InflammationEarly Phase 1NCT00339469
Effect of High-Legume Diet on Colorectal Cancer Risk
A Early Phase 1 study testing LIFE in people with Inflammation and Prevention and Control, run by National Cancer Institute (NCI) at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and Penn State University, will examine how a diet high in legumes (dried beans) influences risk factors for colon cancer and polyps. Many scientists believe that colon and rectal cancers develop from polyps (tumors of the lining of the large bowel). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 35 to 75 years, men only
- Conditions the study is for
- Inflammation, Prevention and Control, Colonic Neoplasms
- What is being tested?
- LIFE
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 65 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 3 Aug 2005to 13 Feb 2018
- Phase
- Early Phase 1
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 35 to 75 years
- Men only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Subjects are between 35-75 years old.
- Subjects are male.
- Subjects have a BMI 25.0-34.9 kg/m(2)
- Group 1 (adenoma, IR)
- Subjects had a colonoscopy within the last two years
- Subjects who had had one or more histologically confirmed adenomas removed from the colon during a colonoscopy in the last two years, in which the cecum was visualized, all polyps were removed, and the bowel was adequately prepared.
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- Subjects have had either an adenoma previous to the above colonoscopy or multiple adenomas during the above colonoscopy.
- Subjects should have more than one previous adenoma in the colon. Rectal adenomas will be excluded. (If a person has only rectal adenomas or 1 colon and numerous rectal adenomas they will be excluded from the study, since the epidemiology for rectal and colon adenomas differ)
- Subjects are insulin resistance as determined by the Homeostasis Assessment Model (HOMA-IR), a mathematical model which allows values for insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function (expressed as percent of normal) to be obtained from simultaneous fasting plasma glucose and fasting insulin. HOMA-IRA is calculated by fasting serum insulin (FI in uU/mL); fasting glucose (FG in mmol/L) / 22.5 or HOMA-IR = FIxFG/22.5 (188). Values greater than or equal to 2.61 are considered insulin resistant
- Group 2 (adenomas, non IR)
- Subjects had a colonoscopy within the last two years.
- Subjects had one or more histologically confirmed colorectal adenomas removed during a colonoscopy in the last two years in which the cecum was visualized, all polyps were removed, and the bowel was adequately prepared.
- Subjects have had either an adenoma previous to the above colonoscopy or multiple adenomas during the above colonoscopy.
- Subjects should have more than 1 adenoma in the colon (vs rectum).
- Subjects are not insulin resistance as determined by HOMA-IR.
- Group 3 (no adenoma, IR)
- Subjects (controls) had a colonoscopy within the last two years and who had no histologically confirmed colorectal adenomas during the colonoscopy, in which the cecum was visualized and the bowel was adequately prepared.
- Subjects have had no previous adenoma.
- Subjects are insulin resistant as determine by HOMA-IR.
- Group 4 (no adenoma, non IR)
- Subjects (controls) had a colonoscopy within the last two years and had no histologically confirmed colorectal adenomas during the colonoscopy, in which the cecum was visualized and the bowel was adequately prepared.
- Subjects have had no previous adenomas.
- Subjects are not insulin resistance as determined by HOMA-IR.
Who cannot join
- All Subjects
- A serious medical condition such as cancer, heart disease, kidney disease, diabetes or other serious medical condition.
- A history of colorectal cancer, surgical resection of adenomas, bowel resection, the polyposis syndrome, or inflammatory bowel disease.
- Smoked regularly in the past year.
- Have a medical condition or dietary restrictions or practices that would substantially limit compliance with the dietary protocol.
- Planning on changing diet, exercise or other health behavior in the next 6 months.
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- Taking any medication that may alter inflammation markers, insulin, glucose, and lipids.
