Kallmann SyndromePhase 1NCT00392756
Examination of Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (IHH)and Kallmann Syndrome (KS)
A Phase 1 study testing gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in people with Kallmann Syndrome and Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism, run by Massachusetts General Hospital at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of the study is to examine how Kallmann syndrome (KS) and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) affect reproductive hormones. These disorders are caused by a defect in Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) secretion. GnRH is a hormone released by a small gland in the brain called the hypothalamus. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 16 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Kallmann Syndrome, Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism, GnRH Deficiency
- What is being tested?
- gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 624 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Apr 1989to 16 May 2019
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 16 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- adolescent boys (age 16-17 years) and adult male individuals (age 18 years and older) with a single serum sample demonstrating low testosterone in association with low or inappropriately normal gonadotropin levels
- adolescent girls (age 16-17 years) and adult female individuals (age 18 years and older) with a single serum sample demonstrating low estradiol (estrogen) in association with low or inappropriately normal gonadotropin levels
- suitable male and female hypogonadotropic hypogonadal subjects
Who cannot join
- no specific exclusion criteria
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts, 02114-2696
About this study
Official title: Role of Gonadotropin Pulsations in the Reversal of Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
The purpose of the study is to examine how Kallmann syndrome (KS) and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) affect reproductive hormones. These disorders are caused by a defect in Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) secretion. GnRH is a hormone released by a small gland in the brain called the hypothalamus. When GnRH is released, it signals another gland in the brain, the pituitary, to secrete the reproductive hormones that influence sex hormone (testosterone, estrogen) levels and gamete (sperm, egg cell) production.
This study involves a detailed evaluation and 24-48 hours stay at the hospital.
In this study, males and females ages 16 and older with IHH have a detailed evaluation which involves an overnight study at the hospital. Some men (18 years and older) may continue on to receive treatment with pulsatile GnRH. This treatment replaces the hormone which is absent in IHH and results in normalized testosterone and typically is effective in developing fertility.
Read the detailed description
The specific aims of this study are:
- To identify men and women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and to define the spectrum of abnormalities in GnRH secretion in these patients.
- To study the physiology and control of the reproductive system in the human male and female.
- To determine the relationship between glucose metabolism and testosterone levels in men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
- To characterize the neuroendocrine and metabolic phenotype of participants with IHH and use this information to make genotype-phenotype correlations.
Despite variability in the triggers, timing, and pace of sexual maturity between species, all species utilize the final pathway of hypothalamic secretion of GnRH to initiate and maintain the reproductive axis. Thus, GnRH is required for reproductive competence in the human. The classic studies of Knobil and his colleagues in the 1970s clearly demonstrated that pulsatile release of GnRH from the hypothalamus is a prerequisite for physiologic gonadotrope function, with continuous stimulation resulting in a paradoxical decrease in gonadotrope responsiveness.
Absence, decreased frequency or decreased amplitude of pulsatile GnRH release results in the clinical syndrome of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). Deficient GnRH secretion may occur in isolation (idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism [IHH]), in association with anosmia (Kallmann syndrome [KS]) or as a result of a variety of structural and functional lesions of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The phenotypic expression of GnRH deficiency in the human demonstrates considerable heterogeneity, suggesting that patients with IHH and KS may represent part of a spectrum of isolated GnRH deficiency as opposed to representing discrete diagnostic subsets.
Defining the physiology of GnRH is critical to understanding the clinical heterogeneity of isolated GnRH deficiency. This protocol will utilize the disease model of HH to increase our understanding of the physiology of GnRH secretion. Examining the baseline characteristics of patients with isolated GnRH deficiency allows the determination of the normal requirements for endogenous GnRH secretion in the human.
Recent studies have revealed an association between hyperinsulinemia and low testosterone levels in men. This finding has been demonstrated in normal physiological conditions as well as in insulin resistant states. However, the causal nature and directionality of this relationship is not yet understood. Specifically, do lower testosterone levels cause insulin resistance resulting in hyperinsulinemia or vice versa? Because insulin resistance is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease as well as type 2 diabetes, it is important to investigate this relationship for the implications it may have for prevention of and therapeutic interventions for these disorders.
