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Leukemia, Myeloid, AcutePhase 2NCT00546897

Lenalidomide in Older Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Without Chromosome 5q Abnormalities

A Phase 2 study testing Lenalidomide in people with Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, run by Washington University School of Medicine at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

This study is designed to test the safety and efficacy of lenalidomide in older patients (age > 60 years) with untreated acute myeloid leukemia without chromosomal abnormalities involving 5q. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 60 years and older
Conditions the study is for
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
What is being tested?
Lenalidomide
Type of treatment
Pill or oral medicine
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
48 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
Feb 2007to Mar 2012
Phase
Phase 2
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 60 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • AML, de novo, secondary to prior therapy, or transformed from MDS, as defined by the International Working Group (except acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML M3). Patients must not have abnormalities of chromosome 5q as assessed by routine cytogenetics or FISH. Diagnosis of AML by WHO criteria (≥20% blasts) is determined by CBC, bone marrow assessment, and immunophenotypic analysis performed within 2 weeks of study enrollment.
  • Intermediate or poor-risk cytogenetics as defined by SWOG criteria
  • Age ≥ 60 years at the time of signing the informed consent form.
  • Understand and voluntarily sign an informed consent form.
  • Able to adhere to the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements.
  • No previous treatment for AML, however hydroxyurea, steroids, and leukopheresis are allowed
Show all 14Show fewer
  • ECOG performance status of ≤ 2 at study entry.
  • Life expectancy > 2 months
  • Adequate organ function as defined by:
  • Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5X institution upper limit of normal (ULN)
  • Total bilirubin ≤ 2.0 mg/dL
  • AST (SGOT) and ALT (SGPT) ≤ 5 x ULN
  • Females of childbearing potential (FCBP) must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test with a sensitivity of at least 50 mIU/mL within 10 - 14 days prior to and again within 24 hours of starting lenalidomide and must either commit to continued abstinence from heterosexual intercourse or begin TWO acceptable methods of birth control, one highly effective method and one additional effective method AT THE SAME TIME, at least 28 days before she starts taking lenalidomide. FCBP must also agree to ongoing pregnancy testing. Men must agree to use a latex condom during sexual contact with a FCBP even if they have had a successful vasectomy. All patients must be counseled at a minimum of every 28 days about pregnancy precautions and risks of fetal exposure.
  • Disease free of prior malignancies for ≥ 5 years with exception of currently treated basal cell, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or carcinoma "in situ" of the cervix or breast.

Who cannot join

  • Received prior treatment for AML
  • Favorable risk cytogenetic abnormalities as defined by SWOG criteria (http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/content/abstract/96/13/4075) that include: inv(16)/t(16;16)/del(16q), t(15;17) with/without secondary aberrations, t(8;21) lacking del(9q) or complex karyotype (16). Prior to enrollment, FISH, molecular studies or routine cytogenetics must be completed to rule out these cytogenetic abnormalities.
  • Known CNS leukemia
  • Any serious medical condition, laboratory abnormality, or psychiatric illness that would prevent the subject from signing the informed consent form.
  • Any condition, including the presence of laboratory abnormalities, which places the subject at unacceptable risk if he/she were to participate in the study or confounds the ability to interpret data from the study.
  • Use of any other experimental drug or therapy within 30 days of enrollment.
  • Known hypersensitivity to thalidomide.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site
  • Washington University School of Medicine

    St Louis, Missouri, 63110

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Phase II Trial of Lenalidomide in Older Patients (>/= 60 Years) With Untreated Acute Myeloid Leukemia Without Chromosome 5q Abnormalities

This study is designed to test the safety and efficacy of lenalidomide in older patients (age > 60 years) with untreated acute myeloid leukemia without chromosomal abnormalities involving 5q.

Read the detailed description

The incidence of AML increases with age, and current treatment options for the older patient population with newly diagnosed AML (AML >= 60) is limited, all with poor outcomes. AML >= 60 patients are more likely to have poor-risk cytogenetics abnormalities, and many have a preceding myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Traditional induction chemotherapy approaches in AML with cytarabine and anthracyclines yield remissions in 45-60% of AML >= 60, however the vast majority of these patients relapse with a median survival of about 9 months. These patients are rarely candidates for potentially curative allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Many untreated AML >= 60 patients are not candidates for aggressive therapy, and those who do receive therapy have a significant induction mortality of 10-20%, and significant hematologic toxicity occurs in over 30%, with no change in overall survival compared with supportive care. AML >= 60 patients with favorable risk cytogenetics have a modest improvement in prognosis, for example with a 5 year overall survival of ~20%, compared with 0% in other cytogenetic categories. Thus, all eligible patients with AML >= 60 should be recommended a clinical trial, regardless of whether they would be offered generally ineffective traditional induction chemotherapy. More effective and less toxic therapies are needed for the treatment of AML in this older patient population, indeed the preferred first line therapy in the national cancer center network (NCCN) guidelines for AML is a clinical trial.

