LeukemiaPhase 3NCT00372593
Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Gemtuzumab in Treating Young Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia
A Phase 3 study testing asparaginase, cytarabine and daunorubicin hydrochloride in people with Leukemia, run by Children's Oncology Group at 198 sites in 6 countries.
Trial summary
RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Monoclonal antibodies, such as gemtuzumab, can block cancer growth in different ways. Some block the ability of cancer cells to grow and spread. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages Up to 29 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Leukemia
- What is being tested?
- asparaginase, cytarabine and daunorubicin hydrochloride
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 1,070 participants
- Where
- 198 sitesin 6 countries
- Study dates
- Aug 2006to 30 Sep 2020
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Up to 29 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:
- Newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
- Meets customary criteria for AML with ≥ 20% bone marrow blasts (by WHO classification)
- Patients with < 20% bone marrow blasts and cytopenia or myelodysplastic syndromes (e.g., chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, refractory anemia (RA), RA with excess blasts, RA with ringed sideroblasts) are eligible provided 1 of the following criteria is met:
- Karyotypic abnormality characteristic of de novo AML (t[8;21][q22;q22], inv[16][p13q22], t[16;16][p13;q22], or 11q23 abnormalities)
- Unequivocal presence of megakaryoblasts (by WHO classification)
- Isolated myeloid sarcoma (i.e., myeloblastoma or chloroma) allowed regardless of bone marrow results
- Infants < 1 month of age with progressive disease* are eligible NOTE: *Infants < 1 month of age with AML may be given supportive care until it is clear that the leukemia is not regressing (i.e., the disappearance of peripheral blasts and the normalization of peripheral blood counts)
- Patients with Down syndrome ≥ 4 years of age are eligible
- No juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
- No Fanconi's anemia, Kostmann syndrome, Shwachman syndrome, or any other known bone marrow failure syndrome
- No promyelocytic leukemia (M3)
- No secondary or treatment-related AML
- Matched family donor criteria (for patients with intermediate-risk or high-risk disease):
- HLA-A, -B, -C, and beta chain (-DRB1), identical or 1 antigen or allele mismatched by molecular high resolution technique
- All available first-degree family members (parents and siblings) must be HLA typed
- No syngeneic donors
- Matched alternative donor criteria (for patients with high-risk disease):
- HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1, identical or 1 antigen or allele mismatched donor
- HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 4 of 6 antigen matched unrelated cord blood donor
- Mismatched family member donor with ≥ 1 haplotype match or 5 of 6 antigen phenotypic match
PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:
- Not pregnant or nursing
- Negative pregnancy test
- Fertile patients must use effective contraception
PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:
- No prior chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or any antileukemic therapy
- Topical or inhalation steroids for other conditions allowed
- Intrathecal cytarabine given at diagnosis allowed
- No other prior treatment for AML
- No concurrent peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with matched family donor
Trial locations and contacts
198 sites in 6 countries.
198 sites in 6 countries
United States178 sites
Akron Children's Hospital
Akron, Ohio, 44308-1062
Albany Medical Center Hospital
Albany, New York, 12208
University of New Mexico Cancer Center
Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131-5636
Tulane Cancer Center Office of Clinical Research
Alexandria, Louisiana, 71315-3198
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine - Amarillo
Amarillo, Texas, 79106
C.S. Mott Children's Hospital at University of Michigan Medical Center
Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-0286
Mission Hospitals - Memorial Campus
Asheville, North Carolina, 28801
AFLAC Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta - Egleston Campus
Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University
Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
MBCCOP - Medical College of Georgia Cancer Center
Augusta, Georgia, 30912
Children's Hospital Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders
Aurora, Colorado, 80045
Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas
Austin, Texas, 78723
Greenebaum Cancer Center at University of Maryland Medical Center
Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
Alvin and Lois Lapidus Cancer Institute at Sinai Hospital
Baltimore, Maryland, 21215
Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins
Baltimore, Maryland, 21231-2410
CancerCare of Maine at Eastern Maine Medical Center
Bangor, Maine, 04401
Lehigh Valley Hospital - Muhlenberg
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 18017
UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center
Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
Mountain States Tumor Institute at St. Luke's Regional Medical Center
Boise, Idaho, 83712
Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts - New England Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts, 02111
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center at Dana Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
Brooklyn Hospital Center
Brooklyn, New York, 11201-5493
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
Buffalo, New York, 14263-0001
Fletcher Allen Health Care - University Health Center Campus
Burlington, Vermont, 05401
Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center at University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7295
Hollings Cancer Center at Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina, 29425
West Virginia University Health Sciences Center - Charleston
Charleston, West Virginia, 25302
Blumenthal Cancer Center at Carolinas Medical Center
Charlotte, North Carolina, 28232-2861
Presbyterian Cancer Center at Presbyterian Hospital
Charlotte, North Carolina, 28233-3549
University of Virginia Cancer Center
Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908
T.C. Thompson Children's Hospital
Chattanooga, Tennessee, 37403
University of Illinois Cancer Center
Chicago, Illinois, 60612-7243
Children's Memorial Hospital - Chicago
Chicago, Illinois, 60614
University of Chicago Cancer Research Center
Chicago, Illinois, 60637-1470
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229-3039
Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital
Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center
Cleveland, Ohio, 44195
Ellis Fischel Cancer Center at University of Missouri - Columbia
Columbia, Missouri, 65203
Palmetto Health South Carolina Cancer Center
Columbia, South Carolina, 29203
Nationwide Children's Hospital
Columbus, Ohio, 43205-2696
Driscoll Children's Hospital
Corpus Christi, Texas, 78411
Medical City Dallas Hospital
Dallas, Texas, 75230
Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center - Dallas
Dallas, Texas, 75390
Geisinger Cancer Institute at Geisinger Health
Danville, Pennsylvania, 17822-0001
Children's Medical Center - Dayton
Dayton, Ohio, 45404
Blank Children's Hospital
Des Moines, Iowa, 50309
Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute
Detroit, Michigan, 48201-1379
Southern California Permanente Medical Group
Downey, California, 90242
City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center
Duarte, California, 91010-3000
Duke Comprehensive Cancer Center
Durham, North Carolina, 27710
Inova Fairfax Hospital
Falls Church, Virginia, 22042-3300
CCOP - MeritCare Hospital
Fargo, North Dakota, 58122
Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Connecticut Health Center
Farmington, Connecticut, 06360-2875
Hurley Medical Center
Flint, Michigan, 48503
Broward General Medical Center Cancer Center
Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33316
Lee Cancer Care of Lee Memorial Health System
Fort Myers, Florida, 33901
Cook Children's Medical Center - Fort Worth
Fort Worth, Texas, 76104
University of Florida Shands Cancer Center
Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0232
Butterworth Hospital at Spectrum Health
Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503
St. Vincent Hospital Regional Cancer Center
Green Bay, Wisconsin, 54307-3508
Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center at ECU Medical School
Greenville, North Carolina, 27834
Greenville Hospital Cancer Center
Greenville, South Carolina, 29605
Van Elslander Cancer Center at St. John Hospital and Medical Center
Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan, 48236
Hackensack University Medical Center Cancer Center
Hackensack, New Jersey, 07601
Penn State Cancer Institute at Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033-0850
Penn State Children's Hospital
Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033-0850
Memorial Cancer Institute at Memorial Regional Hospital
Hollywood, Florida, 33021
Cancer Research Center of Hawaii
Honolulu, Hawaii, 96813
Baylor University Medical Center - Houston
Houston, Texas, 77030
Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center
Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202-5289
St. Vincent Indianapolis Hospital
Indianapolis, Indiana, 46260
Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center at University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa, 52242-1002
University of Mississippi Cancer Clinic
Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
Nemours Children's Clinic
Jacksonville, Florida, 32207-8426
CCOP - Kalamazoo
Kalamazoo, Michigan, 49008
Kansas Masonic Cancer Research Institute at the University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City, Kansas, 66160-7357
Children's Mercy Hospital
Kansas City, Missouri, 64108
East Tennessee Children's Hospital
Knoxville, Tennessee, 37916
