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Gastric Acid Secretory DisordersNCT00702533

A New Method for Determining Gastric Acid Output Using a Wireless Capsule

An observational study of Gastric Acid Secretory Disorders, run by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

Background: Acid-related gastrointestinal disorders are numerous and may require chronic treatment and maintenance, but they are often difficult to diagnose and treat. Gastric analysis is a critical tool for diagnosing and treating acid-related disorders; however, at present it requires a technically difficult… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
Conditions the study is for
Gastric Acid Secretory Disorders
What is being tested?
Pentagastrin Injection BP and Pentagastrin
How many people
80 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
18 Jun 2008to not given
Phase
Observational
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Study population: Healthy volunteers and patients with gastric acid secretory disorders

Who may be able to join

  • Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) as diagnosed by one of the following criteria: histologic confirmation of gastrinoma, positive provocative testing with secretin (an increase of >200 pg/mL postinjection), gastric acid hypersecretion (BAO > 15) in the presence of hypergastrinemia (fasting serum gastrin > 99)
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia type-I (MEN1) with suspicion of ZES (hypergastrinemia) undergoing evaluation. MEN-I with ZES
  • Hypergastrinemia (serum gastrin > 99)
  • Patients must meet at least 1 of the above inclusion criteria and the following:
  • Ages equal to or greater than 18 years
  • Male, females, all ethnicities
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  • Gastric acid hypersecretion (BAO>15 mEq/hr)
  • Conditions with gastric acid hypersecretion including, but not limited to, patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM)
  • Refractory GERD (patients with persistant symptoms despite being on standard medical therapy), PUD, and suspected idiopathic gastric hypersecretion
  • Patients must meet at least 1 of the above inclusion criteria and the following:
  • Ages equal to or greater than 18 years
  • Male, females, all ethnicities
  • -Medication-controlled (patients whose symptoms resolve with medication):GERD, PUD, and suspected idiopathic gastric hypersecretion
  • Patients must meet the above inclusion criteria and the following
  • Ages equal to or greater than 18 years
  • Male, females, all ethnicities

