Colorectal NeoplasmsPhase 3VELOURNCT00561470
Aflibercept Versus Placebo in Combination With Irinotecan and 5-FU in the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer After Failure of an Oxaliplatin Based Regimen
A Phase 3 study testing Aflibercept (ziv-aflibercept, AVE0005, VEGF trap, ZALTRAP®) and FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin) in people with Colorectal Neoplasms and Neoplasm Metastasis, run by Sanofi at 221 sites in 28 countries.
Trial summary
The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aflibercept (versus placebo) in increasing the overall survival in participants with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin) and that have previously failed an oxaliplatin based treatment for… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Colorectal Neoplasms, Neoplasm Metastasis
- What is being tested?
- Aflibercept (ziv-aflibercept, AVE0005, VEGF trap, ZALTRAP®) and FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin)
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 1,226 participants
- Where
- 221 sitesin 28 countries
- Study dates
- Nov 2007to Jun 2012
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Histologically or cytologically proven adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum
- Metastatic disease that is not amenable to potentially curative treatment
- One and only one prior line of treatment for metastatic disease. This prior line should be an oxaliplatin based chemotherapy (participants who relapse within 6 months of completion of oxaliplatin based adjuvant chemotherapy are eligible)
- Prior treatment with bevacizumab is permitted.
Who cannot join
- Prior therapy with irinotecan
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status >2
- The above information is not intended to contain all considerations relevant to participation in a clinical trial.
Trial locations and contacts
221 sites in 28 countries.
221 sites in 28 countries
United States87 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840036
Albany, New York, 12206
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840044
Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840080
Anaheim, California, 92801
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840043
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70809
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840118
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 18015
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840119
Birmingham, Alabama, 35203
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840089
Boynton Beach, Florida, 33435
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840035
Burlington, North Carolina, 27215
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840085
Charleston, South Carolina, 29403
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840024
Charlotte, North Carolina, 28204
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840026
Charlotte, North Carolina, 28262
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840087
Chicago, Illinois, 60616
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840098
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45219
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840078
Corpus Christi, Texas, 78405
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840019
Decatur, Illinois, 62526
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840115
Elk Grove Village, Illinois, 60007
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840076
Fountain Valley, California, 92708
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840120
Fountain Valley, California, 92708
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840041
Gainesville, Florida, 32608
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840031
Gainesville, Florida, 32610
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840005
Goldsboro, North Carolina, 27534
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840073
Greenbrae, California, 94904-2007
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840101
Hayward, California, 94545
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840004
Hendersonville, North Carolina, 28791
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840093
Hot Springs, Arizona, 71913
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840072
Indianapolis, Indiana, 46254
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840047
Indianapolis, Indiana, 46260
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840081
Kansas City, Missouri, 64128
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840011
Kettering, Ohio, 45429
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840046
La Jolla, California, 92037
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840094
Lake Success, New York, 11042
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840049
Las Vegas, Nevada, 89106
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840116
Loma Linda, California, 92354
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840048
Long Beach, California, 90813
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840088
Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840002
Marshfield, Wisconsin, 54449
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840084
Metairie, Louisiana, 70006
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840122
Miami, Florida, 33176
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840086
Middletown, Ohio, 45042
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840034
Munster, Indiana, 46321
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840074
Muscle Shoals, Alabama, 35661
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840010
Naperville, Illinois, 60540
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840015
New Orleans, Louisiana, 70121
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840014
Newark, Delaware, 19718
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840201
Oakland, California, 94611
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840096
Paducah, Kentucky, 42003
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840082
Pawtucket, Rhode Island, 02860
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840033
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840012
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15212
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840053
Pontiac, Michigan, 48341
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840039
Portland, Oregon, 97227
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840113
Quincy, Illinois, 62301
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840070
Rockville, Maryland, 20850
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840901
Roseville, California, 95678
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840042
Sacramento, California, 95816
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840301
Sacramento, California, 95825
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840021
Saint Louis Park, Minnesota, 55416
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840112
Salinas, California, 93901-3906
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840029