In trials of lenalidomide in patients with MDS the dose of lenalidomide has been reduced for myelotoxicity and/or thrombocytopenia. However, current paradigms for the therapy of acute myeloid leukemia are based on using high doses of myelosuppressive chemotherapy and supporting the patient through a 4-5 weeks period of neutropenia/thrombocytopenia in an attempt to eliminate the malignant clone. Based on its efficacy in the related myeloid disorder MDS, and the close relationship between MDS and AML in patients > 60, this trial employs the same paradigm of myelosuppressive therapy using high dose lenalidomide instead of chemotherapy. Importantly, within the MDS trials using low doses of lenalidomide, responses were observed in 3/9 (33%) of patients with excess blasts (RAEB/RAEB-t), which are now classified as evolving into AML or AML. This suggests that the therapeutic effect of lenalidomide occurs in the setting of a large percentage of blasts, such as AML, although the dose and schedule of lenalidomide administration is different. The response of AML >= 60 patients to the proposed high dose lenalidomide regimen is unknown. Following high dose lenalidomide, in those patients that have a response, we propose using a lower dose maintenance strategy similar to the FDA approved dosing for MDS. The maintenance phase will include standard dose reductions for unacceptable toxicities.

Being tested
Lenalidomide
Medical subject headings
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Study groups in NCT00546897
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Cohort 1ExperimentalLenalidomide 50 mg/day oral for 14 days followed by 30 days of rest. Lenalidomide 50 mg/day oral for 21 days (this is Cycle 1 and Cycle 2). If no progressive disease (PD) then lenalidomide 10 mg/day oral for 28 days for 12 cycles.
Receives: Drug: Lenalidomide
Cohort 2ExperimentalCycle 1: Oral lenalidomide 50 mg/day x 28 days induction therapy. Treatment will then depend on the response to Cycle 1: if patients obtain a complete remission (CR) they will proceed to low dose lenalidomide therapy, if patients have a non-CR they will receive a second high dose cycle of lenalidomide 50 mg/day x 28 days (Cycle 2) Cycle 2 consists of lenalidomide 50mg/day x 28 days Further treatment will depend on the response to Cycle 2: if patients obtain a CR/partial remission (PR)/stable disease (SD) they will proceed to low dose lenalidomide therapy, if patients have PD they will be removed from the study. Low Dose Cycles: low dose lenalidomide therapy consisting of 10 mg daily for a 28 day cycle.be 1) For patients that achieve a CR, 2 cycles of low dose lenalidomide will be administered, and then patients observed off therapy. For patients with PR/SD, low dose lenalidomide will continue for a total of 6 cycles and then patients will be observed off therapy.
Receives: Drug: Lenalidomide

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Complete Remission Rate (CRm + CRi + CRc)

    CRm = Defined as morphologic leukemia-free state, including <5% blasts in BM aspirate with marrow spicules and a count of > 200 nucleated cells and no blasts with Auer rods, no persistent extramedullary disease, ANC > 1000/uL, platelet count >100,000/uL. Patient must be independent of transfusions for a minimum of 1 week before each marrow assessment. There is no duration requirement for this designation.

    CRi = Defined as CR with the exception of neutropenia <1000/uL or thrombocytopenia <100,000/ul.

    Cytogenetic complete remission (CRc): Only patients with an identified cytogenetic abnormality may receive this designation. Defines as a morphologic complete remission plus reversion to a normal karyotype (no clonal abnormalities detected in a minimum of 20 mitotic cells).

    Measured: After 2 cycles of low dose lenalidomide (approximately Day 113 for Cohort 1 and approximately Day 104 for Cohort 2)

Secondary outcomes (15)
  1. Safety and Tolerability (Removal From Study Due to Adverse Events)

    Toxicity will be scored using CTCAE Version 3.0 for toxicity and adverse event reporting

    Measured: 4 weeks after last dose of study drug [median duration of therapy was 65 days (range, 3-413 days)]

  2. Response Rate (RR)

    RR = as patients obtaining any response (CRm + CRc +CRi + PR).