- Being tested
- gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
- Keywords
- Kallmann Syndrome, Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism, GnRH deficiency, Pulsatile GnRH
- Medical subject headings
- Kallmann Syndrome, Hypogonadism
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)Drug
pulsatile GnRH is delivered to adult men (18+ yrs) via portable microinfusion pump. A small dose (30 microliters) is delivered subcutaneously every 120 minutes. The initial dose is 25 ng/Kg which is increased until normal serum testosterone levels are achieved.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| off treatment | No intervention | Subjects undergo the baseline evaluation off treatment |
| GnRH Treatment | Experimental | Subjects receive long term pulsatile GnRH therapy Receives: Drug: gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
endogenous LH secretion pattern
Measured: 8 to 24 hours
Secondary outcomes (2)
testicular volume
Measured: up to 2 years
sperm count
Measured: up to 2 years
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Oct 2006 (estimated)
- Study startApr 1989
- Primary completion16 May 2019
- Study completion16 May 2019
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (38)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Kallmann SyndromeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Massachusetts General HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 624 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Stephanie B. Seminara, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Investigators
- Stephanie B Seminara, MD, Principal investigator, Massachusetts General Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00392756
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- U54HD028138-024
- Other IDs
- 5U54HD028138
- Status last verified
- Jul 2022
- First submitted
- 25 Oct 2006
- Last updated
- 11 Jul 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Belchetz PE, Plant TM, Nakai Y, Keogh EJ, Knobil E. Hypophysial responses to continuous and intermittent delivery of hypopthalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Science. 1978 Nov 10;202(4368):631-3. doi: 10.1126/science.100883.
PubMed 100883Seminara SB, Hayes FJ, Crowley WF Jr. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in the human (idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Kallmann's syndrome): pathophysiological and genetic considerations. Endocr Rev. 1998 Oct;19(5):521-39. doi: 10.1210/edrv.19.5.0344. No abstract available.
PubMed 9793755Arimura A, Kastin AJ, Gonzalez-Barcena D, Siller J, Weaver RE, Schally AV. Disappearance of LH-releasing hormone in man as determined by radioimmunoassay. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1974 Oct;3(4):421-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1974.tb02812.x. No abstract available.
PubMed 4609640Pimstone B, Epstein S, Hamilton SM, LeRoith D, Hendricks S. Metabolic clearance and plasma half disappearance time of exogenous gonadotropin releasing hormone in normal subjects and in patients with liver disease and chronic renal failure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1977 Feb;44(2):356-60. doi: 10.1210/jcem-44-2-356.
PubMed 320223Clarke IJ, Cummins JT. The temporal relationship between gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in ovariectomized ewes. Endocrinology. 1982 Nov;111(5):1737-9. doi: 10.1210/endo-111-5-1737. No abstract available.
PubMed 6751801Karsch FJ, Bowen JM, Caraty A, Evans NP, Moenter SM. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone requirements for ovulation. Biol Reprod. 1997 Feb;56(2):303-9. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod56.2.303.
PubMed 9116125Spratt DI, O'Dea LS, Schoenfeld D, Butler J, Rao PN, Crowley WF Jr. Neuroendocrine-gonadal axis in men: frequent sampling of LH, FSH, and testosterone. Am J Physiol. 1988 May;254(5 Pt 1):E658-66. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1988.254.5.E658.
PubMed 3129947Hayes FJ, McNicholl DJ, Schoenfeld D, Marsh EE, Hall JE. Free alpha-subunit is superior to luteinizing hormone as a marker of gonadotropin-releasing hormone despite desensitization at fast pulse frequencies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Mar;84(3):1028-36. doi: 10.1210/jcem.84.3.5579.
PubMed 10084591Whitcomb RW, Crowley WF Jr. Clinical review 4: Diagnosis and treatment of isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990 Jan;70(1):3-7. doi: 10.1210/jcem-70-1-3. No abstract available.
PubMed 2403572Simon D, Preziosi P, Barrett-Connor E, Roger M, Saint-Paul M, Nahoul K, Papoz L. Interrelation between plasma testosterone and plasma insulin in healthy adult men: the Telecom Study. Diabetologia. 1992 Feb;35(2):173-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00402551.
PubMed 1547923Lichtenstein MJ, Yarnell JW, Elwood PC, Beswick AD, Sweetnam PM, Marks V, Teale D, Riad-Fahmy D. Sex hormones, insulin, lipids, and prevalent ischemic heart disease. Am J Epidemiol. 1987 Oct;126(4):647-57. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114704.
PubMed 3307391Seidell JC, Bjorntorp P, Sjostrom L, Kvist H, Sannerstedt R. Visceral fat accumulation in men is positively associated with insulin, glucose, and C-peptide levels, but negatively with testosterone levels. Metabolism. 1990 Sep;39(9):897-901. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(90)90297-p.