Salisbury, Maryland, 21801
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840006
San Diego, California, 92102
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840106
San Diego, California, 92102
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840206
San Diego, California, 92102
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840306
San Diego, California, 92102
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840406
San Diego, California, 92102
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840506
San Diego, California, 92102
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840606
San Diego, California, 92102
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840706
San Diego, California, 92102
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840806
San Diego, California, 92102
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840906
San Diego, California, 92102
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840401
San Francisco, California, 94115
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840601
San Jose, California, 95119
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840501
Santa Clara, California, 95051
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840099
Seattle, Washington, 98115
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840801
South San Francisco, California, 94080
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840037
Spartanburg, South Carolina, 29303
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840052
St Louis, Missouri, 63104
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840114
St Louis, Missouri, 63136
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840071
Stamford, Connecticut, 06902
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840017
Syracuse, New York, 13210
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840097
Syracuse, New York, 13210
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840117
Temple, Texas, 76508
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840079
The Villages, Florida, 32159
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840008
Toledo, Ohio, 43623
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840001
Vallejo, California, 94589
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840701
Walnut Creek, California, 94596
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840075
Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27103
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 840095
Woonsocket, Rhode Island, 02895
United Kingdom10 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 826001
Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 826010
Bournemouth, BH7 7DW
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 826009
Dudley, DY1 2HQ
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 826008
London, EC1A 7BE
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 826004
London, N18 1QX
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 826007
London, SE1 7EH
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 826011
London, SW3 6JJ
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 826002
Manchester, M20 4BX
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 826003
Northwood, HA6 2RN
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 826005
Sutton, SM2 5PT
Brazil8 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 076004
Porto Alegre, 90035-003
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 076005
Porto Alegre, 90110-270
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 076002
Porto Alegre, 90430090
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 076008
Rio de Janeiro, 20231-050
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 076003
Rio de Janeiro, 22260-020
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 076001
Santo André, 09050-360
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 076007
São Paulo, 01246-000
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 076006
São Paulo, 01308050
Italy8 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 380007
Ancona, 60032
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 380005
Aviano, 33081
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 380004
Candiolo, 10060
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 380003
Genova, 16128
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 380001
Milan, 20133
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 380002
Milan, 20141
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 380008
Rozzano, 20089
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 380006
San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013
Australia7 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 036004
Hornsby, 2077
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 036001
Kingswood, 2747
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 036002
Kurralta Park, 5037
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 036005
Melbourne, 3050
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 036003
Melbourne, 3128
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 036007
Nedlands, 6009
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 036006
Subiaco, 6008
Belgium7 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 056006
Bonheiden, 2820
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 056007
Brussels, 1000
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 056002
Brussels, 1070
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 056004
Brussels, 1200
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 056001
Ghent, 9000
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 056005
Haine-Saint-Paul, 7100
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 056003
Leuven, 3000
Poland7 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 616005
Częstochowa, 42-200
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 616004
Elblag, 82-300
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 616007
Krakow, 31-826
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 616003
Lodz, 93-509
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 616002
Poznan, 61-485
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 616006
Rybnik, 44-200
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 616001
Wroclaw, 53-413
Romania7 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 642004
Alba Iulia, 510077
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 642001
Bucharest, 022328
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 642002
Bucharest, 022328
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 642007
Bucharest, 050098
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 642003
Cluj-Napoca, 400015
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 642006
Iași, 700106
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 642005
Suceava, 720237
South Africa7 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 710004
Cape Town, 7506
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 710005
Durban, 4001
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 710008
Durban, 4062
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 710001
