Musculoskeletal SystemNCT00554957
Perception of Musculoskeletal Injury in Professional Dancers
An observational study of Musculoskeletal System and Disability Evaluation, run by University Health Network, Toronto at 1 site in Canada.
Trial summary
The annual frequency of injury among dancers has been reported to range between 23-84% while as many as 95% of professional dancers have ongoing pain. The discrepancy between the number of reported injuries and the amount of pain reported at any given time could be related to the definition of injury, or how dancers'… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Musculoskeletal System, Disability Evaluation, Wounds and Injuries
- How many people
- 266 participants
- Where
- 1 siteCanada
- Study dates
- Apr 2007to Jun 2008
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Professional Dancers
Who may be able to join
- All dancers employed by the National Ballet of Canada, Toronto Dance Theatre, Batsheva Dance Company and Ensemble, Kibbutz Contemporary Dance Company, the Royal Swedish Ballet, and the Royal Danish Ballet will be included in the study. Additional dance companies from Sweden, Israel, Denmark and Canada (and other countries) may be invited to participate. If so, then identical protocols will be followed for all companies.
Who cannot join
- Any dancer less than 18 years of age will be excluded from the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Perception of Musculoskeletal Injury in Professional Dancers, an International Comparison
The annual frequency of injury among dancers has been reported to range between 23-84% while as many as 95% of professional dancers have ongoing pain. The discrepancy between the number of reported injuries and the amount of pain reported at any given time could be related to the definition of injury, or how dancers' themselves perceive injury with respect to pain and activity limitation thresholds. For many reasons, dancers may be dancing through or past what health care providers may conceive as injury. This can put them at risk of further or chronic injury. The purpose of this study is to understand at which point pain limits a dancer's ability to continue to perform and whether this is influenced by available medical services, a supportive dance environment, or other factors. In addition, the issue of non-reporting of injuries will be studied. This is very important as this will affect all measures of injury frequency and risk for dancers.
Read the detailed description
Brief Rationale and Objective:
The annual frequency of injury among dancers has been reported to range between 23-84% while as many as 95% of professional dancers have ongoing pain. The discrepancy between the number of reported injuries and the amount of pain reported at any given time could be related to the definition of injury, or how dancers' themselves perceive injury with respect to pain and activity limitation thresholds. For many reasons, dancers may be dancing through or past what health care providers may conceive as injury. This can put them at risk of future recurrent or chronic injury. The purpose of this study is to gain insight into professional dancers' perception of musculoskeletal (MSK) injury in order to understand at which point pain limits a dancer's ability to continue to perform and to determine what factors influence a dancer's perception of injury and decision to seek or not seek care. We will investigate whether this is influenced by available medical services, a supportive dance environment, or other factors. In addition, the issue of non-reporting of injuries will be studied. This is very important because it affects all measures of injury frequency and risk for dancers.
Research Questions:
The purpose of this study will be to answer the following questions: 1) What is the prevalence of MSK injury-related pain in the dance company? 2) What are the pain and activity limitation thresholds for a dancer to consider him/herself injured? 3) What factors are associated with considering him/herself injured? 4) What constitutes a major or a minor injury to a dancer? 5) How are dancers reporting their injuries? 6) How many dancers are not reporting their injuries and what are the reasons? 7) Do the answers to the above questions differ between countries (Canada, Israel, Sweden, Denmark) that have varying levels of social and medical support for dancers?
Design and Methodology:
Design: Cross-sectional survey. Study Population: All dancers employed by: The National Ballet of Canada, Toronto Dance Theatre, Batsheva Dance Company and Ensemble (Israel), The Kibbutz Contemporary Dance Company (Israel), the Royal Swedish Ballet (Sweden), and the Royal Danish Ballet (Denmark). Total approximate number of participants is 294. Methods: Two questionnaires will be distributed to participants. The Self-Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain (SEFIP) questionnaire is a validated tool for dancers which has shown good agreement with actual pain found on physical examination. The SEFIP will be used in order to measure pain and functional deficits. An additional questionnaire will be used to gain further information regarding the above research questions. There will be an area for the dancers to include any additional comments in relation to these subjects in order to capture further qualitative data. Data Analysis: Descriptive statistics will be reported in the form of percentages and means with standard deviations. Non-parametric tests will be used to analyze categorical variables. 95% confidence intervals will be reported for each analysis. The qualitative data captured in the open-ended questions will be analyzed for common themes in order to provide further explanation for the quantitative data as well as to provide additional information for further research.
Significance:
A recent systematic review of the dance injury literature stressed the necessity of a standardized definition of injury for future research studies involving dancers. This study will attempt to address the dancer's perspective in regards to perception of injury. We believe this international study will provide insight into the frequency and reporting of dance-related pain and some potential factors that influence this. Ultimately, we hope to improve the health-related quality of life for dancers with musculoskeletal injury.