- Potential participants should not be regularly using the following preparations:
- Antibiotics
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin and other non-aspirin NSAIDS like inbuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, piroxicam, COX-2-specific inhibitor drugs such as celecoxib, etodolac, and meloxicam)
- Glucocorticoids and other steroids
- Oral glucose preparations (e.g. Actos, Amaryl, Avandia, DiaBeta, Diabinese, Dymelor, Glucophage(XR), Glucotrol(XL), Glucovance, Glynase Pres Tab, Glyset, Micronase, Orinase, Prandin, Precose, Starlix, Tolinase)
- Insulin injections
- Statins (e.g. atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin)
- Bile Acid Resins (e.g. cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam)
- Nicotinic Acid (Niacin)
- Fibrates (e.g. clofibrate, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil)
- Combination Lipid Lowering Drugs (e.g. Crestor)
- Participants will be asked not to use any supplements (including herbal and alternative therapies) other than a regular multi-vitamin/mineral while participating in the study. While we ask subjects to stop use of OTC medications during the study, we recognize that there may be occasional use of OTC analgesics during the course of the study. At least under some circumstances we will permit the use of OTC analgesics, which is otherwise listed as an exclusion criteria. At their scheduled blood draws, we will ask subjects to report any use of OTC medications during the past week. Participants will also be asked to limit their use of alcohol during the study to less than or equal to 2 drinks/week.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
About this study
Official title: The Effects of a High Legume Low Glycemic Index Diet on Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Patients at High Risk for Colorectal Adenoma Recurrence
This study, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and Penn State University, will examine how a diet high in legumes (dried beans) influences risk factors for colon cancer and polyps. Many scientists believe that colon and rectal cancers develop from polyps (tumors of the lining of the large bowel). This study will test whether a high-legume diet can reduce levels of certain factors (blood insulin, blood glucose, and markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein) that at elevated levels are known to increase the risk of colorectal polyps and colon cancer.
Healthy men between 35 and 75 years of age may be eligible for this study, conducted at Penn State University in University Park, Pennsylvania. Candidates are screened with blood tests and measurements of height, weight, and blood pressure. All candidates must have had a colonoscopy within 2 years of entering the study. They may or may not have had adenomas and may or may not be insulin-resistant. Candidates must not have cancer, heart disease, kidney disease, diabetes, or other serious medical condition, and they must have no history of colorectal cancer, polyp removal, bowel surgery, polyposis syndrome, or inflammatory bowel disease. Participants undergo the following tests and procedures:
- Caloric requirement testing: The subject's resting metabolic rate is measured while fasting and in the early morning at rest to determine daily calorie requirement before beginning the study diet. A special clear plastic hood is placed over the subject's head while his breathing is measured. He can communicate with the technician at all times during the 30-minute test.
- Study diet: Subjects follow two required 4-week diets with a 3-week break in between, followed by an optional third 4-week diet. Subjects eat a healthy American diet for both of the required 4-week diet periods; about 1-1/2 cups of cooked legumes, such as pinto, baked, and navy beans are added to one of the two required diets. For the third (optional) diet period, subjects are given the same 1-1/2 cups of legumes, but are allowed to lose weight. Participants are given packages with all of the food they are to consume during the three diet periods. They may add up to five caffeine-containing beverages per day and up to two alcoholic drinks per week. They must eat all of the food they are given and only the food they are given. Subjects are expected to maintain a constant body weight during the two 4-week required diets, and their caloric intake may be increased or decreased as needed to maintain their screening weight.
- Weight measurements: Subjects are weighed regularly at the clinic.
- Blood samples: Subjects have blood samples drawn at the mid-point of each of the two required 4-week diets and at the beginning and end of each of the three 4-week diets.
- Urine and stool samples: Urine and stool samples are collected at the beginning and end of the two required 4-week diets.
Read the detailed description
Clinical, epidemiological, and molecular studies provide compelling evidence that most colorectal cancers arise from adenomas. The epidemiology of adenomas closely resembles that of colorectal cancer itself, and prevention of adenomas will most likely prevent colorectal cancer. Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are emerging as significant risk factors for colorectal (CRC) cancer and adenomas. Insulin resistance is defined as impaired biological response to the action of insulin. It is characterized by compensatory hyperinsulinemia and is associated with increased risk for Type 2 diabetes. C-peptide, a marker of insulin production, is elevated in IR and is also a risk factor for CRC. Both insulin resistance and colorectal cancer are increasingly recognized as chronic, low-level, inflammatory states. C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase protein and a sensitive marker of sub-clinical inflammation, is a risk factor for both IR and CRC.
Analysis from the Polyp Prevention Trial (PPT), a multi-center, randomized trial of 1905 participants who had a colorectal adenoma, showed that legume consumption was significantly associated with reduction of both adenoma recurrence and advanced adenoma recurrence. Legumes are a rich source of dietary fibers and anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer phytochemicals.