Who cannot join

  • History of gastric surgery (gastrectomy, pyloroplasty)
  • Use of bowel motility medications such as, but not limited to, Reglan, Immodium, and Lomotil
  • Contraindication to SmartPill: history of gastric bezoar, disorders of swallowing, suspected strictures, fistulas, or physiological GI obstruction, GI surgery within the past three months, severe dysphagia to food or pills, Crohn s Disease or diverticulitis, a subject who uses an implanted or portable electro-mechanical medical device such as a cardiac pacemaker or infusion pump
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding. Females of childbearing potential must be on an acceptable means of birth control and no intercourse in 2 weeks prior to study enrollment.
  • Lactose intolerance or inability to drink standard meal of Ensure Plus
  • Estabished diagnosis of gastroparesis
Show all 51Show fewer
  • Significant systemic or major illnesses including, but not limited to, stroke, congestive heart failure, renal failure (creatinine clearance < 50 ml/min), organ transplantation, angina pectoris, active malignancy, and autonomic neuropathy
  • Unstable psychiatric conditions, untreated or uncontrolled depression or generalized anxiety disorder, substance abuse within the past year, in order to prevent feeling of being uncomfortable or to prevent lack of follow-up
  • Use of not-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 2 weeks prior to study enrollment
  • Phase IIIA, Use in Patients with Refractory GERD, Peptic ulcer disease, Idiopathic Gastric Hypersecretion
  • History of gastric surgery (gastrectomy, pyloroplasty).
  • Use of bowel motility medications such as, but not limited to, Reglan, Immodium, and Lomotil
  • Contraindication to SmartPill: history of gastric bezoar, disorders of swallowing, suspected strictures, fistulas, or physiological GI obstruction, GI surgery within the past three months, severe dysphagia to food or pills, Crohn s Disease or diverticulitis, a subject who uses an implanted or portable electro-mechanical medical device such as a cardiac pacemaker or infusion pump
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding. Females of childbearing potential must be on an acceptable means of birth control and no intercourse in 2 weeks prior to study enrollment.
  • Lactose intolerance or inability to drink standard meal of Ensure Plus
  • Established diagnosis of gastroparesis
  • Significant systemic or major illnesses including, but not limited to, stroke, congestive heart failure, renal failure (creatinine clearance < 50 ml/min), organ transplantation, angina pectoris, active malignancy, and autonomic neuropathy
  • Unstable psychiatric conditions, untreated or uncontrolled depression or generalized anxiety disorders, substance abuse within the past year, in order to prevent feeling of being uncomfortable or to prevent lack of follow-up. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 2 weeks prior to study enrollment.
  • Phase IIIB, Use in Patients with Medication-Controlled: GERD, Peptic ulcer disease, Idiopathic Gastric Hypersecretion
  • Refractory to medication: GERD (patients with persistant symptoms despite being on standard medical therapy), PUD, and suspected idiopathic gastric hypersecretion
  • History of gastric surgery (gastrectomy, pyloroplasty).
  • Use of bowel motility medications such as, but not limited to, Reglan, Immodium, and Lomotil
  • Contraindication to SmartPill: history of gastric bezoar, disorders of swallowing, suspected strictures, fistulas, or physiological GI obstruction, GI surgery within the past three months, severe dysphagia to food or pills, Crohn s Disease or diverticulitis, a subject who uses an implanted or portable electro-mechanical medical device such as a cardiac pacemaker or infusion pump
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding. Females of childbearing potential must be on an acceptable means of birth control and no intercourse in 2 weeks prior to study enrollment.
  • Lactose intolerance or inability to drink standard meal of Ensure Plus
  • Established diagnosis of gastroparesis
  • Significant systemic or major illnesses including, but not limited to, stroke, congestive heart failure, renal failure (creatinine clearance < 50 ml/min), organ transplantation, angina pectoris, active malignancy, and autonomic neuropathy
  • Unstable psychiatric conditions, untreated or uncontrolled depression or genralized anxiety disorders, substance abuse within the past year, in order to prevent feeling of being uncomfortable or to prevent lack of follow-up
  • Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 2 weeks prior to study enrollment
  • RECRUITMENT IS CLOSED FOR Phase IA/IB, Validation and Establishment of Nomogram in Healthy Volunteers
  • PHASE IA/IB INCLUSION:
  • Healthy volunteers
  • Ages 18-60
  • Males, females, all ethnicities
  • PHASE IA/IB EXCLUSION:
  • History of gastric or bowel surgery
  • Use of bowel motility medications such as, but not limited to, Reglan, Immodium, and Lomotil
  • Use of antacid, antisecretory, and anticholinergic medications such as, but not limited to, proton pump inhibitors and histamine 2 receptor antagonists
  • Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 2 weeks prior to study enrollment
  • Hypersecretory and hyposecretory related conditions including, but not limited to, pernicious anemia, atrophic gastritis, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
  • Contraindication to NGT: deviated septum, history of transphenoidal surgery, chronic sinusitis, severe facial trauma (cribriform plate disruption, sustained head trauma, maxillofacial injury, or anterior fossa skull fracture), esophageal stricture, esophageal varices, altered mental status, and impaired airway
  • Contraindication to scintigraphy: allergy to sulfa-colloid
  • Contraindication to pentagastrin: allergy to pentagastrin, active gastrointestinal bleeding, active peptic ulcer disease, active gallbladder and liver disease, pancreatitis, and bowel obstruction
  • Contraindication to SmartPill: history of gastric bezoar, disorders of swallowing, suspected strictures, fistulas, or physiological GI obstruction, GI surgery within the past three months, severe dysphagia to food or pills, Crohns disease or diverticulosis, and implanted or portable electro-mechanical medical device such as a cardiac pacemaker or infusion pump
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding. Females of childbearing potential must be on an acceptable means of birth control and no intercourse in 2 weeks prior to study enrollment.
  • Lactose intolerance or inability to drink standard meal of Ensure Plus
  • Helicobacter pylori infection
  • Gastroparesis
  • History of gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, irritable bowel syndrome, or inflammatory bowel disease
  • Significant systemic or major illnesses including, but not limited to, stroke, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, congestive heart failure, renal failure (creatinine clearance < 50 ml/min), organ transplantation, angina pectoris, active malignancy, diabetes, or autonomic neuropathy
  • Unstable psychiatric conditions, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, or substance abuse within the past year, in order to prevent feeling of being uncomfortable or to prevent lack of follow-up

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site
  • National Institutes of Health Clinical Center

    Bethesda, Maryland, 20892

Other trials in United States

About this study

Background:

  • Acid-related gastrointestinal disorders are numerous and may require chronic treatment and maintenance, but they are often difficult to diagnose and treat. Gastric analysis is a critical tool for diagnosing and treating acid-related disorders; however, at present it requires a technically difficult procedure, using a nasogastric tube, that is costly, invasive, and uncomfortable. Recently a new tool, the SmartPill, has been developed that can measure acid levels, temperature, and pressure throughout the stomach, small intestine, and colon by swallowing a small capsule. Researchers are interested in comparing current methods of measuring stomach acid with the SmartPill by studying both healthy volunteers and individuals with acid-related gastrointestinal disorders.
Read more

Objectives:

  • To evaluate the usefulness and accuracy of the SmartPill for gastric analysis, compared with current procedures.

Eligibility:

  • Phase 1A/1B: Healthy volunteers between 18 and 60 years of age.
  • Phase 2: Individuals at least 18 years of age who have been diagnosed with Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome or acid hypersecretion.
  • Phase 3: Individuals at least 18 years of age who have been diagnosed with refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, or idiopathic gastric hypersecretion.