- Medical subject headings
- Wounds and Injuries
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| NBC | All dancers with the National Ballet of Canada will be given the opportunity to participate in the study. | |
| TDT | All dancers with the Toronto Dance Theatre will be given the opportunity to participate. | |
| KDC | All members of the Kibbutz Contemporary Dance company will be given the opportunity to participate. | |
| BDC | All dancers with the Batsheva Dance Company or Ensemble will be given the opportunity to participate. | |
| RSB | All dancers with the Royal Swedish Ballet will be given the opportunity to participate. | |
| RDB | All dancers with the Royal Danish Ballet will be given the opportunity to participate. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Self Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain (SEFIP) Perception of Injury Questionnaire
Measured: Point prevalence
Secondary outcomes (1)
Numeric Rating Scale, Perception of Injury Questionnaire
Measured: Point prevalence
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Nov 2007 (estimated)
- Study startApr 2007
- Study completionJun 2008
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (6)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Musculoskeletal SystemStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University Health Network, TorontoThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 266 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University Health Network, Toronto
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Investigators
- J. David Cassidy, PhD, DrMedSc, Principal investigator, Toronto Western Research InstituteCraig L Jacobs, BFA, DC, Study director, Toronto Western Research Institute
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00554957
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 06-0930-AE
- Status last verified
- Feb 2009
- First submitted
- 5 Nov 2007
- Last updated
- 13 Feb 2009
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Ramel EM, et al, Validation of a pain questionnaire (SEFIP) for dancers with a specially created test battery, Medical Problems of Performing Artists; December 1999.
Tajet-Foxell B, Rose FD. Pain and pain tolerance in professional ballet dancers. Br J Sports Med. 1995 Mar;29(1):31-4. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.29.1.31.
PubMed 7788215Hamilton LH et al, Factors contributing to the attrition rate in elite ballet students, Journal of Dance Medicine and Science;1997;1(4).
McNeal AP et al, Lower extremity alignment and injury in young, preprofessional college and professional ballet dancers, Part II: Dancer-reported injuries; Medical Problems of Performing Artists; June 1990.
Ramel E, Moritz U. Self-reported musculoskeletal pain and discomfort in professional ballet dancers in Sweden. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1994 Mar;26(1):11-6.
PubMed 8023078Ramel E, Thorsson O, Wollmer P. Fitness training and its effect on musculoskeletal pain in professional ballet dancers. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1997 Oct;7(5):293-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.1997.tb00156.x.
PubMed 9338948
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Feb 2009. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Perception of Musculoskeletal Injury in Professional Dancers, an International Comparison
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00554957
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 06-0930-AE
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 266 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University Health Network, TorontoUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Southern Denmark, Lund University, Hadassah Medical Organization
- Study start
- Apr 2007
- Study completion
- Jun 2008 (actual)
- First posted
- 7 Nov 2007 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The annual frequency of injury among dancers has been reported to range between 23-84% while as many as 95% of professional dancers have ongoing pain. The discrepancy between the number of reported injuries and the amount of pain reported at any given time could be related to the definition of injury, or how dancers' themselves perceive injury with respect to pain and activity limitation thresholds. For many reasons, dancers may be dancing through or past what health care providers may conceive as injury. This can put them at risk of further or chronic injury. The purpose of this study is to understand at which point pain limits a dancer's ability to continue to perform and whether this is influenced by available medical services, a supportive dance environment, or other factors. In addition, the issue of non-reporting of injuries will be studied. This is very important as this will affect all measures of injury frequency and risk for dancers.
Detailed description
Brief Rationale and Objective:
The annual frequency of injury among dancers has been reported to range between 23-84% while as many as 95% of professional dancers have ongoing pain. The discrepancy between the number of reported injuries and the amount of pain reported at any given time could be related to the definition of injury, or how dancers' themselves perceive injury with respect to pain and activity limitation thresholds. For many reasons, dancers may be dancing through or past what health care providers may conceive as injury. This can put them at risk of future recurrent or chronic injury. The purpose of this study is to gain insight into professional dancers' perception of musculoskeletal (MSK) injury in order to understand at which point pain limits a dancer's ability to continue to perform and to determine what factors influence a dancer's perception of injury and decision to seek or not seek care. We will investigate whether this is influenced by available medical services, a supportive dance environment, or other factors. In addition, the issue of non-reporting of injuries will be studied. This is very important because it affects all measures of injury frequency and risk for dancers.