    CRm = Defined as morphologic leukemia-free state, including <5% blasts in BM aspirate with marrow spicules and a count of > 200 nucleated cells and no blasts with Auer rods, no persistent extramedullary disease, ANC > 1000/uL, platelet count > 100,000/uL. Patient must be independent of transfusions for a minimum of 1 week before each marrow assessment. There is no duration requirement for this designation.

    CRc = Cytogenetic complete remission (CRc): Only patients with an identified cytogenetic abnormality may receive this designation. Defines as a morphologic complete remission plus reversion to a normal karyotype (no clonal abnormalities detected in a minimum of 20 mitotic cells).

    Morphologic complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi): Defined as CR with the exception of neutropenia <1000/uL or thrombocytopenia <100,000/ul.

    Partial remission (PR): Requires

    Measured: After 2 cycles of low dose lenalidomide (approximately Day 113 for Cohort 1 and approximately Day 104 for Cohort 2)

  3. Morphologic Leukemia Free State

    Morphologic leukemia-free state: Defined as < 5% blasts on the BM aspirate with spicules and a count of > 200 nucleated cells and no blasts with Auer rods, and no persistent extramedullary disease.

    Measured: After 2 cycles of low dose lenalidomide (approximately Day 113 for Cohort 1 and approximately Day 104 for Cohort 2)

  4. Morphologic Complete Remission Rate (CRm)

    CRm = Defined as morphologic leukemia-free state, including <5% blasts in BM aspirate with marrow spicules and a count of > 200 nucleated cells and no blasts with Auer rods, no persistent extramedullary disease, ANC > 1000/uL, platelet count >100,000/uL. Patient must be independent of transfusions for a minimum of 1 week before each marrow assessment. There is no duration requirement for this designation.

    Measured: After 2 cycles of low dose lenalidomide (approximately Day 113 for Cohort 1 and approximately Day 104 for Cohort 2)

  5. Cytogenetics CR Rate (CRc)

    Cytogenetic complete remission (CRc): Only patients with an identified cytogenetic abnormality may receive this designation. Defines as a morphologic complete remission plus reversion to a normal karyotype (no clonal abnormalities detected in a minimum of 20 mitotic cells).

    Measured: After 2 cycles of low dose lenalidomide (approximately Day 113 for Cohort 1 and approximately Day 104 for Cohort 2)

  6. CR With Complete Blood Counts (CRi) Rate

    CRi = Defined as CR with the exception of neutropenia <1000/uL or thrombocytopenia <100,000/ul.

    Measured: After 2 cycles of low dose lenalidomide (approximately Day 113 for Cohort 1 and approximately Day 104 for Cohort 2)

  7. Partial Remission Rate (PR)

    Partial remission (PR): Requires that the criteria for complete remission be met with the following exceptions: decrease of >50% in the percentage of blasts to 5-25% in the BM aspirate. A value of < 5% blasts in BM with Auer rods is also considered a partial remission.

    Measured: After 2 cycles of low dose lenalidomide (approximately Day 113 for Cohort 1 and approximately Day 104 for Cohort 2)

  8. Overall Survival (OS)

    Overall survival: Defined as the date of first dose of study drug to the date of death from any cause.

    Measured: 2 years

  9. Event Free Survival (EFS)

    Event free survival: Defined as the interval from the date of first dose of study drug to date of treatment failure, recurrence, or death due to any cause.

    Measured: 2 years

  10. Progression-free Survival

    Progression-free survival (PFS) denotes the chances of staying free of disease progression for a group of individuals suffering from a cancer after a particular treatment. It is the percentage of individuals in the group whose disease is likely to remain stable (and not show signs of progression) after a specified duration of time. Progression-free survival rates are an indication of how effective a particular treatment is.

    Measured: 2 years

  11. Relapse Free Survival (RFS) for Complete Responders

    This is determined only for patients achieving a complete remission. Defined as the interval from the date of first documentation of a leukemia free state to date of recurrence or death due to any cause.