Breslin Cancer Center at Ingham Regional Medical Center
Lansing, Michigan, 48910
CCOP - Nevada Cancer Research Foundation
Las Vegas, Nevada, 89106
Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03756-0002
Lucille P. Markey Cancer Center at University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0093
Arkansas Cancer Research Center at University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205
Loma Linda University Cancer Institute at Loma Linda University Medical Center
Loma Linda, California, 92354
Childrens Hospital Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California, 90027
Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Los Angeles, California, 90048-1865
Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA
Los Angeles, California, 90095-1781
Kosair Children's Hospital
Louisville, Kentucky, 40232
Covenant Children's Hospital
Lubbock, Texas, 79410
Children's Hospital Central California
Madera, California, 93636-8762
University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center
Madison, Wisconsin, 53792-6164
Marshfield Clinic - Marshfield Center
Marshfield, Wisconsin, 54449
Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center at Loyola University Medical Center
Maywood, Illinois, 60153
Banner Desert Medical Center
Mesa, Arizona, 85202
University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center - Miami
Miami, Florida, 33136
Miami Children's Hospital
Miami, Florida, 33155
Baptist-South Miami Regional Cancer Program
Miami, Florida, 33176
Midwest Children's Cancer Center at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226
Winthrop University Hospital
Mineola, New York, 11501
Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota - Minneapolis
Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55404
Masonic Cancer Center at University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute
Mobile, Alabama, 36604
Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center
Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-6838
Cancer Institute of New Jersey at UMDNJ - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903
Yale Cancer Center
New Haven, Connecticut, 06520-8028
Schneider Children's Hospital
New Hyde Park, New York, 11040
Children's Hospital of New Orleans
New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118
NYU Cancer Institute at New York University Medical Center
New York, New York, 10016
New York Weill Cornell Cancer Center at Cornell University
New York, New York, 10021
Mount Sinai Medical Center
New York, New York, 10029
Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center at Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York, 10032
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York, 10065
Newark Beth Israel Medical Center
Newark, New Jersey, 07112
Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters
Norfolk, Virginia, 23507
Advocate Christ Medical Center
Oak Lawn, Illinois, 60453-2699
Keyser Family Cancer Center at Advocate Hope Children's Hospital
Oak Lawn, Illinois, 60453
Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland
Oakland, California, 94609
Kaiser Permanente Medical Center - Oakland
Oakland, California, 94611
Oklahoma University Cancer Institute
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104
Children's Hospital
Omaha, Nebraska, 68114-4113
UNMC Eppley Cancer Center at the University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-6805
Children's Hospital of Orange County
Orange, California, 92868-3874
Florida Hospital Cancer Institute at Florida Hospital Orlando
Orlando, Florida, 32803-1273
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center at Orlando
Orlando, Florida, 32806
Nemours Children's Clinic - Orlando
Orlando, Florida, 32806
Advocate Lutheran General Cancer Care Center
Park Ridge, Illinois, 60068-1174
St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center
Paterson, New Jersey, 07503
Sacred Heart Cancer Center at Sacred Heart Hospital
Pensacola, Florida, 32504
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
St. Christopher's Hospital for Children
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19134-1095
Phoenix Children's Hospital
Phoenix, Arizona, 85016
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
Maine Children's Cancer Program at Barbara Bush Children's Hospital
Portland, Maine, 04102
Legacy Emanuel Hospital and Health Center and Children's Hospital
Portland, Oregon, 97227
Knight Cancer Institute at Oregon Health and Science University
Portland, Oregon, 97239-3098
Naval Medical Center - Portsmouth
Portsmouth, Virginia, 23708-2197
Rhode Island Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center
Providence, Rhode Island, 02903
Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center
Richmond, Virginia, 23298-0037
Carilion Medical Center for Children at Roanoke Community Hospital
Roanoke, Virginia, 24014
Mayo Clinic Cancer Center
Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
James P. Wilmot Cancer Center at University of Rochester Medical Center
Rochester, New York, 14642
Sutter Cancer Center
Sacramento, California, 95816
University of California Davis Cancer Center
Sacramento, California, 95817
Primary Children's Medical Center
Salt Lake City, Utah, 84113-1100
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas, 78229-3900
Methodist Children's Hospital of South Texas
San Antonio, Texas, 78229-3993
Rady Children's Hospital - San Diego
San Diego, California, 92123-4282
UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
San Francisco, California, 94115
Santa Barbara Cottage Children's Hospital
Santa Barbara, California, 93105
Curtis and Elizabeth Anderson Cancer Institute at Memorial Health University Medical Center
Savannah, Georgia, 31403-3089
Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center - Seattle
Seattle, Washington, 98105
Sanford Cancer Center at Sanford USD Medical Center
Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57117-5039
Providence Cancer Center at Sacred Heart Medical Center
Spokane, Washington, 99204
Simmons Cooper Cancer Institute
Springfield, Illinois, 62794-9677
Baystate Regional Cancer Program at D'Amour Center for Cancer Care
Springfield, Massachusetts, 01199-0001
Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital
St Louis, Missouri, 63104
Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital - Saint Louis
St Louis, Missouri, 63110
All Children's Hospital
St. Petersburg, Florida, 33701
Stony Brook University Cancer Center
Stony Brook, New York, 11794-9446
Overlook Hospital
Summit, New Jersey, 07902
SUNY Upstate Medical University Hospital
Syracuse, New York, 13210
Mary Bridge Children's Hospital and Health Center - Tacoma
Tacoma, Washington, 98405
Madigan Army Medical Center - Tacoma
Tacoma, Washington, 98431
St. Joseph's Cancer Institute at St. Joseph's Hospital
Tampa, Florida, 33607
CCOP - Scott and White Hospital
Temple, Texas, 76508
Albert Einstein Cancer Center at Albert Einstein College of Medicine
The Bronx, New York, 10461
Toledo Hospital
Toledo, Ohio, 43606
Medical University of Ohio Cancer Center
Toledo, Ohio, 43614
Jonathan Jaques Children's Cancer Center at Miller Children's Hospital
Torrance, California, 90502
Tripler Army Medical Center
Tripler AMC, Hawaii, 96859-5000
Arizona Cancer Center at University of Arizona Health Sciences Center
Tucson, Arizona, 85724-5024
Children's National Medical Center
Washington D.C., District of Columbia, 20010-2970
Walter Reed Army Medical Center
Washington D.C., District of Columbia, 20307-5001
Kaplan Cancer Center at St. Mary's Medical Center
West Palm Beach, Florida, 33407
Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Wilmington, Delaware, 19803
Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center
Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157-1096
UMASS Memorial Cancer Center - University Campus
Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655
Canada11 sites
IWK Health Centre
Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8
McMaster Children's Hospital at Hamilton Health Sciences
Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5
Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario at Kingston General Hospital
Kingston, Ontario, K7L 5P9
Children's Hospital of Western Ontario
London, Ontario, N6A 5W9
Hopital Sainte Justine
Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5
Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario
Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec
Québec, G1V 4G2
Janeway Children's Health and Rehabilitation Centre
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B 3V6
Hospital for Sick Children
Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8
Children's & Women's Hospital of British Columbia
Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3V4
CancerCare Manitoba
Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9
Australia4 sites
Royal Children's Hospital
Herston, Queensland, 4029
Women's and Children's Hospital
North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006
Princess Margaret Hospital for Children
Perth, Western Australia, 6001
Westmead Institute for Cancer Research at Westmead Hospital
Westmead, New South Wales, 2145
New Zealand2 sites
Christchurch Hospital
Christchurch, 8011
Starship Children's Health
Grafton, 1145
Switzerland2 sites
Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group Bern
Bern, 3010
Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group Geneva
Geneva, 1205
About this study
Official title: A Phase III Randomized Trial of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (Mylotarg) Combined With Conventional Chemotherapy for De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults
RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Monoclonal antibodies, such as gemtuzumab, can block cancer growth in different ways. Some block the ability of cancer cells to grow and spread. Others find cancer cells and help kill them or carry cancer-killing substances to them. Giving combination chemotherapy together with gemtuzumab may kill more cancer cells. It is not yet known whether combination chemotherapy is more effective with or without gemtuzumab in treating patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia.
PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial is studying combination chemotherapy and gemtuzumab to see how well they work compared with combination chemotherapy alone in treating young patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia.
Read the detailed description
OBJECTIVES:
Primary
- Compare the event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) of young patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with conventional combination chemotherapy with vs without gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GMTZ).
Secondary
- Compare the remission induction rates after two courses of therapy in these patients.
- Compare disease-free survival and OS in patients who are eligible for an human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched family donor (MFD) stem cell transplant (SCT) by virtue of their risk classification, with patients assigned to MFD SCT if a MFD is available, or to chemotherapy if a MFD is not available.
- Determine the outcome of patients with Down syndrome who are 4 years of age or older at diagnosis and treated with conventional combination chemotherapy without GMTZ.
- Compare the EFS and OS of patients with de novo AML treated with conventional combination chemotherapy with vs without GMTZ censoring MFD SCT recipients.
- Determine the prevalence and prognostic significance of molecular abnormalities of KIT, CCAAT-enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPα) and MLL-Partial tandem duplications (PTD) genes in these patients.
- Determine the leukemic involvement of hematopoietic early progenitor and its role in defining response to therapy.
- Assess the ability of a second-generation flow cytometric assay to predict patients at high risk for relapse during periods of clinical remission.
- Examine whether GMTZ significantly improves EFS and OS in patients with higher CD33 concentrations/intensity.
- Examine whether GMTZ significantly improves complete remission, EFS, and OS in each of the cytogenetic risk groups (high-, intermediate-, and low-risk) identified in prior Medical Research Council trials.
- Utilize fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis to identify variant patterns among subgroups of patients who demonstrate the same G-banded chromosomal abnormality (e.g., inv[16]/t[16;16], t[8;21], 11q23 abnormality) and determine whether these variant patterns account for the heterogeneity of responses to therapy.
- Examine the impact of complex karyotypes (≥ 3, ≥ 4, and ≥ 5 abnormalities) on OS and EFS in intermediate-risk patients for whom no high-risk or low-risk cytogenetic abnormalities exist.
OUTLINE: This is a randomized, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to relapse risk (high vs intermediate vs low). Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms. Patients with Down syndrome are nonrandomly assigned to arm I (but do not undergo allogeneic stem cell transplant [SCT]).
- Arm I (standard therapy):
- Induction 1: Patients receive cytarabine IT at the time of diagnosis or on day 1*. Patients also receive cytarabine IV on days 1-10, daunorubicin hydrochloride IV over 6 hours on days 1, 3, and 5, and etoposide IV over 4 hours on days 1-5. After 3 weeks of rest, all patients (regardless of remission status) proceed to induction 2.
NOTE: *Patients with Central Nervous System (CNS) disease receive cytarabine IT twice weekly until the cerebrospinal fluid is clear, followed by two additional IT treatments. Patients with refractory CNS leukemia after 6 doses of IT treatment are removed from the study.
- Induction 2: Patients receive cytarabine IT on day 1, cytarabine IV on days 1-8, daunorubicin hydrochloride IV over 6 hours on days 1, 3, and 5, and etoposide IV over 4 hours on days 1-5. After 3 weeks of rest, patients in complete remission (CR) proceed to intensification 1. Patients with refractory disease are removed from protocol therapy.
- Intensification 1: Patients receive cytarabine IT on day 1, high-dose cytarabine IV over 1 hour on days 1-5, and etoposide IV over 1 hour on days 1-5. After 3 weeks of rest, patients in remission proceed to intensification 2, followed by intensification 3. Patients in remission proceed to allogeneic SCT 2-8 weeks after blood counts recover. Patients with high-risk disease with an alternative donor proceed to intensification 2 and 3, followed by allogeneic SCT. Patients not in remission are removed from protocol therapy.
- Intensification 2: Patients receive cytarabine IT on day 1, high-dose cytarabine IV over 2 hours on days 1-4, and mitoxantrone hydrochloride IV over 1 hour on days 3-6. After 3 weeks of rest, patients proceed to intensification 3.
- Intensification 3: Patients receive high-dose cytarabine IV over 3 hours on days 1, 2, 8, and 9 and asparaginase intramuscularly on days 2 and 9.
- Arm II:
- Induction 1: Patients receive treatment as in induction 1 of arm I. Patients also receive gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GMTZ) IV over 2 hours on day 6.
- Induction 2: Patients receive treatment as in induction 2 of arm I.
- Intensification 1: Patients receive treatment as in intensification 1 of arm I.
- Intensification 2: Patients receive treatment as in intensification 2 of arm I. Patients also receive GMTZ IV over 2 hours on day 7.
- Intensification 3: Patients receive treatment as in intensification 3 of arm I.
- Allogeneic SCT (for patients with intermediate- or high-risk disease):
- MFD: Patients receive a conditioning regimen comprising busulfan IV over 2 hours every 6 hours on days -9 to -6 and cyclophosphamide IV over 1 hour on days -5 to -2. Patients undergo allogeneic SCT on day 0. Patients receive cyclosporine IV or orally twice daily on days -1 to 180 and methotrexate IV on days 1, 3, 6, and 11. Patients receive graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis comprising cyclosporine IV over 1-4 hours or orally twice daily on days -1 to 180 and methotrexate IV on days 1, 3, 6, and 11.
- Matched alternative donor: Patients receive a conditioning regimen comprising busulfan and cyclophosphamide as above. Patients also receive antithymocyte globulin IV over 6-8 hours on days -3 to -1. Patients then undergo allogeneic SCT and receive GVHD prophylaxis as above.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed periodically for 3 years and then annually thereafter.
PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 1,012 patients will be accrued for this study.