We are evaluating the effects of a legume enriched, low glycemic index, high fermentable fiber diet, on CRP, (a measure of inflammation) and C-peptide (a measure of insulin resistance) in participants with four possible combinations of the risk factors insulin resistance and history of adenomatous polyps. In a randomized crossover design controlled feeding study each participant consumed the above experimental diet and a control diet for four weeks with a two week washout period between diets. 65 male participants were recruited and randomized into four groups. A secondary objective is to assess whether these endpoints change by IR status or a history of adenomas. In addition, potential fecal markers of CRC risk are being measured to assess changes in gastrointestinal inflammation, including mRNA from exfoliated fecal colonocytes. To our knowledge this is the first controlled feeding study: 1. to examine the effects of legumes or a low GI diet on markers of inflammation; 2. to compare the effects of a dietary intervention on patients with a history of colon adenomas with or without IR; and 3. to measure the effects of dietary changes in human intestinal gene expression profiles using exfoliated colonocytes.
- Conditions
- Inflammation, Prevention and Control, Colonic Neoplasms, Diet, Insulin
- Being tested
- LIFE
- Keywords
- Prevention, Colorectal Neoplasms, Insulin Resistance, Inflammation Obesity, Adenoma
- Medical subject headings
- Inflammation, Colonic Neoplasms, Insulin Resistance, Colorectal Neoplasms, Adenoma
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
LIFEDietary supplement
We are evaluating the effects of a legume enriched, low glycemic index, high fermentable fiber diet, on CRP, and C-peptide participants with four possible combinations of the risk factors insulin resistance and history of adenomatous polyps. In a randomized crossover design controlled feeding study each participant consumed the above experimental diet and a control diet for four weeks with a two week washout period between diets. 65 male participants were recruited and randomized into four groups. A secondary objective is to assess whether these endpoints change by IR status or a history of adenomas. In addition, potential fecal markers of CRC risk are being measured to assess changes in gastrointestinal inflammation, including mRNA from exfoliated fecal colonocytes. To our knowledge this is the first controlled feeding study: 1. to examine the effects of legumes or a low GI diet on markers of inflammation
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | Other | Controlled feeding study. Receives: Dietary Supplement: LIFE |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Biomarkers of insulin resistance and inflammation
Measured: At 6 weeks (end of study period)
Secondary outcomes (1)
Weight loss
Measured: At 3 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Jun 2006 (estimated)
- Study start3 Aug 2005
- Primary completion19 May 2008
- Study completion13 Feb 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for InflammationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Cancer Institute (NCI)The sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Early Phase 1
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 65 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Sponsor type
- US National Institutes of Health
- Investigators
- Matthew R Young, Ph.D., Principal investigator, National Cancer Institute (NCI)
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00339469
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 999905215
- Other IDs
- 05-C-N215
- Status last verified
- 13 Feb 2018
- First submitted
- 19 Jun 2006
- Last updated
- 16 Dec 2019
- Results posted
- No
Publications
Zhao C, Ivanov I, Dougherty ER, Hartman TJ, Lanza E, Bobe G, Colburn NH, Lupton JR, Davidson LA, Chapkin RS. Noninvasive detection of candidate molecular biomarkers in subjects with a history of insulin resistance and colorectal adenomas. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2009 Jun;2(6):590-7. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0233. Epub 2009 May 26.
PubMed 19470793Hartman TJ, Albert PS, Zhang Z, Bagshaw D, Kris-Etherton PM, Ulbrecht J, Miller CK, Bobe G, Colburn NH, Lanza E. Consumption of a legume-enriched, low-glycemic index diet is associated with biomarkers of insulin resistance and inflammation among men at risk for colorectal cancer. J Nutr. 2010 Jan;140(1):60-7. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.114249. Epub 2009 Nov 4.
PubMed 19889807Zhang Z, Lanza E, Kris-Etherton PM, Colburn NH, Bagshaw D, Rovine MJ, Ulbrecht JS, Bobe G, Chapkin RS, Hartman TJ. A high legume low glycemic index diet improves serum lipid profiles in men. Lipids. 2010 Sep;45(9):765-75. doi: 10.1007/s11745-010-3463-7. Epub 2010 Aug 24.