PubMed 2202881Pasquali R, Casimirri F, Cantobelli S, Melchionda N, Morselli Labate AM, Fabbri R, Capelli M, Bortoluzzi L. Effect of obesity and body fat distribution on sex hormones and insulin in men. Metabolism. 1991 Jan;40(1):101-4. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(91)90199-7.
PubMed 1984562Barrett-Connor E. Lower endogenous androgen levels and dyslipidemia in men with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 1992 Nov 15;117(10):807-11. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-117-10-807.
PubMed 1416554Andersson B, Marin P, Lissner L, Vermeulen A, Bjorntorp P. Testosterone concentrations in women and men with NIDDM. Diabetes Care. 1994 May;17(5):405-11. doi: 10.2337/diacare.17.5.405.
PubMed 8062607
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Jul 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Role of Gonadotropin Pulsations in the Reversal of Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00392756
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- U54HD028138-024
- Keywords
- Kallmann Syndrome, Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism, GnRH deficiency, Pulsatile GnRH
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 624 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Massachusetts General HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Apr 1989
- Primary completion
- 16 May 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- 16 May 2019 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Oct 2006 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of the study is to examine how Kallmann syndrome (KS) and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) affect reproductive hormones. These disorders are caused by a defect in Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) secretion. GnRH is a hormone released by a small gland in the brain called the hypothalamus. When GnRH is released, it signals another gland in the brain, the pituitary, to secrete the reproductive hormones that influence sex hormone (testosterone, estrogen) levels and gamete (sperm, egg cell) production.
This study involves a detailed evaluation and 24-48 hours stay at the hospital.
In this study, males and females ages 16 and older with IHH have a detailed evaluation which involves an overnight study at the hospital. Some men (18 years and older) may continue on to receive treatment with pulsatile GnRH. This treatment replaces the hormone which is absent in IHH and results in normalized testosterone and typically is effective in developing fertility.
Detailed description
The specific aims of this study are:
- To identify men and women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and to define the spectrum of abnormalities in GnRH secretion in these patients.
- To study the physiology and control of the reproductive system in the human male and female.
- To determine the relationship between glucose metabolism and testosterone levels in men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
- To characterize the neuroendocrine and metabolic phenotype of participants with IHH and use this information to make genotype-phenotype correlations.
Despite variability in the triggers, timing, and pace of sexual maturity between species, all species utilize the final pathway of hypothalamic secretion of GnRH to initiate and maintain the reproductive axis. Thus, GnRH is required for reproductive competence in the human. The classic studies of Knobil and his colleagues in the 1970s clearly demonstrated that pulsatile release of GnRH from the hypothalamus is a prerequisite for physiologic gonadotrope function, with continuous stimulation resulting in a paradoxical decrease in gonadotrope responsiveness.
Absence, decreased frequency or decreased amplitude of pulsatile GnRH release results in the clinical syndrome of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). Deficient GnRH secretion may occur in isolation (idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism [IHH]), in association with anosmia (Kallmann syndrome [KS]) or as a result of a variety of structural and functional lesions of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The phenotypic expression of GnRH deficiency in the human demonstrates considerable heterogeneity, suggesting that patients with IHH and KS may represent part of a spectrum of isolated GnRH deficiency as opposed to representing discrete diagnostic subsets.
Defining the physiology of GnRH is critical to understanding the clinical heterogeneity of isolated GnRH deficiency. This protocol will utilize the disease model of HH to increase our understanding of the physiology of GnRH secretion. Examining the baseline characteristics of patients with isolated GnRH deficiency allows the determination of the normal requirements for endogenous GnRH secretion in the human.
Recent studies have revealed an association between hyperinsulinemia and low testosterone levels in men. This finding has been demonstrated in normal physiological conditions as well as in insulin resistant states. However, the causal nature and directionality of this relationship is not yet understood. Specifically, do lower testosterone levels cause insulin resistance resulting in hyperinsulinemia or vice versa? Because insulin resistance is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease as well as type 2 diabetes, it is important to investigate this relationship for the implications it may have for prevention of and therapeutic interventions for these disorders.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| off treatment | No intervention | –Subjects undergo the baseline evaluation off treatment |
| GnRH Treatment | Experimental | Drug: gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)Subjects receive long term pulsatile GnRH therapy |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 16 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- adolescent boys (age 16-17 years) and adult male individuals (age 18 years and older) with a single serum sample demonstrating low testosterone in association with low or inappropriately normal gonadotropin levels
- adolescent girls (age 16-17 years) and adult female individuals (age 18 years and older) with a single serum sample demonstrating low estradiol (estrogen) in association with low or inappropriately normal gonadotropin levels
- suitable male and female hypogonadotropic hypogonadal subjects
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- no specific exclusion criteria
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)pulsatile GnRH is delivered to adult men (18+ yrs) via portable microinfusion pump. A small dose (30 microliters) is delivered subcutaneously every 120 minutes. The initial dose is 25 ng/Kg which is increased until normal serum testosterone levels are achieved. | Drug | GnRH Treatment |
Primary outcome
endogenous LH secretion pattern
Time frame: 8 to 24 hours
2 secondary outcomes
testicular volume
Time frame: up to 2 years
sperm count
Time frame: up to 2 years
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Jul 2022.