- Conditions
- Leukemia
- Being tested
- asparaginase, cytarabine, daunorubicin hydrochloride, etoposide, gemtuzumab ozogamicin
- Keywords
- adult acute myeloid leukemia with 11q23 (MLL) abnormalities, adult acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16)(p13;q22), adult acute myeloid leukemia with t(16;16)(p13;q22), adult acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21)(q22;q22), untreated adult acute myeloid leukemia, untreated childhood acute myeloid leukemia and other myeloid malignancies, adult acute basophilic leukemia, adult acute eosinophilic leukemia, adult acute minimally differentiated myeloid leukemia (M0), adult acute myeloblastic leukemia without maturation (M1), adult acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation (M2), adult acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4), adult acute monoblastic leukemia (M5a), adult acute monocytic leukemia (M5b), adult erythroleukemia (M6a), adult pure erythroid leukemia (M6b), adult acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7), childhood acute basophilic leukemia, childhood acute eosinophilic leukemia, childhood acute minimally differentiated myeloid leukemia (M0)
- Medical subject headings
- Leukemia, Congenital Abnormalities, Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute, Leukemia, Eosinophilic, Acute, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute, Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute, Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
asparaginaseDrug
Also called E.coli, E.coli L-asparaginase, EC 3.5.2.2, colaspase
Given intramuscularly
cytarabineDrug
Also called Cytosine arabinoside, Ara-C, Cytosar, NSC # 63878
Given IV
daunorubicin hydrochlorideDrug
Also called Daunomycin, rubidomycin, Cerubidine, NSC #82151
Given IV over 6 hours
etoposideDrug
Also called VePesid, Etopophos, VP-16, NSC #141540
Given IV over 1-4 hours
gemtuzumab ozogamicinDrug
Also called Mylotarg, GMTZ
Given IV over 2 hours
mitoxantrone hydrochlorideDrug
Also called Novantrone, CL 232315, DAD, DHAD
Given IV over 1 hour
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A: Standard Arm - No GMTZ, AML Pts w/out Down Syndrome | Active comparator | Patients receive intrathecal (IT) cytarabine (ARA-C) at diagnosis or on day 1 of treatment or twice a week for up to 6 doses. They also receive an infusion of ARA-C on days 1-10; a 6-hour infusion of daunorubicin hydrochloride on days 1, 3, and 5; and a 4-hr infusion of etoposide on days 1-5.
After 3 weeks of rest, patients receive IT ARA-C on day 1. They also receive an infusion of ARA-C on days 1-8; a 6-hr infusion of daunorubicin on days 1, 3, and 5; and a 4-hr infusion of etoposide on days 1-5.
After 3 weeks of rest, some patients receive IT ARA-C on day 1 and 1-hr infusions of ARA-C and etoposide on days 1-5.
After 3 weeks of rest, some patients receive IT ARA-C on day 1; a 2-hr infusion of ARA-C on days 1-4; and a 1-hour infusion of mitoxantrone on days 3-6. After 3 weeks of rest, they receive a 3-hr infusion of ARA-C on days 1, 2, 8, and 9 and an injection of asparaginase on days 2 and 9. Receives: Drug: asparaginase; Drug: cytarabine; Drug: daunorubicin hydrochloride; Drug: etoposide; Drug: mitoxantrone hydrochloride |
| Arm B: Experimental - with GMTZ, AML Pts w/out Down Syndrome | Experimental | Pts receive IT ARA-C at diagnosis or on day 1 of treatment or twice a week for up to six doses. They also receive an infusion of ARA-C on days 1-10; a 6-hr infusion of daunorubicin on days 1, 3, \& 5; a 4-hr infusion of etoposide on days 1-5; and a 2-hr infusion of GMTZ - gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) on day 6. After 3 wks of rest, patients receive IT ARA-C on day 1. They also receive an infusion of ARA-C on days 1-8; a 6-hr infusion of daunorubicin on days 1, 3, and 5; and a 4-hr infusion of etoposide on days 1-5. After 3 weeks of rest, some patients receive IT ARA-C on day 1 and 1-hr infusions of ARA-C and etoposide on days 1-5. After 3 wks of rest, some patients receive IT ARA-C on day 1; a 2-hr infusion of ARA-C on days 1-4; and a 1-hr infusion of mitoxantrone hydrochloride on days 3-6. They also receive a 2-hr infusion of gemtuzumab on day 7. After 3 weeks of rest, they receive a 3-hr infusion of ARA-C on days 1, 2, 8, and 9 and an injection of asparaginase on days 2 and 9. Receives: Drug: asparaginase; Drug: cytarabine; Drug: daunorubicin hydrochloride; Drug: etoposide; Drug: gemtuzumab ozogamicin; Drug: mitoxantrone hydrochloride |
| Arm A: Standard Arm - No GMTZ, AML Patients with Down Syndrome | Active comparator | Patients receive intrathecal (IT) cytarabine (ARA-C) at diagnosis or on day 1 of treatment or twice a week for up to 6 doses. They also receive an infusion of ARA-C on days 1-10; a 6-hour infusion of daunorubicin hydrochloride on days 1, 3, and 5; and a 4-hr infusion of etoposide on days 1-5.
After 3 weeks of rest, patients receive IT ARA-C on day 1. They also receive an infusion of ARA-C on days 1-8; a 6-hr infusion of daunorubicin on days 1, 3, and 5; and a 4-hr infusion of etoposide on days 1-5.
After 3 weeks of rest, some patients receive IT ARA-C on day 1 and 1-hr infusions of ARA-C and etoposide on days 1-5.
After 3 weeks of rest, some patients receive IT ARA-C on day 1; a 2-hr infusion of ARA-C on days 1-4; and a 1-hour infusion of mitoxantrone on days 3-6. After 3 weeks of rest, they receive a 3-hr infusion of ARA-C on days 1, 2, 8, and 9 and an injection of asparaginase on days 2 and 9. Receives: Drug: asparaginase; Drug: cytarabine; Drug: daunorubicin hydrochloride; Drug: etoposide; Drug: mitoxantrone hydrochloride |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Event-free Survival at 3 Years
The Kaplan-Meier method will be used to calculate estimates of Event Free Survival (EFS). The log-rank test will be used to compare survival between treatment groups. Analysis of EFS of Down syndrome patients will be performed separately. Monitoring for efficacy of GMTZ with respect to Overall Survival (OS) and EFS will utilize monitoring based on the Lan-DeMets criterion with α-spending function αt^2 (truncated at 3 standard deviations) and 2.5% type I error.
Measured: Time from study entry to time of induction failure, relapse, or death, assessed at 3 years
Overall Survival at 3 Years
The Kaplan-Meier method will be used to calculate estimates of OS. Analysis of OS of Down syndrome patients will be performed separately. Monitoring for efficacy of GMTZ with respect to OS and EFS will utilize monitoring based on the Lan-DeMets criterion with α-spending function αt^2 (truncated at 3 standard deviations) and 2.5% type I error.
Measured: Time from study entry, assessed at 3 years
Secondary outcomes (5)
Remission Induction Rate After 2 Courses of Induction Therapy
Patients without an evaluable bone marrow at the end of Induction I will be excluded from the calculation of remission rate after 2 courses of therapy because their responses are not evaluable. The following patients will be considered to not be in complete remission (CR) after 2 courses of therapy: (1) patients who die during Induction I and II; (2) patients with ≥ 5% blasts or extramedullary disease at the end of Induction II.