PubMed 20734238
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 16 Dec 2019. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effects of a High Legume Low Glycemic Index Diet on Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Patients at High Risk for Colorectal Adenoma Recurrence
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00339469
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 999905215
- Conditions
- Inflammation, Prevention and Control, Colonic Neoplasms, Diet, Insulin
- Keywords
- Prevention, Colorectal Neoplasms, Insulin Resistance, Inflammation Obesity, Adenoma
- Phase
- Early Phase 1
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 65 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Cancer Institute (NCI)US National Institutes of Health
- Study start
- 3 Aug 2005
- Primary completion
- 19 May 2008 (actual)
- Study completion
- 13 Feb 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Jun 2006 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and Penn State University, will examine how a diet high in legumes (dried beans) influences risk factors for colon cancer and polyps. Many scientists believe that colon and rectal cancers develop from polyps (tumors of the lining of the large bowel). This study will test whether a high-legume diet can reduce levels of certain factors (blood insulin, blood glucose, and markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein) that at elevated levels are known to increase the risk of colorectal polyps and colon cancer.
Healthy men between 35 and 75 years of age may be eligible for this study, conducted at Penn State University in University Park, Pennsylvania. Candidates are screened with blood tests and measurements of height, weight, and blood pressure. All candidates must have had a colonoscopy within 2 years of entering the study. They may or may not have had adenomas and may or may not be insulin-resistant. Candidates must not have cancer, heart disease, kidney disease, diabetes, or other serious medical condition, and they must have no history of colorectal cancer, polyp removal, bowel surgery, polyposis syndrome, or inflammatory bowel disease. Participants undergo the following tests and procedures:
- Caloric requirement testing: The subject's resting metabolic rate is measured while fasting and in the early morning at rest to determine daily calorie requirement before beginning the study diet. A special clear plastic hood is placed over the subject's head while his breathing is measured. He can communicate with the technician at all times during the 30-minute test.
- Study diet: Subjects follow two required 4-week diets with a 3-week break in between, followed by an optional third 4-week diet. Subjects eat a healthy American diet for both of the required 4-week diet periods; about 1-1/2 cups of cooked legumes, such as pinto, baked, and navy beans are added to one of the two required diets. For the third (optional) diet period, subjects are given the same 1-1/2 cups of legumes, but are allowed to lose weight. Participants are given packages with all of the food they are to consume during the three diet periods. They may add up to five caffeine-containing beverages per day and up to two alcoholic drinks per week. They must eat all of the food they are given and only the food they are given. Subjects are expected to maintain a constant body weight during the two 4-week required diets, and their caloric intake may be increased or decreased as needed to maintain their screening weight.
- Weight measurements: Subjects are weighed regularly at the clinic.
- Blood samples: Subjects have blood samples drawn at the mid-point of each of the two required 4-week diets and at the beginning and end of each of the three 4-week diets.
- Urine and stool samples: Urine and stool samples are collected at the beginning and end of the two required 4-week diets.
Detailed description
Clinical, epidemiological, and molecular studies provide compelling evidence that most colorectal cancers arise from adenomas. The epidemiology of adenomas closely resembles that of colorectal cancer itself, and prevention of adenomas will most likely prevent colorectal cancer. Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are emerging as significant risk factors for colorectal (CRC) cancer and adenomas. Insulin resistance is defined as impaired biological response to the action of insulin. It is characterized by compensatory hyperinsulinemia and is associated with increased risk for Type 2 diabetes. C-peptide, a marker of insulin production, is elevated in IR and is also a risk factor for CRC. Both insulin resistance and colorectal cancer are increasingly recognized as chronic, low-level, inflammatory states. C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase protein and a sensitive marker of sub-clinical inflammation, is a risk factor for both IR and CRC.
Analysis from the Polyp Prevention Trial (PPT), a multi-center, randomized trial of 1905 participants who had a colorectal adenoma, showed that legume consumption was significantly associated with reduction of both adenoma recurrence and advanced adenoma recurrence. Legumes are a rich source of dietary fibers and anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer phytochemicals.