Parktown, 2193
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 710006
Port Elizabeth, 6001
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 710007
Pretoria, 0001
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 710003
Pretoria, 0181
Germany6 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 276003
Aschaffenburg, 63739
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 276002
Essen, 45147
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 276001
Halle, 06120
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 276005
Magdeburg, 39104
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 276004
Magdeburg, 39130
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 276006
München, 81737
Russia6 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 643001
Moscow, 115478
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 643006
Moscow, 115478
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 643002
Moscow, 129128
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 643004
Saint Petersburg, 191104
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 643003
Saint Petersburg, 197758
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 643007
Saint Petersburg, 197758
Spain6 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 724002
Barakaldo, 48903
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 724005
Barcelona, 08003
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 724001
Barcelona, 08035
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 724006
Madrid, 28035
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 724003
Madrid, 28041
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 724007
Reus, 43201
Chile5 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 152002
Santiago, 7510032
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 152003
Santiago, 7650635
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 152001
Santiago, 8380455
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 152005
Santiago, 8380456
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 152004
Viña del Mar, 2540364
France5 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 250002
Brest, 29200
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 250004
Clichy Cx, 92118
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 250005
La Roche-sur-Yon, 85925
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 250001
Lyon, 69437
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 250003
Paris, 75013
Greece5 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 300005
Athens, 11522
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 300004
Athens, 11527
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 300001
Heraklion, 71110
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 300002
Ilion, Athens
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 300003
Pátrai, 26500
Netherlands5 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 528004
Amsterdam, 1091 HA
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 528001
Blaricum, 1261 AN
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 528005
Breda, 4819 EV
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 528002
Rotterdam, 3007 AC
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 528003
Sittard-Geleen, 6162 BG
South Korea5 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 410001
Goyang, 410-760
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 410003
Seoul, 110-744
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 410005
Seoul, 120-752
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 410002
Seoul, 135-710
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 410004
Seoul, 138-736
Turkey (Türkiye)5 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 792005
Adana, 01120
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 792004
Ankara, 06100
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 792001
Ankara, 06500
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 792002
Izmir, 35340
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 792003
Kayseri, 38039
Argentina4 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 032003
Bahía Blanca, 8000
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 032006
Buenos Aires, 1426ANZ
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 032005
Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1426BOR
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 032007
Salta, 4400
Ukraine4 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 804005
Dnipropetrovsk
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 804004
Donetsk, 83092
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 804006
Kharkiv, 61037
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 804002
Kharkiv, 61070
Czechia3 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 203002
Brno, 62500
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 203001
Brno, 65653
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 203004
Prague, 15006
Norway3 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 578002
Bergen, 5021
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 578001
Oslo, 0407
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 578003
Stavanger, 4011
Sweden3 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 752002
Stockholm, 171 76
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 752003
Sundsvall, 851 86
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 752001
Uppsala, 751 85
Denmark2 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 208003
Aalborg, 9100
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 208001
Odense C, 5000
Estonia2 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 233002
Tallinn, 13419
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 233001
Tartu, 50406
New Zealand2 sites
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 554009
Auckland, 1023
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 554010
Christchurch
Puerto Rico1 site
Sanofi-Aventis Investigational Site Number 630001
San Juan, 00927
About this study
Official title: A Multinational, Randomized, Double-blind Study, Comparing the Efficacy of Aflibercept Once Every 2 Weeks Versus Placebo in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCRC) Treated With Irinotecan / 5-FU Combination (FOLFIRI) After Failure of an Oxaliplatin Based Regimen
The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aflibercept (versus placebo) in increasing the overall survival in participants with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin) and that have previously failed an oxaliplatin based treatment for metastatic disease.
The secondary objectives were to compare progression-free survival, to evaluate overall response rate, to evaluate the safety profile, to assess immunogenicity of intravenous (IV) aflibercept, and to assess pharmacokinetics of IV aflibercept in both treatment arms.
Read the detailed description
Participants were
- randomized at baseline (treatment was initiated with 3 days of randomization)
- administered treatment in cycles of 14-days till a study withdrawal criterion was met
- followed up 30 days after discontinuation of treatment, and every 8 weeks until death or end of study.