Measured: After 2 courses of induction (I and II) therapy, assessed for up to 10 years
Disease-free Survival (DFS)
Time from end of Intensification I to relapse, death or last contact
Measured: At 3 years from end of Intensification I
Mortality
Number of participants who died during the first three courses of therapy.
Measured: During the first three courses of therapy
Time to Marrow Recovery
Mean time to ANC recovery - defined as ANC greater than 500/MicroLiter for 3 consecutive days.
Measured: At 25 days after treatment with Induction I, Induction II, and Intensification I
Toxicities, Including Infectious Complications
Number of participants with at least one grade 3 or higher adverse event during therapy.
Measured: From the time therapy is initiated, assessed up to 10 years
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Sep 2006 (estimated)
- Study startAug 2006
- Primary completionAug 2013
- Study completion30 Sep 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for LeukemiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Children's Oncology GroupThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 1,070 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Children's Oncology Group
- Sponsor type
- Research network
- Collaborators
- National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Alan S. Gamis, MD, MPH, Study chair, Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas CityRichard Aplenc, MD, MSCE, Study chair, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00372593
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AAML0531
- Other IDs
- COG-AAML0531, CDR0000487497, NCI-2009-00320
- Status last verified
- Feb 2017
- First submitted
- 6 Sep 2006
- Last updated
- 24 Mar 2021
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Pollard JA, Alonzo TA, Loken M, Gerbing RB, Ho PA, Bernstein ID, Raimondi SC, Hirsch B, Franklin J, Walter RB, Gamis A, Meshinchi S. Correlation of CD33 expression level with disease characteristics and response to gemtuzumab ozogamicin containing chemotherapy in childhood AML. Blood. 2012 Apr 19;119(16):3705-11. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-12-398370. Epub 2012 Feb 29.
PubMed 22378848Gamis AS, Alonzo TA, Meshinchi S, Sung L, Gerbing RB, Raimondi SC, Hirsch BA, Kahwash SB, Heerema-McKenney A, Winter L, Glick K, Davies SM, Byron P, Smith FO, Aplenc R. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin in children and adolescents with de novo acute myeloid leukemia improves event-free survival by reducing relapse risk: results from the randomized phase III Children's Oncology Group trial AAML0531. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Sep 20;32(27):3021-32. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.55.3628.
PubMed 25092781Scheidegger N, Schneider C, Alexe G, Wang YC, Alonzo TA, Basanthakumar A, Bourgeois WA, Dudkiewicz-Garbicz J, Khalid D, Merickel LA, Perry JA, Ries RE, Salhotra S, Taillon A, Gamis A, Aplenc R, Harris MH, Wunderlich M, Armstrong SA, Pollard JA, Meshinchi S, Pikman Y, Stegmaier K. Combining menin and MEK inhibition to target poor prognosis KMT2A-rearranged RAS pathway-mutant acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv. 2026 Jul 14;10(13):4757-4771. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2025016208.
PubMed 42085603Huang BJ, Meyer LK, Alonzo TA, Wang YC, Lamble AJ, Ries RE, Wang W, Hirsch B, Raca G, Ma X, Gamis AS, Aplenc R, Kolb EA, Cooper TM, Tarlock K, Loken MR, Meshinchi S, Chewning JH, Woods WG, Horan JT. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Outcomes for High-Risk AML: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2025 Jun 10;43(17):1961-1971. doi: 10.1200/JCO-24-01841. Epub 2025 Apr 28.
PubMed 40294366Tarlock K, Gerbing RB, Ries RE, Smith JL, Leonti A, Huang BJ, Kirkey D, Robinson L, Peplinski JH, Lange B, Cooper TM, Gamis AS, Kolb EA, Aplenc R, Pollard JA, Alonzo TA, Meshinchi S. Prognostic impact of cooccurring mutations in FLT3-ITD pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv. 2024 May 14;8(9):2094-2103. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011980.
PubMed 38295280Zarnegar-Lumley S, Alonzo TA, Gerbing RB, Othus M, Sun Z, Ries RE, Wang J, Leonti A, Kutny MA, Ostronoff F, Radich JP, Appelbaum FR, Pogosova-Agadjanyan EL, O'Dwyer K, Tallman MS, Litzow M, Atallah E, Cooper TM, Aplenc RA, Abdel-Wahab O, Gamis AS, Luger S, Erba H, Levine R, Kolb EA, Stirewalt DL, Meshinchi S, Tarlock K. Characteristics and prognostic impact of IDH mutations in AML: a COG, SWOG, and ECOG analysis. Blood Adv. 2023 Oct 10;7(19):5941-5953. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008282.
PubMed 37267439Bertrums EJM, Smith JL, Harmon L, Ries RE, Wang YJ, Alonzo TA, Menssen AJ, Chisholm KM, Leonti AR, Tarlock K, Ostronoff F, Pogosova-Agadjanyan EL, Kaspers GJL, Hasle H, Dworzak M, Walter C, Muhlegger N, Morerio C, Pardo L, Hirsch B, Raimondi S, Cooper TM, Aplenc R, Gamis AS, Kolb EA, Farrar JE, Stirewalt D, Ma X, Shaw TI, Furlan SN, Brodersen LE, Loken MR, Van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Zwaan CM, Triche TJ, Goemans BF, Meshinchi S. Comprehensive molecular and clinical characterization of NUP98 fusions in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica. 2023 Aug 1;108(8):2044-2058. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281653.
PubMed 36815378Elgarten CW, Wood AC, Li Y, Alonzo TA, Brodersen LE, Gerbing RB, Getz KD, Huang YV, Loken M, Meshinchi S, Pollard JA, Sung L, Woods WG, Kolb EA, Gamis AS, Aplenc R. Outcomes of intensification of induction chemotherapy for children with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia: A report from the Children's Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021 Dec;68(12):e29281. doi: 10.1002/pbc.29281. Epub 2021 Oct 1.
PubMed 34596937Brodersen LE, Gerbing RB, Pardo ML, Alonzo TA, Paine D, Fritschle W, Hsu FC, Pollard JA, Aplenc R, Kahwash SB, Hirsch B, Ramondi S, Wells D, Kolb EA, Gamis AS, Meshinchi S, Loken MR. Morphologic remission status is limited compared to DeltaN flow cytometry: a Children's Oncology Group AAML0531 report. Blood Adv. 2020 Oct 27;4(20):5050-5061. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002070.
PubMed 33080007Voigt AP, Brodersen LE, Alonzo TA, Gerbing RB, Menssen AJ, Wilson ER, Kahwash S, Raimondi SC, Hirsch BA, Gamis AS, Meshinchi S, Wells DA, Loken MR. Phenotype in combination with genotype improves outcome prediction in acute myeloid leukemia: a report from Children's Oncology Group protocol AAML0531. Haematologica. 2017 Dec;102(12):2058-2068. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2017.169029. Epub 2017 Sep 7.
PubMed 28883080Eidenschink Brodersen L, Alonzo TA, Menssen AJ, Gerbing RB, Pardo L, Voigt AP, Kahwash SB, Hirsch B, Raimondi S, Gamis AS, Meshinchi S, Loken MR. A recurrent immunophenotype at diagnosis independently identifies high-risk pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: a report from Children's Oncology Group. Leukemia. 2016 Oct;30(10):2077-2080. doi: 10.1038/leu.2016.119. Epub 2016 May 2. No abstract available.