- Background: PubMed 100883Belchetz PE, Plant TM, Nakai Y, Keogh EJ, Knobil E. Hypophysial responses to continuous and intermittent delivery of hypopthalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Science. 1978 Nov 10;202(4368):631-3. doi: 10.1126/science.100883.
- Background: PubMed 9793755Seminara SB, Hayes FJ, Crowley WF Jr. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in the human (idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Kallmann's syndrome): pathophysiological and genetic considerations. Endocr Rev. 1998 Oct;19(5):521-39. doi: 10.1210/edrv.19.5.0344. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 4609640Arimura A, Kastin AJ, Gonzalez-Barcena D, Siller J, Weaver RE, Schally AV. Disappearance of LH-releasing hormone in man as determined by radioimmunoassay. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1974 Oct;3(4):421-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1974.tb02812.x. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 320223Pimstone B, Epstein S, Hamilton SM, LeRoith D, Hendricks S. Metabolic clearance and plasma half disappearance time of exogenous gonadotropin releasing hormone in normal subjects and in patients with liver disease and chronic renal failure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1977 Feb;44(2):356-60. doi: 10.1210/jcem-44-2-356.
- Background: PubMed 6751801Clarke IJ, Cummins JT. The temporal relationship between gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in ovariectomized ewes. Endocrinology. 1982 Nov;111(5):1737-9. doi: 10.1210/endo-111-5-1737. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 9116125Karsch FJ, Bowen JM, Caraty A, Evans NP, Moenter SM. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone requirements for ovulation. Biol Reprod. 1997 Feb;56(2):303-9. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod56.2.303.
- Background: PubMed 3129947Spratt DI, O'Dea LS, Schoenfeld D, Butler J, Rao PN, Crowley WF Jr. Neuroendocrine-gonadal axis in men: frequent sampling of LH, FSH, and testosterone. Am J Physiol. 1988 May;254(5 Pt 1):E658-66. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1988.254.5.E658.
- Background: PubMed 10084591Hayes FJ, McNicholl DJ, Schoenfeld D, Marsh EE, Hall JE. Free alpha-subunit is superior to luteinizing hormone as a marker of gonadotropin-releasing hormone despite desensitization at fast pulse frequencies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Mar;84(3):1028-36. doi: 10.1210/jcem.84.3.5579.
- Background: PubMed 2403572Whitcomb RW, Crowley WF Jr. Clinical review 4: Diagnosis and treatment of isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990 Jan;70(1):3-7. doi: 10.1210/jcem-70-1-3. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 1547923Simon D, Preziosi P, Barrett-Connor E, Roger M, Saint-Paul M, Nahoul K, Papoz L. Interrelation between plasma testosterone and plasma insulin in healthy adult men: the Telecom Study. Diabetologia. 1992 Feb;35(2):173-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00402551.
- Background: PubMed 3307391Lichtenstein MJ, Yarnell JW, Elwood PC, Beswick AD, Sweetnam PM, Marks V, Teale D, Riad-Fahmy D. Sex hormones, insulin, lipids, and prevalent ischemic heart disease. Am J Epidemiol. 1987 Oct;126(4):647-57. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114704.
- Background: PubMed 2202881Seidell JC, Bjorntorp P, Sjostrom L, Kvist H, Sannerstedt R. Visceral fat accumulation in men is positively associated with insulin, glucose, and C-peptide levels, but negatively with testosterone levels. Metabolism. 1990 Sep;39(9):897-901. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(90)90297-p.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Stephanie B Seminara, MD principal investigator
Massachusetts General Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1 study testing gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in people with Kallmann Syndrome and Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism, run by Massachusetts General Hospital at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Jul 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
endogenous LH secretion pattern (time frame: 8 to 24 hours). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00392756, which also lists 38 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Jul 2022.