Research Questions:
The purpose of this study will be to answer the following questions: 1) What is the prevalence of MSK injury-related pain in the dance company? 2) What are the pain and activity limitation thresholds for a dancer to consider him/herself injured? 3) What factors are associated with considering him/herself injured? 4) What constitutes a major or a minor injury to a dancer? 5) How are dancers reporting their injuries? 6) How many dancers are not reporting their injuries and what are the reasons? 7) Do the answers to the above questions differ between countries (Canada, Israel, Sweden, Denmark) that have varying levels of social and medical support for dancers?
Design and Methodology:
Design: Cross-sectional survey. Study Population: All dancers employed by: The National Ballet of Canada, Toronto Dance Theatre, Batsheva Dance Company and Ensemble (Israel), The Kibbutz Contemporary Dance Company (Israel), the Royal Swedish Ballet (Sweden), and the Royal Danish Ballet (Denmark). Total approximate number of participants is 294. Methods: Two questionnaires will be distributed to participants. The Self-Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain (SEFIP) questionnaire is a validated tool for dancers which has shown good agreement with actual pain found on physical examination. The SEFIP will be used in order to measure pain and functional deficits. An additional questionnaire will be used to gain further information regarding the above research questions. There will be an area for the dancers to include any additional comments in relation to these subjects in order to capture further qualitative data. Data Analysis: Descriptive statistics will be reported in the form of percentages and means with standard deviations. Non-parametric tests will be used to analyze categorical variables. 95% confidence intervals will be reported for each analysis. The qualitative data captured in the open-ended questions will be analyzed for common themes in order to provide further explanation for the quantitative data as well as to provide additional information for further research.
Significance:
A recent systematic review of the dance injury literature stressed the necessity of a standardized definition of injury for future research studies involving dancers. This study will attempt to address the dancer's perspective in regards to perception of injury. We believe this international study will provide insight into the frequency and reporting of dance-related pain and some potential factors that influence this. Ultimately, we hope to improve the health-related quality of life for dancers with musculoskeletal injury.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 6
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| NBC | – | –All dancers with the National Ballet of Canada will be given the opportunity to participate in the study. |
| TDT | – | –All dancers with the Toronto Dance Theatre will be given the opportunity to participate. |
| KDC | – | –All members of the Kibbutz Contemporary Dance company will be given the opportunity to participate. |
| BDC | – | –All dancers with the Batsheva Dance Company or Ensemble will be given the opportunity to participate. |
| RSB | – | –All dancers with the Royal Swedish Ballet will be given the opportunity to participate. |
| RDB | – | –All dancers with the Royal Danish Ballet will be given the opportunity to participate. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Professional Dancers
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- All dancers employed by the National Ballet of Canada, Toronto Dance Theatre, Batsheva Dance Company and Ensemble, Kibbutz Contemporary Dance Company, the Royal Swedish Ballet, and the Royal Danish Ballet will be included in the study. Additional dance companies from Sweden, Israel, Denmark and Canada (and other countries) may be invited to participate. If so, then identical protocols will be followed for all companies.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Any dancer less than 18 years of age will be excluded from the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Self Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain (SEFIP) Perception of Injury Questionnaire
Time frame: Point prevalence
1 secondary outcome
Numeric Rating Scale, Perception of Injury Questionnaire
Time frame: Point prevalence
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Feb 2009.
- BackgroundRamel EM, et al, Validation of a pain questionnaire (SEFIP) for dancers with a specially created test battery, Medical Problems of Performing Artists; December 1999.
- Background: PubMed 7788215Tajet-Foxell B, Rose FD. Pain and pain tolerance in professional ballet dancers. Br J Sports Med. 1995 Mar;29(1):31-4. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.29.1.31.
- BackgroundHamilton LH et al, Factors contributing to the attrition rate in elite ballet students, Journal of Dance Medicine and Science;1997;1(4).
- BackgroundMcNeal AP et al, Lower extremity alignment and injury in young, preprofessional college and professional ballet dancers, Part II: Dancer-reported injuries; Medical Problems of Performing Artists; June 1990.
- Background: PubMed 8023078Ramel E, Moritz U. Self-reported musculoskeletal pain and discomfort in professional ballet dancers in Sweden. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1994 Mar;26(1):11-6.
- Background: PubMed 9338948Ramel E, Thorsson O, Wollmer P. Fitness training and its effect on musculoskeletal pain in professional ballet dancers. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1997 Oct;7(5):293-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.1997.tb00156.x.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
J. David Cassidy, PhD, DrMedSc principal investigator
Toronto Western Research Institute
Craig L Jacobs, BFA, DC study director
Toronto Western Research Institute
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Musculoskeletal System and Disability Evaluation, run by University Health Network, Toronto at 1 site in Canada.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Feb 2009. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Self Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain (SEFIP) Perception of Injury Questionnaire (time frame: Point prevalence). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00554957, which also lists 6 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Feb 2009.