The criteria for discontinuation of study treatment for a participant are:
- participant (or legal representative) chose to withdraw from treatment
- the investigator thought that continuation of the study would be detrimental to the participants well-being due to
- disease progression
- unacceptable AEs
- intercurrent illnesses
- non-compliance to the study protocol
- participant was lost to follow-up
- participant was unblinded for the investigational treatment
- Conditions
- Colorectal Neoplasms, Neoplasm Metastasis
- Being tested
- Placebo, Aflibercept (ziv-aflibercept, AVE0005, VEGF trap, ZALTRAP®), FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin)
- Keywords
- colorectal cancer, metastatic, anti-angiogenic, irinotecan, 5-FU, FOLFIRI
- Medical subject headings
- Colorectal Neoplasms, Neoplasm Metastasis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
PlaceboDrug
4 mg/kg of sterile aqueous buffered vehicle (pH 6.0) was administered intra venously (IV) over 1 hour on Day 1, every 2 weeks
Aflibercept (ziv-aflibercept, AVE0005, VEGF trap, ZALTRAP®)Drug
4 mg/kg of Aflibercept was administered IV over 1 hour on Day 1, every 2 weeks.
FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin)Drug
The FOLFIRI regimen was initiated immediately after Placebo administration on Day 1
The FOLFIRI regimen included:
- 180 mg/m² Irinotecan (Campto®, Camptosar®) IV infusion over 90 minutes and dl leucovorin 400 mg/m² (200 mg/m² for the l-isomer form) IV infusion over 2 hours, followed by:
- 5-FU 400 mg/m² IV bolus given over 2-4 minutes, followed by:
- 5-FU 2400 mg/m² continuous IV infusion over 46-hours
FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin)Drug
The FOLFIRI regimen was initiated immediately after Aflibercept administration on Day 1
The FOLFIRI regimen included:
- 180 mg/m² Irinotecan (Campto®, Camptosar®) IV infusion over 90 minutes and dl leucovorin 400 mg/m² (200 mg/m² for the l-isomer form) IV infusion over 2 hours, followed by:
- 5-FU 400 mg/m² IV bolus given over 2-4 minutes, followed by:
- 5-FU 2400 mg/m² continuous IV infusion over 46-hours
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo/FOLFIRI | Placebo comparator | Participants with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer administered Placebo followed by FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin) starting on Day 1 of a 2-week cycle until a treatment discontinuation criterion was met Receives: Drug: Placebo; Drug: FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin) |
| Aflibercept/FOLFIRI | Experimental | Participants with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer administered Aflibercept followed by FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin) starting on Day 1 of a 2-week cycle until a treatment discontinuation criterion was met Receives: Drug: Aflibercept (ziv-aflibercept, AVE0005, VEGF trap, ZALTRAP®); Drug: FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Overall Survival (OS)
Overall Survival was the time interval from the date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause. Once disease progression was documented, participants were followed every 2 months for survival status, until death or until the study cutoff date, whichever came first. The final data cutoff date for the analysis of OS was the date when 863 deaths had occurred (07 February 2011).
OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Hazard Ratio was estimated using the Cox Proportional Hazard Model.
Measured: From the date of the first randomization until the study data cut-off date, 07 February 2011 (approximately three years)
Secondary outcomes (4)
Progression-free Survival (PFS) Assessed by Independent Review Committee (IRC)
PFS was the time interval from the date of randomization to the date of progression, or death from any cause if it occurs before tumor progression is documented. To evaluate disease progression, copies of all tumor imaging sets were systematically collected and assessed by the IRC.
PFS was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Hazard Ratio was estimated using the Cox Proportional Hazard Model.
The analysis for PFS was performed as planned when 561 deaths (OS events) had occurred.
Measured: From the date of the first randomization until the occurrence of 561 OS events, 06 May 2010 (approximately 30 months)
Overall Objective Response Rate (ORR) Based on the Tumor Assessment by the Independent Review Committee (IRC) as Per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) Criteria
The overall ORR was the percentage of evaluable participants who achieved complete response [CR] or partial response [PR] according to RECIST criteria version 1.0.
- CR reflected the disappearance of all tumor lesions (with no new tumors)
- PR reflected a pre-defined reduction in tumor burden
Tumors were assessed by the IRC using Computerized Tomography (CT) scans or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans; and an observed response was confirmed by repeated imaging after 4 - 6 weeks.
Measured: From the date of the first randomization until the study data cut-off date, 06 May 2010 (approximately 30 months)
Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AE)
All AEs regardless of seriousness or relationship to study treatment, spanning from the first administration of study treatment until 30 days after the last administration of study treatment, were recorded, and followed until resolution or stabilization.