Design:

  • This study involves a screening visit, a 3-day inpatient study visit, and possible additional outpatient visits.
  • Participants will be screened with a medical history and physical examination, as well as blood and urine samples.
  • Phase 1A/1B: Participants will have a 3-day inpatient study visit with the following procedures:
  • Imaging study of the stomach (simultaneous gastric emptying scintigraphy), followed by a special diet for the next day s test.
  • Gastric analysis using a nasogastric tube to collect stomach acid secretions.
  • SmartPill study, in which participants will ingest a SmartPill and wear a monitor for 24 to 48 hours to collect readings.
  • Participants in Phase 1A will have a second outpatient SmartPill study 7 days after the first SmartPill study. Participants in Phase 1B will not have the second SmartPill study.
  • Phase 2 and Phase 3: Participants will have a 3-day inpatient study visit with the following procedures:
  • Imaging study of the stomach (simultaneous gastric emptying scintigraphy), followed by a special diet for the next day s test.
  • Gastric analysis using a nasogastric tube to collect stomach acid secretions.
  • SmartPill study, in which participants will ingest a SmartPill and wear a monitor for 24 to 48 hours to collect readings.
  • Phase 2 and 3 participants will have outpatient study visits only if directed by the study researchers....
Read the detailed description

Acid related disorders are numerous and often require chronic treatment and maintenance. Many of these diseases are without symptoms and therefore difficult to diagnose and treat. Gastric analysis is the quantitative measurement of gastric acid output and is a critical tool for the diagnosis of acid related disorders and the ongoing assessment of therapy response. At present gastric analysis requires a technically difficult procedure, using gastric aspiration through a nasogastric tube, that is costly, invasive, and uncomfortable for patients. Recently there is introduction of the SmartPill, which is a disposable pill that measures pH, temperature, and pressure throughout the GI tract. We propose a pilot study to validate a new method of gastric analysis with the ingestion of the SmartPill with a meal of a known buffering capacity to measure both the acidity and quantity of acid output in the stomach. We will validate this method by comparing it to the accepted gastric aspiration method under maximally stimulated conditions. We will study healthy volunteers for the validation phase and then study patients with known acid related disorders to assess its usefulness in patients. Interested subjects will report to the NIH outpatient gastrointestinal clinic for evaluation to be followed by a 3 day in-patient admission and 2 subsequent clinic visits. Subjects will have gastric analysis of basal, meal stimulated, and pharmacologically stimulated rates with both the conventional and study methods. Outcomes will include a quantitative measurement of gastric acid output in unit time, normal meal stimulated acid output values in healthy volunteers and patients with acid related disorders, and the assessment of acid suppression in patients treated with a variety of anti-secretory medications.

Being tested
Pentagastrin Injection BP, Pentagastrin
Keywords
Gastric Acid Output, Hyper/Hyposecretion, Gastric Analysis, Gastric pH, SmartPill, Natural History, Gastric Secretion, Healthy Volunteer, HV

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Pentagastrin Injection BPDevice

  • PentagastrinDrug

Study groups in NCT00702533
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Healthy volunteersHealthy volunteers between 18 and 60 years of age
Receives: Device: Pentagastrin Injection BP
patients with gastric acid secretory disorders18 years of age who have been diagnosed with Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome or acid hypersecretion.
Receives: Device: Pentagastrin Injection BP; Drug: Pentagastrin

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. examines the safety and efficacy of disposable, wireless capsule (SmartPill)

    This study examines the safety and efficacy of disposable, wireless capsule (SmartPill) devices in determining gastric acid output in comparison to current standard gastric aspiration procedures, which are more invasive and inconvenient.

    Measured: until protocol closes

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted20 Jun 2008 (estimated)
  2. Study start18 Jun 2008

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Observational
Observational model
Case-control
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrolment
80 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT00702533
Sponsor's protocol ID
080138
Other IDs
08-DK-0138
Status last verified
16 Oct 2026
First submitted
19 Jun 2008
Last updated
26 Oct 2026
Results posted
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Undecided

Publications

  • Shaheen NJ, Hansen RA, Morgan DR, Gangarosa LM, Ringel Y, Thiny MT, Russo MW, Sandler RS. The burden of gastrointestinal and liver diseases, 2006. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006 Sep;101(9):2128-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00723.x. Epub 2006 Jul 18.

    PubMed 16848807
  • Bruley Des Varannes S, Marek L, Humeau B, Lecasble M, Colin R. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in primary care. Prevalence, epidemiology and Quality of Life of patients. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2006 Mar;30(3):364-70. doi: 10.1016/s0399-8320(06)73189-x.

    PubMed 16633300
  • El-Serag HB, Aguirre T, Kuebeler M, Sampliner RE. The length of newly diagnosed Barrett's oesophagus and prior use of acid suppressive therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Jun 15;19(12):1255-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02006.x.

    PubMed 15191506

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

An observational study of Gastric Acid Secretory Disorders, run by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 16 inclusion and 51 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

examines the safety and efficacy of disposable, wireless capsule (SmartPill) (time frame: until protocol closes). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00702533, which also lists 3 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Oct 2026.

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