We are evaluating the effects of a legume enriched, low glycemic index, high fermentable fiber diet, on CRP, (a measure of inflammation) and C-peptide (a measure of insulin resistance) in participants with four possible combinations of the risk factors insulin resistance and history of adenomatous polyps. In a randomized crossover design controlled feeding study each participant consumed the above experimental diet and a control diet for four weeks with a two week washout period between diets. 65 male participants were recruited and randomized into four groups. A secondary objective is to assess whether these endpoints change by IR status or a history of adenomas. In addition, potential fecal markers of CRC risk are being measured to assess changes in gastrointestinal inflammation, including mRNA from exfoliated fecal colonocytes. To our knowledge this is the first controlled feeding study: 1. to examine the effects of legumes or a low GI diet on markers of inflammation; 2. to compare the effects of a dietary intervention on patients with a history of colon adenomas with or without IR; and 3. to measure the effects of dietary changes in human intestinal gene expression profiles using exfoliated colonocytes.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | Other | Dietary Supplement: LIFEControlled feeding study. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 35 to 75 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (23 listed)
- Group 1 (adenoma, IR)
- Group 2 (adenomas, non IR)
- Group 3 (no adenoma, IR)
- Group 4 (no adenoma, non IR)
Key exclusion criteria (19 listed)
- All Subjects
- A serious medical condition such as cancer, heart disease, kidney disease, diabetes or other serious medical condition.
- A history of colorectal cancer, surgical resection of adenomas, bowel resection, the polyposis syndrome, or inflammatory bowel disease.
- Smoked regularly in the past year.
- Have a medical condition or dietary restrictions or practices that would substantially limit compliance with the dietary protocol.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| LIFEWe are evaluating the effects of a legume enriched, low glycemic index, high fermentable fiber diet, on CRP, and C-peptide participants with four possible combinations of the risk factors insulin resistance and history of adenomatous polyps. In a randomized crossover design controlled feeding study each participant consumed the above experimental diet and a control diet for four weeks with a two week washout period between diets. 65 male participants were recruited and randomized into four groups. A secondary objective is to assess whether these endpoints change by IR status or a history of adenomas. In addition, potential fecal markers of CRC risk are being measured to assess changes in gastrointestinal inflammation, including mRNA from exfoliated fecal colonocytes. To our knowledge this is the first controlled feeding study: 1. to examine the effects of legumes or a low GI diet on markers of inflammation | Dietary supplement | 2 |
Primary outcome
Biomarkers of insulin resistance and inflammation
Time frame: At 6 weeks (end of study period)
1 secondary outcome
Weight loss
Time frame: At 3 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 16 Dec 2019.
- Background: PubMed 19470793Zhao C, Ivanov I, Dougherty ER, Hartman TJ, Lanza E, Bobe G, Colburn NH, Lupton JR, Davidson LA, Chapkin RS. Noninvasive detection of candidate molecular biomarkers in subjects with a history of insulin resistance and colorectal adenomas. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2009 Jun;2(6):590-7. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0233. Epub 2009 May 26.
- Background: PubMed 19889807Hartman TJ, Albert PS, Zhang Z, Bagshaw D, Kris-Etherton PM, Ulbrecht J, Miller CK, Bobe G, Colburn NH, Lanza E. Consumption of a legume-enriched, low-glycemic index diet is associated with biomarkers of insulin resistance and inflammation among men at risk for colorectal cancer. J Nutr. 2010 Jan;140(1):60-7. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.114249. Epub 2009 Nov 4.
- Background: PubMed 20734238Zhang Z, Lanza E, Kris-Etherton PM, Colburn NH, Bagshaw D, Rovine MJ, Ulbrecht JS, Bobe G, Chapkin RS, Hartman TJ. A high legume low glycemic index diet improves serum lipid profiles in men. Lipids. 2010 Sep;45(9):765-75. doi: 10.1007/s11745-010-3463-7. Epub 2010 Aug 24.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Matthew R Young, Ph.D. principal investigator
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Early Phase 1 study testing LIFE in people with Inflammation and Prevention and Control, run by National Cancer Institute (NCI) at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 23 inclusion and 19 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 16 Dec 2019. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Early Phase 1 (sometimes called Phase 0) studies give a very small amount of a treatment to a few people, mainly to see how the body handles it.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Biomarkers of insulin resistance and inflammation (time frame: At 6 weeks (end of study period)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00339469, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 16 Dec 2019.