The number of participants with all treatment emergent adverse events (TEAE), serious adverse events (SAE), TEAE leading to death, and TEAE leading to permanent treatment discontinuation are reported.
Measured: From the date of the first randomization up to 30 days after the treatment discontinuation or until TEAE was resolved or stabilized
Immunogenicity Assessment: Number of Participants With Positive Sample(s) in the Anti-drug Antibodies (ADA) Assay and in the Neutralizing Anti-drug Antibodies (NAb) Assay
Serum samples for immunogenicity assessment were analyzed using a bridging immunoassay to detect ADA. Positive samples in the ADA assay were further analyzed in the NAb assay using a validated, non-quantitative ligand binding assay.
Measured: Baseline, every other treatment cycle, 30 days and 90 days after the last infusion of aflibercept/placebo
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Nov 2007 (estimated)
- Study startNov 2007
- Primary completionFeb 2011
- Study completionJun 2012
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (9)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Colorectal NeoplasmsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by SanofiThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 1,226 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Sanofi
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Collaborators
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, NSABP Foundation Inc
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Clinical Sciences & Operations, Study director, Sanofi
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00561470
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- EFC10262
- Other IDs
- EudraCT 2007-000820-42
- Acronym
- VELOUR
- Status last verified
- Mar 2012
- First submitted
- 20 Nov 2007
- Last updated
- 28 Sep 2012
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Pu T, Peddle AM, Wirapati P, Tsantoulis P, Wu Q, Hong Y, Samuel L, Desai J, Riener M, Saridaki Z, Cunningham D, Tejpar S. Exploratory biomarker analysis of RAS/BRAF somatic mutations and gene expression signatures for predicting treatment effects of aflibercept in the velour trial. NPJ Precis Oncol. 2026 Jan 13;10(1):50. doi: 10.1038/s41698-025-01253-5.
PubMed 41530374Wazan LE, Widhibrata A, Liu GS. Soluble FLT-1 in angiogenesis: pathophysiological roles and therapeutic implications. Angiogenesis. 2024 Nov;27(4):641-661. doi: 10.1007/s10456-024-09942-8. Epub 2024 Aug 29.
PubMed 39207600Lu L, Dercle L, Zhao B, Schwartz LH. Deep learning for the prediction of early on-treatment response in metastatic colorectal cancer from serial medical imaging. Nat Commun. 2021 Nov 17;12(1):6654. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26990-6.
PubMed 34789774Chau I, Fakih M, Garcia-Alfonso P, Linke Z, Ruiz Casado A, Marques EP, Picard P, Celanovic M, Cartwright T. Safety and Effectiveness of Aflibercept + Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Irinotecan (FOLFIRI) for the Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) in Current Clinical Practice: OZONE Study. Cancers (Basel). 2020 Mar 11;12(3):657. doi: 10.3390/cancers12030657.
PubMed 32168980Ruff P, Van Cutsem E, Lakomy R, Prausova J, van Hazel GA, Moiseyenko VM, Soussan-Lazard K, Dochy E, Magherini E, Macarulla T, Papamichael D. Observed benefit and safety of aflibercept in elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: An age-based analysis from the randomized placebo-controlled phase III VELOUR trial. J Geriatr Oncol. 2018 Jan;9(1):32-39. doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2017.07.010. Epub 2017 Aug 12.
PubMed 28807738Stanel SC, Sjoberg J, Salmonson T, Foggi P, Caleno M, Melchiorri D, Gravanis I, Tzogani K, Pignatti F. European Medicines Agency approval summary: Zaltrap for the treatment of patients with oxaliplatin-resistant metastatic colorectal cancer. ESMO Open. 2017 May 2;2(2):e000190. doi: 10.1136/esmoopen-2017-000190. eCollection 2017.
