee of American Association for Study of Liver Diseases; Practice Parameters Committee of American College of Gastroenterology. Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007 Sep;102(9):2086-102. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01481.x. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 16201103Husova L, Lata J, Husa P, Senkyrik M, Jurankova J, Dite P. Bacterial infection and acute bleeding from upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatogastroenterology. 2005 Sep-Oct;52(65):1488-90.
- Background: PubMed 14999693Hou MC, Lin HC, Liu TT, Kuo BI, Lee FY, Chang FY, Lee SD. Antibiotic prophylaxis after endoscopic therapy prevents rebleeding in acute variceal hemorrhage: a randomized trial. Hepatology. 2004 Mar;39(3):746-53. doi: 10.1002/hep.20126.
- Background: PubMed 15816474Alonso MJ, Aller MA, Corcuera MT, Nava MP, Gomez F, Angulo A, Arias J. Progressive hepatocytic fatty infiltration in rats with prehepatic portal hypertension. Hepatogastroenterology. 2005 Mar-Apr;52(62):541-6.
- Background: PubMed 17043424Jun CH, Park CH, Lee WS, Joo YE, Kim HS, Choi SK, Rew JS, Kim SJ, Kim YD. Antibiotic prophylaxis using third generation cephalosporins can reduce the risk of early rebleeding in the first acute gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage: a prospective randomized study. J Korean Med Sci. 2006 Oct;21(5):883-90. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2006.21.5.883.
- Background: PubMed 1397884Soriano G, Guarner C, Tomas A, Villanueva C, Torras X, Gonzalez D, Sainz S, Anguera A, Cusso X, Balanzo J, et al. Norfloxacin prevents bacterial infection in cirrhotics with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Gastroenterology. 1992 Oct;103(4):1267-72. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(92)91514-5.
- Background: PubMed 16247523Wilbur K, Sidhu K. Antimicrobial therapy in patients with acute variceal hemorrhage. Can J Gastroenterol. 2005 Oct;19(10):607-11. doi: 10.1155/2005/759360.
- Background: PubMed 15086198Pohl J, Pollmann K, Sauer P, Ring A, Stremmel W, Schlenker T. Antibiotic prophylaxis after variceal hemorrhage reduces incidence of early rebleeding. Hepatogastroenterology. 2004 Mar-Apr;51(56):541-6.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Tzong-Hsi Lee, M.D. principal investigator
Far Eastern Memorial Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing ceftrioxone in people with Esophageal and Gastric Varices and Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, run by Far Eastern Memorial Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 31 Aug 2015. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
rebleeding rate within 14 days (time frame: 14 days). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00838864, which also lists 16 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 31 Aug 2015.