PubMed 27133823Sung L, Aplenc R, Alonzo TA, Gerbing RB, Lehrnbecher T, Gamis AS. Effectiveness of supportive care measures to reduce infections in pediatric AML: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Blood. 2013 May 2;121(18):3573-7. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-01-476614. Epub 2013 Mar 7.
PubMed 23471307
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Mar 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Phase III Randomized Trial of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (Mylotarg) Combined With Conventional Chemotherapy for De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00372593
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AAML0531
- Conditions
- Leukemia
- Keywords
- adult acute myeloid leukemia with 11q23 (MLL) abnormalities, adult acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16)(p13;q22), adult acute myeloid leukemia with t(16;16)(p13;q22), adult acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21)(q22;q22), untreated adult acute myeloid leukemia, untreated childhood acute myeloid leukemia and other myeloid malignancies, adult acute basophilic leukemia, adult acute eosinophilic leukemia
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 1,070 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Children's Oncology GroupResearch network
- Collaborators
- National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Study start
- Aug 2006
- Primary completion
- Aug 2013 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Sep 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 7 Sep 2006 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 13 Jan 2015
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Monoclonal antibodies, such as gemtuzumab, can block cancer growth in different ways. Some block the ability of cancer cells to grow and spread. Others find cancer cells and help kill them or carry cancer-killing substances to them. Giving combination chemotherapy together with gemtuzumab may kill more cancer cells. It is not yet known whether combination chemotherapy is more effective with or without gemtuzumab in treating patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia.
PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial is studying combination chemotherapy and gemtuzumab to see how well they work compared with combination chemotherapy alone in treating young patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia.
Detailed description
OBJECTIVES:
Primary
- Compare the event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) of young patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with conventional combination chemotherapy with vs without gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GMTZ).
Secondary
- Compare the remission induction rates after two courses of therapy in these patients.
- Compare disease-free survival and OS in patients who are eligible for an human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched family donor (MFD) stem cell transplant (SCT) by virtue of their risk classification, with patients assigned to MFD SCT if a MFD is available, or to chemotherapy if a MFD is not available.
- Determine the outcome of patients with Down syndrome who are 4 years of age or older at diagnosis and treated with conventional combination chemotherapy without GMTZ.
- Compare the EFS and OS of patients with de novo AML treated with conventional combination chemotherapy with vs without GMTZ censoring MFD SCT recipients.
- Determine the prevalence and prognostic significance of molecular abnormalities of KIT, CCAAT-enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPα) and MLL-Partial tandem duplications (PTD) genes in these patients.
- Determine the leukemic involvement of hematopoietic early progenitor and its role in defining response to therapy.
- Assess the ability of a second-generation flow cytometric assay to predict patients at high risk for relapse during periods of clinical remission.
- Examine whether GMTZ significantly improves EFS and OS in patients with higher CD33 concentrations/intensity.
- Examine whether GMTZ significantly improves complete remission, EFS, and OS in each of the cytogenetic risk groups (high-, intermediate-, and low-risk) identified in prior Medical Research Council trials.
- Utilize fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis to identify variant patterns among subgroups of patients who demonstrate the same G-banded chromosomal abnormality (e.g., inv[16]/t[16;16], t[8;21], 11q23 abnormality) and determine whether these variant patterns account for the heterogeneity of responses to therapy.
- Examine the impact of complex karyotypes (≥ 3, ≥ 4, and ≥ 5 abnormalities) on OS and EFS in intermediate-risk patients for whom no high-risk or low-risk cytogenetic abnormalities exist.
OUTLINE: This is a randomized, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to relapse risk (high vs intermediate vs low). Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms. Patients with Down syndrome are nonrandomly assigned to arm I (but do not undergo allogeneic stem cell transplant [SCT]).
- Arm I (standard therapy):
- Induction 1: Patients receive cytarabine IT at the time of diagnosis or on day 1*. Patients also receive cytarabine IV on days 1-10, daunorubicin hydrochloride IV over 6 hours on days 1, 3, and 5, and etoposide IV over 4 hours on days 1-5. After 3 weeks of rest, all patients (regardless of remission status) proceed to induction 2.
NOTE: *Patients with Central Nervous System (CNS) disease receive cytarabine IT twice weekly until the cerebrospinal fluid is clear, followed by two additional IT treatments. Patients with refractory CNS leukemia after 6 doses of IT treatment are removed from the study.
- Induction 2: Patients receive cytarabine IT on day 1, cytarabine IV on days 1-8, daunorubicin hydrochloride IV over 6 hours on days 1, 3, and 5, and etoposide IV over 4 hours on days 1-5. After 3 weeks of rest, patients in complete remission (CR) proceed to intensification 1. Patients with refractory disease are removed from protocol therapy.
- Intensification 1: Patients receive cytarabine IT on day 1, high-dose cytarabine IV over 1 hour on days 1-5, and etoposide IV over 1 hour on days 1-5. After 3 weeks of rest, patients in remission proceed to intensification 2, followed by intensification 3. Patients in remission proceed to allogeneic SCT 2-8 weeks after blood counts recover. Patients with high-risk disease with an alternative donor proceed to intensification 2 and 3, followed by allogeneic SCT. Patients not in remission are removed from protocol therapy.
- Intensification 2: Patients receive cytarabine IT on day 1, high-dose cytarabine IV over 2 hours on days 1-4, and mitoxantrone hydrochloride IV over 1 hour on days 3-6. After 3 weeks of rest, patients proceed to intensification 3.
- Intensification 3: Patients receive high-dose cytarabine IV over 3 hours on days 1, 2, 8, and 9 and asparaginase intramuscularly on days 2 and 9.
- Arm II:
- Induction 1: Patients receive treatment as in induction 1 of arm I. Patients also receive gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GMTZ) IV over 2 hours on day 6.
- Induction 2: Patients receive treatment as in induction 2 of arm I.
- Intensification 1: Patients receive treatment as in intensification 1 of arm I.
- Intensification 2: Patients receive treatment as in intensification 2 of arm I. Patients also receive GMTZ IV over 2 hours on day 7.
- Intensification 3: Patients receive treatment as in intensification 3 of arm I.
- Allogeneic SCT (for patients with intermediate- or high-risk disease):
- MFD: Patients receive a conditioning regimen comprising busulfan IV over 2 hours every 6 hours on days -9 to -6 and cyclophosphamide IV over 1 hour on days -5 to -2. Patients undergo allogeneic SCT on day 0. Patients receive cyclosporine IV or orally twice daily on days -1 to 180 and methotrexate IV on days 1, 3, 6, and 11. Patients receive graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis comprising cyclosporine IV over 1-4 hours or orally twice daily on days -1 to 180 and methotrexate IV on days 1, 3, 6, and 11.
- Matched alternative donor: Patients receive a conditioning regimen comprising busulfan and cyclophosphamide as above. Patients also receive antithymocyte globulin IV over 6-8 hours on days -3 to -1. Patients then undergo allogeneic SCT and receive GVHD prophylaxis as above.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed periodically for 3 years and then annually thereafter.
PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 1,012 patients will be accrued for this study.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A: Standard Arm - No GMTZ, AML Pts w/out Down Syndrome | Active comparator | Drug: asparaginase, Drug: cytarabine, Drug: daunorubicin hydrochloride, Drug: etoposide, Drug: mitoxantrone hydrochloridePatients receive intrathecal (IT) cytarabine (ARA-C) at diagnosis or on day 1 of treatment or twice a week for up to 6 doses. They also receive an infusion of ARA-C on days 1-10; a 6-hour infusion of daunorubicin hydrochloride on days 1, 3, and 5; and a 4-hr infusion of etoposide on days 1-5. After 3 weeks of rest, patients receive IT ARA-C on day 1. They also receive an infusion of ARA-C on days 1-8; a 6-hr infusion of daunorubicin on days 1, 3, and 5; and a 4-hr infusion of etoposide on days 1-5. After 3 weeks of rest, some patients receive IT ARA-C on day 1 and 1-hr infusions of ARA-C and etoposide on days 1-5. After 3 weeks of rest, some patients receive IT ARA-C on day 1; a 2-hr infusion of ARA-C on days 1-4; and a 1-hour infusion of mitoxantrone on days 3-6. After 3 weeks of rest, they receive a 3-hr infusion of ARA-C on days 1, 2, 8, and 9 and an injection of asparaginase on days 2 and 9. |
| Arm B: Experimental - with GMTZ, AML Pts w/out Down Syndrome | Experimental | Drug: asparaginase, Drug: cytarabine, Drug: daunorubicin hydrochloride, Drug: etoposide, Drug: gemtuzumab ozogamicin, Drug: mitoxantrone hydrochloridePts receive IT ARA-C at diagnosis or on day 1 of treatment or twice a week for up to six doses. They also receive an infusion of ARA-C on days 1-10; a 6-hr infusion of daunorubicin on days 1, 3, \& 5; a 4-hr infusion of etoposide on days 1-5; and a 2-hr infusion of GMTZ - gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) on day 6. After 3 wks of rest, patients receive IT ARA-C on day 1. They also receive an infusion of ARA-C on days 1-8; a 6-hr infusion of daunorubicin on days 1, 3, and 5; and a 4-hr infusion of etoposide on days 1-5. After 3 weeks of rest, some patients receive IT ARA-C on day 1 and 1-hr infusions of ARA-C and etoposide on days 1-5. After 3 wks of rest, some patients receive IT ARA-C on day 1; a 2-hr infusion of ARA-C on days 1-4; and a 1-hr infusion of mitoxantrone hydrochloride on days 3-6. They also receive a 2-hr infusion of gemtuzumab on day 7. After 3 weeks of rest, they receive a 3-hr infusion of ARA-C on days 1, 2, 8, and 9 and an injection of asparaginase on days 2 and 9. |
| Arm A: Standard Arm - No GMTZ, AML Patients with Down Syndrome | Active comparator | Drug: asparaginase, Drug: cytarabine, Drug: daunorubicin hydrochloride, Drug: etoposide, Drug: mitoxantrone hydrochloridePatients receive intrathecal (IT) cytarabine (ARA-C) at diagnosis or on day 1 of treatment or twice a week for up to 6 doses. They also receive an infusion of ARA-C on days 1-10; a 6-hour infusion of daunorubicin hydrochloride on days 1, 3, and 5; and a 4-hr infusion of etoposide on days 1-5. After 3 weeks of rest, patients receive IT ARA-C on day 1. They also receive an infusion of ARA-C on days 1-8; a 6-hr infusion of daunorubicin on days 1, 3, and 5; and a 4-hr infusion of etoposide on days 1-5. After 3 weeks of rest, some patients receive IT ARA-C on day 1 and 1-hr infusions of ARA-C and etoposide on days 1-5. After 3 weeks of rest, some patients receive IT ARA-C on day 1; a 2-hr infusion of ARA-C on days 1-4; and a 1-hour infusion of mitoxantrone on days 3-6. After 3 weeks of rest, they receive a 3-hr infusion of ARA-C on days 1, 2, 8, and 9 and an injection of asparaginase on days 2 and 9. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- Up to 29 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| asparaginaseAlso: E.coli, E.coli L-asparaginase, EC 3.5.2.2, colaspaseGiven intramuscularly | Drug | Arm A: Standard Arm - No GMTZ, AML Patients with Down Syndrome, Arm A: Standard Arm - No GMTZ, AML Pts w/out Down Syndrome, Arm B: Experimental - with GMTZ, AML Pts w/out Down Syndrome |
| cytarabineAlso: Cytosine arabinoside, Ara-C, Cytosar, NSC # 63878Given IV | Drug | Arm A: Standard Arm - No GMTZ, AML Patients with Down Syndrome, Arm A: Standard Arm - No GMTZ, AML Pts w/out Down Syndrome, Arm B: Experimental - with GMTZ, AML Pts w/out Down Syndrome |
| daunorubicin hydrochlorideAlso: Daunomycin, rubidomycin, Cerubidine, NSC #82151Given IV over 6 hours | Drug | Arm A: Standard Arm - No GMTZ, AML Patients with Down Syndrome, Arm A: Standard Arm - No GMTZ, AML Pts w/out Down Syndrome, Arm B: Experimental - with GMTZ, AML Pts w/out Down Syndrome |
| etoposideAlso: VePesid, Etopophos, VP-16, NSC #141540Given IV over 1-4 hours | Drug | Arm A: Standard Arm - No GMTZ, AML Patients with Down Syndrome, Arm A: Standard Arm - No GMTZ, AML Pts w/out Down Syndrome, Arm B: Experimental - with GMTZ, AML Pts w/out Down Syndrome |
| gemtuzumab ozogamicinAlso: Mylotarg, GMTZGiven IV over 2 hours | Drug | Arm B: Experimental - with GMTZ, AML Pts w/out Down Syndrome |
| mitoxantrone hydrochlorideAlso: Novantrone, CL 232315, DAD, DHADGiven IV over 1 hour | Drug | Arm A: Standard Arm - No GMTZ, AML Patients with Down Syndrome, Arm A: Standard Arm - No GMTZ, AML Pts w/out Down Syndrome, Arm B: Experimental - with GMTZ, AML Pts w/out Down Syndrome |
Primary outcome
Event-free Survival at 3 Years
Time frame: Time from study entry to time of induction failure, relapse, or death, assessed at 3 years
The Kaplan-Meier method will be used to calculate estimates of Event Free Survival (EFS). The log-rank test will be used to compare survival between treatment groups. Analysis of EFS of Down syndrome patients will be performed separately. Monitoring for efficacy of GMTZ with respect to Overall Survival (OS) and EFS will utilize monitoring based on the Lan-DeMets criterion with α-spending function αt^2 (truncated at 3 standard deviations) and 2.5% type I error.
Overall Survival at 3 Years
Time frame: Time from study entry, assessed at 3 years
The Kaplan-Meier method will be used to calculate estimates of OS. Analysis of OS of Down syndrome patients will be performed separately. Monitoring for efficacy of GMTZ with respect to OS and EFS will utilize monitoring based on the Lan-DeMets criterion with α-spending function αt^2 (truncated at 3 standard deviations) and 2.5% type I error.