PubMed 28761750Van Cutsem E, Joulain F, Hoff PM, Mitchell E, Ruff P, Lakomy R, Prausova J, Moiseyenko VM, van Hazel G, Cunningham D, Arnold D, Schmoll HJ, Ten Tije AJ, McKendrick J, Kroning H, Humblet Y, Gravalos C, Le-Guennec S, Andria M, Dochy E, Vishwanath RL, Macarulla T, Tabernero J. Aflibercept Plus FOLFIRI vs. Placebo Plus FOLFIRI in Second-Line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: a Post Hoc Analysis of Survival from the Phase III VELOUR Study Subsequent to Exclusion of Patients who had Recurrence During or Within 6 Months of Completing Adjuvant Oxaliplatin-Based Therapy. Target Oncol. 2016 Jun;11(3):383-400. doi: 10.1007/s11523-015-0402-9.
PubMed 26706237Tabernero J, Van Cutsem E, Lakomy R, Prausova J, Ruff P, van Hazel GA, Moiseyenko VM, Ferry DR, McKendrick JJ, Soussan-Lazard K, Chevalier S, Allegra CJ. Aflibercept versus placebo in combination with fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan in the treatment of previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: prespecified subgroup analyses from the VELOUR trial. Eur J Cancer. 2014 Jan;50(2):320-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.09.013. Epub 2013 Oct 16.
PubMed 24140268Van Cutsem E, Tabernero J, Lakomy R, Prenen H, Prausova J, Macarulla T, Ruff P, van Hazel GA, Moiseyenko V, Ferry D, McKendrick J, Polikoff J, Tellier A, Castan R, Allegra C. Addition of aflibercept to fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan improves survival in a phase III randomized trial in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer previously treated with an oxaliplatin-based regimen. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Oct 1;30(28):3499-506. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.42.8201. Epub 2012 Sep 4.
PubMed 22949147
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Sep 2012. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Multinational, Randomized, Double-blind Study, Comparing the Efficacy of Aflibercept Once Every 2 Weeks Versus Placebo in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCRC) Treated With Irinotecan / 5-FU Combination (FOLFIRI) After Failure of an Oxaliplatin Based Regimen
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00561470
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- VELOUR / EFC10262
- Conditions
- Colorectal Neoplasms, Neoplasm Metastasis
- Keywords
- colorectal cancer, metastatic, anti-angiogenic, irinotecan, 5-FU, FOLFIRI
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 1,226 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- SanofiIndustry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Collaborators
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, NSABP Foundation Inc
- Study start
- Nov 2007
- Primary completion
- Feb 2011 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jun 2012 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Nov 2007 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 28 Sep 2012
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aflibercept (versus placebo) in increasing the overall survival in participants with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin) and that have previously failed an oxaliplatin based treatment for metastatic disease.
The secondary objectives were to compare progression-free survival, to evaluate overall response rate, to evaluate the safety profile, to assess immunogenicity of intravenous (IV) aflibercept, and to assess pharmacokinetics of IV aflibercept in both treatment arms.
Detailed description
Participants were
- randomized at baseline (treatment was initiated with 3 days of randomization)
- administered treatment in cycles of 14-days till a study withdrawal criterion was met
- followed up 30 days after discontinuation of treatment, and every 8 weeks until death or end of study.