    Measured: 2 years

  12. Duration of CR for Complete Responders

    Duration of remission: Defined as the interval from the date complete remission is documented to the date of recurrence

    Measured: 2 years

  13. Changes in NK Cell Number and Function

    Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) will be viably cryopreserved from patients at baseline (pre-therapy, newly diagnosed AML), during lenalidomide therapy, and posttherapy. Following sample collection, PBMC will be thawed, and flow cytometry will be performed to assess NK cell number (CD56+CD3-), subsets, and phenotype utilizing the Siteman Cancer Center Flow Cytometry / Cell Sorting Core. In addition, NK cell function will be assessed in flow based killing assays using PBMC (containing NK cells) as effectors and NK sensitive cell lines (K562) and/or autologous leukemic blasts as target cells. Thus, analyzing these parameters in patients before, during, and after therapy will provide a comprehensive evaluation of the ability of lenalidomide to modulate NK cells in patients in vivo.

    Measured: Baseline, during therapy, and posttherapy

  14. Gene Expression Profiles of Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood

    RNA will be made from total bone marrow cells for labeling and evaluations by RNA profiling. Cellular RNA and corresponding biotinylated cRNA targets will be prepared and hybridized with Affymetrix GeneChip® microarrays within the Multiplexed Gene Analysis SCC Core (Dr. Mark Watson, Director). Microarray data (and eventually corresponding gene sequence data) will be integrated an analyzed with state-of-the-art software packages. The pre- and post-treatment RNA profiling studies will be used as a discovery tool. Patterns of gene expression before and after lenalidomide therapy will be compared within each patient's sample to identify genes with altered expression after lenalidomide therapy. In addition, supervised algorithms will be sued to identify genes that can potentially predict clinical outcome and response to lenalidomide therapy.

    Measured: Pre and post treatment

  15. Plasma Proteins Via Proteomics

    Proteomic analysis will be performed within the Siteman Cancer Center proteomics core on pre- and post-treatment plasma samples. This pilot proteomic study will identify candidate proteins of interest with altered expression after treatment with lenalidomide. This approach will provide an unbiased method to assess global changes in serum proteins following lenalidomide therapy.

    Measured: Pre and post treatment

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted19 Oct 2007 (estimated)
  2. Study startFeb 2007
  3. Primary completionJun 2010
  4. Study completionMar 2012

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Non-randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
48 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT00546897
Sponsor's protocol ID
06-0907
Status last verified
Sep 2014
First submitted
17 Oct 2007
Last updated
29 Sep 2014
Data monitoring committee
Yes

Publications

  • List A, Kurtin S, Roe DJ, Buresh A, Mahadevan D, Fuchs D, Rimsza L, Heaton R, Knight R, Zeldis JB. Efficacy of lenalidomide in myelodysplastic syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2005 Feb 10;352(6):549-57. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa041668.

    PubMed 15703420
  • List, AF, G Dewald, J Bennett, et al. 2005. Hematologic and Cytogenetic (CTG) Response to Lenalidomide (CC-5013) in Patients with Transfusion-Dependent (TD) Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and Chromosome 5q31.1 Deletion: Results of the Multicenter MDS-003 Study. In ASCO, Orlando, FL.

  • Bansal D, Vij K, Chang GS, Miller CA, DiPersio JF, Vij R, Heath SE, Westervelt P, Welch JS, Fehniger TA. Lenalidomide results in a durable complete remission in acute myeloid leukemia accompanied by persistence of somatic mutations and a T-cell infiltrate in the bone marrow. Haematologica. 2018 Jun;103(6):e270-e273. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2017.184168. Epub 2018 Mar 22. No abstract available.

    PubMed 29567774
  • Fehniger TA, Uy GL, Trinkaus K, Nelson AD, Demland J, Abboud CN, Cashen AF, Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Westervelt P, DiPersio JF, Vij R. A phase 2 study of high-dose lenalidomide as initial therapy for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2011 Feb 10;117(6):1828-33. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-07-297143. Epub 2010 Nov 4.

    PubMed 21051557
  • Fehniger TA, Byrd JC, Marcucci G, Abboud CN, Kefauver C, Payton JE, Vij R, Blum W. Single-agent lenalidomide induces complete remission of acute myeloid leukemia in patients with isolated trisomy 13. Blood. 2009 Jan 29;113(5):1002-5. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-04-152678. Epub 2008 Sep 29.

    PubMed 18824593

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 2 study testing Lenalidomide in people with Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, run by Washington University School of Medicine at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 14 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Sep 2014. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 29 Sep 2014). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Complete Remission Rate (CRm + CRi + CRc) (time frame: After 2 cycles of low dose lenalidomide (approximately Day 113 for Cohort 1 and approximately Day 104 for Cohort 2)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00546897, which also lists 5 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Sep 2014.

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