5 secondary outcomes
Remission Induction Rate After 2 Courses of Induction Therapy
Time frame: After 2 courses of induction (I and II) therapy, assessed for up to 10 years
Disease-free Survival (DFS)
Time frame: At 3 years from end of Intensification I
Mortality
Time frame: During the first three courses of therapy
Time to Marrow Recovery
Time frame: At 25 days after treatment with Induction I, Induction II, and Intensification I
Toxicities, Including Infectious Complications
Time frame: From the time therapy is initiated, assessed up to 10 years
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Mar 2021.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 22378848Pollard JA, Alonzo TA, Loken M, Gerbing RB, Ho PA, Bernstein ID, Raimondi SC, Hirsch B, Franklin J, Walter RB, Gamis A, Meshinchi S. Correlation of CD33 expression level with disease characteristics and response to gemtuzumab ozogamicin containing chemotherapy in childhood AML. Blood. 2012 Apr 19;119(16):3705-11. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-12-398370. Epub 2012 Feb 29.
- Results publication: PubMed 25092781Gamis AS, Alonzo TA, Meshinchi S, Sung L, Gerbing RB, Raimondi SC, Hirsch BA, Kahwash SB, Heerema-McKenney A, Winter L, Glick K, Davies SM, Byron P, Smith FO, Aplenc R. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin in children and adolescents with de novo acute myeloid leukemia improves event-free survival by reducing relapse risk: results from the randomized phase III Children's Oncology Group trial AAML0531. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Sep 20;32(27):3021-32. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.55.3628.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42085603Scheidegger N, Schneider C, Alexe G, Wang YC, Alonzo TA, Basanthakumar A, Bourgeois WA, Dudkiewicz-Garbicz J, Khalid D, Merickel LA, Perry JA, Ries RE, Salhotra S, Taillon A, Gamis A, Aplenc R, Harris MH, Wunderlich M, Armstrong SA, Pollard JA, Meshinchi S, Pikman Y, Stegmaier K. Combining menin and MEK inhibition to target poor prognosis KMT2A-rearranged RAS pathway-mutant acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv. 2026 Jul 14;10(13):4757-4771. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2025016208.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 40294366Huang BJ, Meyer LK, Alonzo TA, Wang YC, Lamble AJ, Ries RE, Wang W, Hirsch B, Raca G, Ma X, Gamis AS, Aplenc R, Kolb EA, Cooper TM, Tarlock K, Loken MR, Meshinchi S, Chewning JH, Woods WG, Horan JT. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Outcomes for High-Risk AML: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2025 Jun 10;43(17):1961-1971. doi: 10.1200/JCO-24-01841. Epub 2025 Apr 28.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 38295280Tarlock K, Gerbing RB, Ries RE, Smith JL, Leonti A, Huang BJ, Kirkey D, Robinson L, Peplinski JH, Lange B, Cooper TM, Gamis AS, Kolb EA, Aplenc R, Pollard JA, Alonzo TA, Meshinchi S. Prognostic impact of cooccurring mutations in FLT3-ITD pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv. 2024 May 14;8(9):2094-2103. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011980.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 37267439Zarnegar-Lumley S, Alonzo TA, Gerbing RB, Othus M, Sun Z, Ries RE, Wang J, Leonti A, Kutny MA, Ostronoff F, Radich JP, Appelbaum FR, Pogosova-Agadjanyan EL, O'Dwyer K, Tallman MS, Litzow M, Atallah E, Cooper TM, Aplenc RA, Abdel-Wahab O, Gamis AS, Luger S, Erba H, Levine R, Kolb EA, Stirewalt DL, Meshinchi S, Tarlock K. Characteristics and prognostic impact of IDH mutations in AML: a COG, SWOG, and ECOG analysis. Blood Adv. 2023 Oct 10;7(19):5941-5953. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008282.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 36815378Bertrums EJM, Smith JL, Harmon L, Ries RE, Wang YJ, Alonzo TA, Menssen AJ, Chisholm KM, Leonti AR, Tarlock K, Ostronoff F, Pogosova-Agadjanyan EL, Kaspers GJL, Hasle H, Dworzak M, Walter C, Muhlegger N, Morerio C, Pardo L, Hirsch B, Raimondi S, Cooper TM, Aplenc R, Gamis AS, Kolb EA, Farrar JE, Stirewalt D, Ma X, Shaw TI, Furlan SN, Brodersen LE, Loken MR, Van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Zwaan CM, Triche TJ, Goemans BF, Meshinchi S. Comprehensive molecular and clinical characterization of NUP98 fusions in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica. 2023 Aug 1;108(8):2044-2058. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281653.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 34596937Elgarten CW, Wood AC, Li Y, Alonzo TA, Brodersen LE, Gerbing RB, Getz KD, Huang YV, Loken M, Meshinchi S, Pollard JA, Sung L, Woods WG, Kolb EA, Gamis AS, Aplenc R. Outcomes of intensification of induction chemotherapy for children with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia: A report from the Children's Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021 Dec;68(12):e29281. doi: 10.1002/pbc.29281. Epub 2021 Oct 1.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 33080007Brodersen LE, Gerbing RB, Pardo ML, Alonzo TA, Paine D, Fritschle W, Hsu FC, Pollard JA, Aplenc R, Kahwash SB, Hirsch B, Ramondi S, Wells D, Kolb EA, Gamis AS, Meshinchi S, Loken MR. Morphologic remission status is limited compared to DeltaN flow cytometry: a Children's Oncology Group AAML0531 report. Blood Adv. 2020 Oct 27;4(20):5050-5061. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002070.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28883080Voigt AP, Brodersen LE, Alonzo TA, Gerbing RB, Menssen AJ, Wilson ER, Kahwash S, Raimondi SC, Hirsch BA, Gamis AS, Meshinchi S, Wells DA, Loken MR. Phenotype in combination with genotype improves outcome prediction in acute myeloid leukemia: a report from Children's Oncology Group protocol AAML0531. Haematologica. 2017 Dec;102(12):2058-2068. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2017.169029. Epub 2017 Sep 7.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 27133823Eidenschink Brodersen L, Alonzo TA, Menssen AJ, Gerbing RB, Pardo L, Voigt AP, Kahwash SB, Hirsch B, Raimondi S, Gamis AS, Meshinchi S, Loken MR. A recurrent immunophenotype at diagnosis independently identifies high-risk pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: a report from Children's Oncology Group. Leukemia. 2016 Oct;30(10):2077-2080. doi: 10.1038/leu.2016.119. Epub 2016 May 2. No abstract available.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 23471307Sung L, Aplenc R, Alonzo TA, Gerbing RB, Lehrnbecher T, Gamis AS. Effectiveness of supportive care measures to reduce infections in pediatric AML: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Blood. 2013 May 2;121(18):3573-7. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-01-476614. Epub 2013 Mar 7.
- Data Available: Select individual patient-level data from this trial can be requested from the NCTN/NCORP Data ArchiveLink provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Alan S. Gamis, MD, MPH study chair
Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas City
Richard Aplenc, MD, MSCE study chair
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
198 sites in 6 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 3 study testing asparaginase, cytarabine and daunorubicin hydrochloride in people with Leukemia, run by Children's Oncology Group at 198 sites in 6 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Mar 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 198 sites in United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Switzerland and 1 more country. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 13 Jan 2015). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Event-free Survival at 3 Years (time frame: Time from study entry to time of induction failure, relapse, or death, assessed at 3 years). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00372593, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Mar 2021.