The criteria for discontinuation of study treatment for a participant are:
- participant (or legal representative) chose to withdraw from treatment
- the investigator thought that continuation of the study would be detrimental to the participants well-being due to
- disease progression
- unacceptable AEs
- intercurrent illnesses
- non-compliance to the study protocol
- participant was lost to follow-up
- participant was unblinded for the investigational treatment
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo/FOLFIRI | Placebo comparator | Drug: Placebo, Drug: FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin)Participants with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer administered Placebo followed by FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin) starting on Day 1 of a 2-week cycle until a treatment discontinuation criterion was met |
| Aflibercept/FOLFIRI | Experimental | Drug: Aflibercept (ziv-aflibercept, AVE0005, VEGF trap, ZALTRAP®), Drug: FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin)Participants with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer administered Aflibercept followed by FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin) starting on Day 1 of a 2-week cycle until a treatment discontinuation criterion was met |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Histologically or cytologically proven adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum
- Metastatic disease that is not amenable to potentially curative treatment
- One and only one prior line of treatment for metastatic disease. This prior line should be an oxaliplatin based chemotherapy (participants who relapse within 6 months of completion of oxaliplatin based adjuvant chemotherapy are eligible)
- Prior treatment with bevacizumab is permitted.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Prior therapy with irinotecan
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status >2
- The above information is not intended to contain all considerations relevant to participation in a clinical trial.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo4 mg/kg of sterile aqueous buffered vehicle (pH 6.0) was administered intra venously (IV) over 1 hour on Day 1, every 2 weeks | Drug | Placebo/FOLFIRI |
| Aflibercept (ziv-aflibercept, AVE0005, VEGF trap, ZALTRAP®)4 mg/kg of Aflibercept was administered IV over 1 hour on Day 1, every 2 weeks. | Drug | Aflibercept/FOLFIRI |
| FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin)The FOLFIRI regimen was initiated immediately after Placebo administration on Day 1 The FOLFIRI regimen included: * 180 mg/m² Irinotecan (Campto®, Camptosar®) IV infusion over 90 minutes and dl leucovorin 400 mg/m² (200 mg/m² for the l-isomer form) IV infusion over 2 hours, followed by: * 5-FU 400 mg/m² IV bolus given over 2-4 minutes, followed by: * 5-FU 2400 mg/m² continuous IV infusion over 46-hours | Drug | Placebo/FOLFIRI |
| FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin)The FOLFIRI regimen was initiated immediately after Aflibercept administration on Day 1 The FOLFIRI regimen included: * 180 mg/m² Irinotecan (Campto®, Camptosar®) IV infusion over 90 minutes and dl leucovorin 400 mg/m² (200 mg/m² for the l-isomer form) IV infusion over 2 hours, followed by: * 5-FU 400 mg/m² IV bolus given over 2-4 minutes, followed by: * 5-FU 2400 mg/m² continuous IV infusion over 46-hours | Drug | Aflibercept/FOLFIRI |
Primary outcome
Overall Survival (OS)
Time frame: From the date of the first randomization until the study data cut-off date, 07 February 2011 (approximately three years)
Overall Survival was the time interval from the date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause. Once disease progression was documented, participants were followed every 2 months for survival status, until death or until the study cutoff date, whichever came first. The final data cutoff date for the analysis of OS was the date when 863 deaths had occurred (07 February 2011). OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Hazard Ratio was estimated using the Cox Proportional Hazard Model.
4 secondary outcomes
Progression-free Survival (PFS) Assessed by Independent Review Committee (IRC)
Time frame: From the date of the first randomization until the occurrence of 561 OS events, 06 May 2010 (approximately 30 months)
Overall Objective Response Rate (ORR) Based on the Tumor Assessment by the Independent Review Committee (IRC) as Per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) Criteria
Time frame: From the date of the first randomization until the study data cut-off date, 06 May 2010 (approximately 30 months)
Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AE)
Time frame: From the date of the first randomization up to 30 days after the treatment discontinuation or until TEAE was resolved or stabilized
Immunogenicity Assessment: Number of Participants With Positive Sample(s) in the Anti-drug Antibodies (ADA) Assay and in the Neutralizing Anti-drug Antibodies (NAb) Assay
Time frame: Baseline, every other treatment cycle, 30 days and 90 days after the last infusion of aflibercept/placebo
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Sep 2012.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41530374Pu T, Peddle AM, Wirapati P, Tsantoulis P, Wu Q, Hong Y, Samuel L, Desai J, Riener M, Saridaki Z, Cunningham D, Tejpar S. Exploratory biomarker analysis of RAS/BRAF somatic mutations and gene expression signatures for predicting treatment effects of aflibercept in the velour trial. NPJ Precis Oncol. 2026 Jan 13;10(1):50. doi: 10.1038/s41698-025-01253-5.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39207600Wazan LE, Widhibrata A, Liu GS. Soluble FLT-1 in angiogenesis: pathophysiological roles and therapeutic implications. Angiogenesis. 2024 Nov;27(4):641-661. doi: 10.1007/s10456-024-09942-8. Epub 2024 Aug 29.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 34789774Lu L, Dercle L, Zhao B, Schwartz LH. Deep learning for the prediction of early on-treatment response in metastatic colorectal cancer from serial medical imaging. Nat Commun. 2021 Nov 17;12(1):6654. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26990-6.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 32168980Chau I, Fakih M, Garcia-Alfonso P, Linke Z, Ruiz Casado A, Marques EP, Picard P, Celanovic M, Cartwright T. Safety and Effectiveness of Aflibercept + Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Irinotecan (FOLFIRI) for the Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) in Current Clinical Practice: OZONE Study. Cancers (Basel). 2020 Mar 11;12(3):657. doi: 10.3390/cancers12030657.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28807738Ruff P, Van Cutsem E, Lakomy R, Prausova J, van Hazel GA, Moiseyenko VM, Soussan-Lazard K, Dochy E, Magherini E, Macarulla T, Papamichael D. Observed benefit and safety of aflibercept in elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: An age-based analysis from the randomized placebo-controlled phase III VELOUR trial. J Geriatr Oncol. 2018 Jan;9(1):32-39. doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2017.07.010. Epub 2017 Aug 12.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28761750Stanel SC, Sjoberg J, Salmonson T, Foggi P, Caleno M, Melchiorri D, Gravanis I, Tzogani K, Pignatti F. European Medicines Agency approval summary: Zaltrap for the treatment of patients with oxaliplatin-resistant metastatic colorectal cancer. ESMO Open. 2017 May 2;2(2):e000190. doi: 10.1136/esmoopen-2017-000190. eCollection 2017.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 26706237Van Cutsem E, Joulain F, Hoff PM, Mitchell E, Ruff P, Lakomy R, Prausova J, Moiseyenko VM, van Hazel G, Cunningham D, Arnold D, Schmoll HJ, Ten Tije AJ, McKendrick J, Kroning H, Humblet Y, Gravalos C, Le-Guennec S, Andria M, Dochy E, Vishwanath RL, Macarulla T, Tabernero J. Aflibercept Plus FOLFIRI vs. Placebo Plus FOLFIRI in Second-Line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: a Post Hoc Analysis of Survival from the Phase III VELOUR Study Subsequent to Exclusion of Patients who had Recurrence During or Within 6 Months of Completing Adjuvant Oxaliplatin-Based Therapy. Target Oncol. 2016 Jun;11(3):383-400. doi: 10.1007/s11523-015-0402-9.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 24140268Tabernero J, Van Cutsem E, Lakomy R, Prausova J, Ruff P, van Hazel GA, Moiseyenko VM, Ferry DR, McKendrick JJ, Soussan-Lazard K, Chevalier S, Allegra CJ. Aflibercept versus placebo in combination with fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan in the treatment of previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: prespecified subgroup analyses from the VELOUR trial. Eur J Cancer. 2014 Jan;50(2):320-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.09.013. Epub 2013 Oct 16.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 22949147Van Cutsem E, Tabernero J, Lakomy R, Prenen H, Prausova J, Macarulla T, Ruff P, van Hazel GA, Moiseyenko V, Ferry D, McKendrick J, Polikoff J, Tellier A, Castan R, Allegra C. Addition of aflibercept to fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan improves survival in a phase III randomized trial in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer previously treated with an oxaliplatin-based regimen. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Oct 1;30(28):3499-506. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.42.8201. Epub 2012 Sep 4.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Clinical Sciences & Operations study director
Sanofi
221 sites in 28 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 3 study testing Aflibercept (ziv-aflibercept, AVE0005, VEGF trap, ZALTRAP®) and FOLFIRI (Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin) in people with Colorectal Neoplasms and Neoplasm Metastasis, run by Sanofi at 221 sites in 28 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Sep 2012. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 221 sites in United States, United Kingdom, Brazil, Italy, Australia and 23 more countries. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 28 Sep 2012). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Overall Survival (OS) (time frame: From the date of the first randomization until the study data cut-off date, 07 February 2011 (approximately three years)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00561470, which also lists 9 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Sep 2012.